61. The Pantheist Index: Hypatia Of Alexandria (c.375-415) hypatia of alexandria (c.375415) The first notable female astronomer and mathematician who became head of the neo-platonist school in Alexandria. http://www.pantheist-index.net/Philosophers_Writers_Scientists/Greek_Roman/Hypat

The Pantheist Index Hypatia of Alexandria (c.375-415) : The first notable female astronomer and mathematician who became head of the neo-platonist school in Alexandria. Identified as pagan by the Christians, she was murdered by a mob, considered by many to have been incited to riot by Cyril, archbishop of Alexandria. Up to: Greek and Roman Submit a Site for Listing Site's name: Site's Web address: Site's description: Your name: Your e-mail address:

62. Visipix: Raphael, The School Of Athens hypatia of alexandria 370 416 AC, one of the most admirable women in history The answer This is hypatia of alexandria, she had been professor of http://www.visipix.com/sites/specials/raphael/raph_start.htm

Raphael "The school of Athens" , Rome 1508 This is one of greatest art treasures in the world. It is a fresco 9 feet high and 27 feet wide (2.8 x 8 meters). The Pope Julius II wanted that Raphael creates an intense intellectual stimulus in his personal library, the Stanza della Segnatura . Raphael created a group of frescos. One shows a virtual symposium at the "School of Athens" in Greece around the year 380 B.C. Here you find the pivotal axis of all Western philosophy. This virtual symposium unites the greatest thinkers from 800 B.C. until 1400 A.C. The most prominent persons are Platon, Aristotle, Socrates, Zoroaster, Pythagoras, Ptolemy and a young lady . Raphael, Sodoma and Michelangelo are also present. Visipix.com shows you the two versions of the "School of Athens": The fresco itself in the Pontifical palace, in the Stanza della Segnatura. Raphael Stanza At the moment we have only small reproductions. The cardboard draft in the Ambrsosiana in Milan Before an artist painted a fresco, he made a full size draft on cardboard. It was to be held over the wall, then the outlines of the future fresco were marked the either with rub-off-paint on the back or paint-marks through little holes. The cardboard was destroyed in this process. In this case, Raphaelo or a helper must have copied the draft. Collectors paid good money for them.

63. "Sam's Frederic Bastiat Pages" Heroes of the Mind hypatia of alexandria When Hypatia returned to Alexandria, she joined her father as one of the leading instructors at the Museum http://laissez-fairerepublic.com/hypatia1.htm

Heroes of the Mind Hypatia of Alexandria Michael Deakin, who lectures in mathematics at Monash University in Melbourne, gave a fascinating glimpse into the life and tragic murder of Hypatia of Alexandria for Okham's Razor, a program on Austrailian radio hosted by Robyn Williams, noted science broadcaster for Radio National. Women in the Roman World: Hypatia Web resources on Hypatia of Alexandria ssembed and maintained by Howard A. Landman The Martyrdom of Hypatia (or The Death of the Classical World) by Mangasar Magurditch Mangasarian For brief quotations from other heroes of the mind, check out The Dead Economists Society. To return to the home page, click here => Home Page

64. Hypatia: Philosopher And Symbol She is Hypatia, and she has become both a symbol and a cause, The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of hypatia of alexandria, Michael AB Deakin of http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/philosophy/6870

Topics Articles Links Free Courses Home Directory 22 Communities What's New ... Free e-Courses Search Suite101.com Within: Philosophy Religion and Spirituality New Topics Papal History Sufism Weekly Bible Study The Scientology Religion ... More... New Articles Our Place in the Universe (I) Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) Deep Hate: Can It Be Changed. . .Before It's Too Late? V-4 Re-eh OUT FROM EGYPT ... More... New Discussions Open Theism? Arrested For Preaching: Freedom is not FREE Welcome back! I just wanted to say "thank you"... ... More... My Recent Articles One of the 'Net's Best: EpistemeLinks.com Fall 2001 Philosophy Conferences The Examined Life On-Line Philosophy Journal Related Online Courses Taoism 101 - Introduction to Taoism Numerology 102: Intermediate Numerology The Philosophy of Atheism Hypatia: Philosopher and Symbol Home Philosophy, paranormal, psychology Philosophy (General works) Philosophy Author: Frederic Giacobazzi Published on: April 15, 1998 Note: We are actively seeking a new Feature Writer to adopt this Retired Topic.

65. Hypatia@Everything2.com hypatia of alexandria (around 370 415) female mathematician. The life of Hypatia can be characterized in one expression a passion for knowledge. http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=384801

66. The Life And Legacy Of Hypatia hypatia of alexandria is considered to have been the first woman to write on the Hypatia lived and worked in the Egyptian city of Alexandria which was http://hem.bredband.net/b153434/Works/Hypatia.htm

Some quotes by Hypatia: "Life is an unfoldment, and the further we travel the more truth we can comprehend. To understand the things that are at our door is the best preparation for understanding those that lie beyond." "All formal dogmatic religions are fallacious and must never be accepted by self-respecting persons as final." "Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all." "Fables should be taught as fables, myths as myths, and miracles as poetic fancies. To teach superstitions as truths is a most terrible thing. The child mind accepts and believes them, and only through great pain and perhaps tragedy can he be in after years relieved of them. In fact, men will fight for a superstition quite as quickly as for a living truth - often more so, since a superstition is so intangible you cannot get at it to refute it, but truth is a point of view, and so is changeable." The Life and Legacy of Hypatia by Danielle Williams Back to Selected Works page

67. Malaspina.com - Hypatia Of Alexandria (355-415) Research bibliography, books and links to 1000 other interdisciplinary entries compiled by Russell McNeil. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/hypatia1.htm

Hypatia of Alexandria (355-415) [Howard A. Landman] Great Books Biography [Malaspina] Judy Chicago Dinner Party Guest [MGB] Amazon Search Form] Library of Canada Online Citations [NLC] Library of Congress Online Citations [LC] Library of Congress Offline Citations [MGB] COPAC UK Online Citations [COPAC] Free Online Practice Exams [Grad Links] Canadian Book Orders! Chapters-Indigo Save on Textbooks! [Study Abroad] Used Books Search Form Alibris Dummies Books Amazon Books from Amazon Amazon EBay! Ebay Books from Amazon UK Amazon UK Books from Chapters Canada Chapters Amazon's 100 Hot Books Amazon Hypatia of Alexandria Amazon Hypatia (Novel) Amazon Hypatia Amazon Biography [MacTutor, St. Andrews] Comprehensive Annotated and Linked Bibliography [Howard A. Landman] The Life of Hypatia from Damascius's Life of Isidore [From the SUDA] The Life of Hypatia from Ecclesiastical History [Socrates Scholasticus] The Life of Hypatia from Chronicle 84.87-103 [John, Bishop of Nikiu] Hypatia Homepage [EdgeNet Media] Biography [Agnes Scott College] The Martyrdom of Hypatia [Mangasar Mugurditch Mangasarian] History of Mathematics [Clark University] Biography [Alexandria on the Web] Hypatia of Alexandria [Hypatia Electronic Library] Little journeys to the homes of great teachers [Berkeley Citation] Hypatia of Alexandria Top of Page

68. NOVA | Infinite Secrets | Library Resource Kit | Famous Mathematicians | PBS hypatia of alexandria. (cAD 370415 ) Born in Alexandria, Egypt, around AD 370, Hypatia was the first documented female mathematician. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/archimedes/lrk_famous.html

Famous Mathematicians Infinite Secrets homepage The history of mathematics spans thousands of years and touches all parts of the world. Likewise, the notable mathematicians of the past and present are equally diverse. The following are brief biographies of three mathematicians who stand out for their contributions to the fields of geometry and calculus. Hypatia of Alexandria (c. A.D. 370-415 ) Born in Alexandria, Egypt, around A.D. 370, Hypatia was the first documented female mathematician. She was the daughter of Theon, a mathematician who taught at the school at the Alexandrine Library. She studied astronomy, astrology, and mathematics under the guidance of her father. She became head of the Platonist school at Alexandria around A.D. 400. Although little of Hypatia's own work survives, one of her pupils, Synesius of Cyrene, wrote numerous letters documenting Hypatia's contributions. Hypatia lectured in Alexandria on Plato, Aristotle, and other philosophers, and wrote student editions (known as commentaries) of classic works by Euclid, Diophantus, Apollonius, and Ptolemy. There is some evidence that she even wrote a commentary on Archimedes' Dimension of the Circle.

69. Hypatia Of Alexandria The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/people/p_hypatia/

Hypatia of Alexandria ®üªÝ®L ·j´M Hypatia of Alexandria(¬ù370-415)¡C¤wª¾²Ä¤@¦ì­«­nªº¤k¼Æ¾Ç®a¡C Hypatia¬O®J¤Î¼Æ¾Ç»P­õ¾Ç®a Theon of Alexanderia ªº¤k¨à¡A®a¾Ç²W·½´¿¹C¾Ç©ó¶®¨å¡C ¦~¤è¤Ê¡A¤w¸g¦¨¬°¬y¦æªº·s¬f©Ô¹Ï­õ¾Ç¾Ç¬£ªº¾Ç³N»â³S¡C¦o¦¹«á¤@¥Í³£¦bAlexandria±Ð±Â¼Æ¾Ç»P­õ¾Ç¡A ¥i¥H»¡¬O®ç§õº¡¤Ñ¤U¡C ¥Ñ©ó¯Ê¥Fª½±µªº¾ú¥v¸ê®Æ¡A Hypatia ¯u¥¿ªº¼Æ¾Ç»P¬ì¾Ç¦¨´N«á¤H¤wø¥H¦Ò¹î¡C¤£¹L±q¶¡±µªº®Ñ«H¶Ç°O¸ê®Æ¤¤¡A §Ú­Ì¤j­P¤Wª¾¹D¡A Hypatia ´¿¨ó§U¦o¤÷¿Ë¸Éµù Ptolemy ªº¡mAlmagest¡n(¤Ñ¤å¾Ç¤j¥þ)¡A ¼Ú´X¨½±oªº¡m­ì¥»¡n(«á¨Ó¦¨¬°©w¥»)¡C ¦o¤]´¿¸Éµù¹L Diophantus ªº¡mºâ³N¡n»P Apollonius ªº¡m¶êÀ@¦±½u½×¡n¡C ¦o´¿¸g»s³y¹L¤@¨Ç¬ì¾Ç»ö¾¹¡GÆ[¬P»ö¡B¤ô¥­»ö¡B»]H¾¹µ¥¡C ¹ï¥~·j´MöÁä¦r¡G ¡D Hypatia ¡D Ptolemy ¡D ¼Ú´X¨½±o ¡D Diophantus ¡D Apollonius ¡]¼¶½Z¡G¯Îª¤¯¢A¥x¤j¼Æ¾Ç¨t¡^ MacTutor ¡]­Y¦³«ü¥¿¡Bº°Ý¡K¡K¡A¥i¥H¦b¦¹ ¯d¨¥ ¼g«H µ¹§Ú­Ì¡C¡^ ¦Uºô­¶¤å³¹¤º®e¤§µÛ§@Åv¬°­ìµÛ§@¤H©Ò¦³ ½s¿è¡G¶À«H¤¸

70. Spacefem.com: Feminist Of The Day: Hypatia Of Alexandria Want hypatia of alexandria on your page every day? Simply paste this code onto your page !Begin Code for Feminist hypatia of alexandria http://www.spacefem.com/feministoftheday/viewfem.php?id=143

71. Hypatia hypatia of alexandria A Woman Before Her Time tWA 97 Summer.JPG (28494 bytes). hypatia of alexandria was a woman of grace and eloquence, of beauty and http://www.womanastronomer.com/hypatia.htm

"In the starry expanse that has no dwellings: forces of the universe, interior virtues, harmonious union of earth and heaven that delights the mind and the ear and the eye, that offers an attainable ideal to all wise men and a visible splendor to the beauty of the soul." Hypatia (From a dramatic work by Leconte de Lisle, 1857) Hypatia of Alexandria: A Woman Before Her Time H ypatia of Alexandria was a woman of grace and eloquence, of beauty and wisdom. She was born before her time, and she died before her time. Regarded as the first woman astronomer, Hypatia was also an accomplished mathematician, an inventor, and a philosopher of Plato and Aristotle, She lived during the late 4th, early 5th centuriesa time of great change. Born in Alexandria, the exact year of Hypatia's birth is disputed. In the book by Maria Dzielska, Hypatia of Alexandria , the strongest argument is made for 355 A.D. as the year of her birth. In Charles Kingsley's 1928 historical novel of the same name, she was born in 390 A.D. Most sources, however, favor 370 A.D. Hypatia was raised by her father, Theon. There is little mentioned of her mother in any of the surviving records that document Hypatia's life.

72. Hypatia2 bullet, hypatia of alexandria, by Maria Dzielska, translated by F. Lyra. Harvard University Press, 1995. bullet, Hypatia s Heritage, by Margaret Alic. http://www.womanastronomer.com/hypatia2.htm

Page 2 Hypatia of Alexandria: A Woman Before Her Time H ypatia was respected by many officials of her great city. One such man, Orestes, the Prefect of Alexandria, was her friend and often sought her counsel on administrative affairs. Many sources state that he too was pagan, though there are references he was baptized Christian. The other key player in Hypatia's demise is the Patriarch Cyril, the Bishop of St. Mark. He was installed as bishop in October of 412. It was his mission and his quest to bring Christianity to Alexandria, to rid the city of pagans and Jews. He fought his battle for Christian purity by moving against groups that did not follow his beliefs. Cyril was a power-hungry man, who was later canonized by the Catholic Church. One Saturday, Orestes was talking at a theater about the politics of the city. There were many Jews and Christians present, and they detested each other. There was one Christian in particular, Hierax, a loyal supporter of Cyril, that caused an uproar in the crowd. It was thought he was there to spy on Orestes. Orestes stopped his speech and ordered Hierax brought to him. He then had Hierax tortured in full view of the crowd. When Cyril heard of this, he was furious. Calling the Jewish leaders together, he warned that there was trouble in the air.

73. Scholia Reviews Ns 6 (1997) 6. Maria Dzielska (tr. F. Lyra The social and political world of Hypatia in Alexandria is covered in Chapter 3, But hypatia of alexandria is a valuable addition to Bowersock s series http://www.und.ac.za/und/classics/97-06dzi.html

Scholia Reviews ns 6 (1997) 6. Maria Dzielska (tr. F. Lyra), Hypatia of Alexandria . Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1995. ( Revealing Antiquity , 8). Pp. xi + 157. ISBN 0-674-43775-6. US$35.95 UKstlng23.95. Leonora Jackson University of Durban-Westville This is the first monograph available in English on Hypatia of Alexandria. It is also one of only a few scholarly books on this remarkable woman.[[1]] Dzielska sets out to research the life of Hypatia from the available sources and to clear away the cobwebs of centuries of biased and unreliable opinions on this famous philosopher and mathematician of Alexandria who was brutally murdered by Christians in A.D. 415. Suda , Damascius' Life of Isidore , and an epigram of (perhaps) the early fourth century poet Palladas ( Anth. Pal. 9.400) about a Hypatia, who is then often assumed to be this Hypatia (but the name was common and the dates probably wrong). Dzielska briefly discusses the use other modern scholarly works make of these sources. This book is an important monograph for anyone with an interest in the fourth and fifth century Alexandria, its social life, church history, neo-Platonism and mathematics. The book reads well and for this the translator must be congratulated. One minor irritation is having to refer to endnotes rather than footnotes. But Hypatia of Alexandria is a valuable addition to Bowersock's series Revealing Antiquity . Whether one agrees with Dzielska's conclusion that Hypatia was killed for political reasons or not, one should not ignore this book and its valuable contribution to the scholarship it has made available to the English reader.

74. AMU CHMA NEWSLETTER #5 (5/25/1990) hypatia of alexandria (Egypt) is referred to as the first woman in mathematics Vogt, Kari The Rightful Mistress of Philosophy Hypatia from Alexandria http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/AMU/amu_chma_05.html

AMUCHMA-NEWSLETTER-5 Chairman: Paulus Gerdes (Mozambique) Secretary: Ahmed Djebbar (Algeria) Members: Hilda Lea (Botswana), George Njock (Cameroon), Maassouma Kazim (Egypt), Salimata Doumbia (Ivory Coast), J.Mutio (Kenya), Mohamed Aballagh (Morocco), Lawrence Shirley (USA), Abdoulaye Kane (Senegal), Geoffrey Mmari (Tanzania), Mohamed Souissi (Tunisia), Venie Timkumanya (Uganda), Claudia Zaslavsky (USA) TABLE OF CONTENTS NEWSLETTER #5 Objectives of AMUCHMA Meetings 2.1 Papers presented at recent meetings Current research interests Suggestions for further research 4.1 Hypatia of Alexandria (c.370-415 a.d.) Education Have you read? Notes and queries Anouncements ... back to AMUCHMA ONLINE 2. MEETINGS 2.1 PAPERS PRESENTED AT RECENT MEETINGS * At the 2nd East African Symposium on Current Research Trends in Mathematics, Computer Science and Mathematics Education (Arusha, Tanzania, September 11-16, 1989), a paper by Paulus Gerdes "On Mathematical Elements in the Tchokwe 'Sona' Tradition" (Cf. : 5, AMUCHMA

75. Who's Who In Medieval History - Hypatia Of Alexandria Basic information and useful websites about hypatia of alexandria. http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwhypatia.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Medieval History Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Medieval History newsletter! See Online Courses Search Medieval History Hypatia of Alexandria c. 370-415 Philosopher Mathematician Woman of Note ... Africa: Egypt Recognized as the leader of Neoplatonist school of philosophy in Alexandria, Hypatia studied astronomy and wrote mathematical and scientific commentaries. She was brutally murdered by Christian monks, possibly at the command of a jealous bishop. At About.com Hypatia of Alexandria An introduction to the story of Hypatia with links to great online resources, by your About.com Guide to Ancient/Classical History, N.S. Gill. Related Resources Women of the Middle Ages A multilevel index to online biographies, general introductions and in-depth analyses of women in all walks of life. A B C D ... Index by Profession, Achievement,

76. Historia Matematica Mailing List Archive: [HM] Hypatia's Birth Date? Dzielska, hypatia of alexandria a book review speculates about her date hypatia of alexandria by Maths Lecturer from Monash, Dr Michael Deakin. http://sunsite.utk.edu/math_archives/.http/hypermail/historia/jul99/0020.html

[HM] Hypatia's birth date? Julio Gonzalez Cabillon jgc@chasque.apc.org Mon, 05 Jul 1999 12:54:23 -0300 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: William Tait: "Re: [HM] Geometry and Sets" Previous message: Carlos Cesar de Araujo: "[HM] Principles of induction" Next in thread: Edith Prentice Mendez: "Re: [HM] Hypatia's birth date?" Dear List, A very young student from the US has asked me about Hypatia's birth date. She's trying to gather data on Hypatia so she can write a report for her School. "I have found that two different dates are found for her birth. In the several things that Dr. Deakin, and Dr. Hubbard wrote, they both felt that she was born about 355AD ... and a number of other people including The Encyclopedia Britannica say she was born in 370 AD. If you know the story of how the two different dates came to be used, and which one is most likely correct, I would really appreciate knowing." According to the rest of her letter she has already looked at the following sources: 1. An Introduction to the History of Mathematics Prof. Eves

77. About Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria (approx. AD 370 415) was the daughter of the mathematician Theon. She was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (a prominent http://users.aol.com/HypatiaX/abouthyp.htm

So, You're Curious About Hypatia.... Hypatia of Alexandria (approx. AD 370 - 415) was the daughter of the mathematician Theon. She was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (a prominent proponent of Neoplatonism) who became famous throughout the the eastern Mediterranean, and had a great number of students. She was an attractive woman as well, and had many male friends, although she rejected her suitors (I understand she had a revulsion for the physical aspects of love, although I haven't read the material cited for this). One of her more famous devotees was Synesius of Cyrene, bishop of Ptolemais in Libya. She became the Librarian of Alexandria (the Library of Alexandria was considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) and wrote commentaries on Apollonius' work on conic sections (geometry) and Diophantus (simple and quadratic equations, and early algebraic thought), as well as revising the third book of her father's Commentary on the Almagest (a commentary on Ptolemy's book series on astronomy). When she reached middle age, Cyril (Saint Cyril) became the new Patriarch of Alexandria (a very high position in the Christian hierarchy of the times). He apparently had spent his early training with a rather virulent sect of Christian monks, and shortly after taking office, he kicked out another Christian sect on grounds of heresy. Later, he led a mob in destroying the homes and businesses of the Alexandrian Jewish community. The prefect of Egypt, Orestes, a friend of Hypatia, criticized Cyril for these acts; Cyril summoned his friends from the sect (the monks of Nitria) to act as his personal army. Cyril spread it about that the prefect was being corrupted by his friendship with this unclean Pagan woman.

78. HYPATIA L. CAMERON Isidore of Miletus and hypatia of alexandria, On the Editing of Kari VOGT The rightful mistress of philosophy Hypatia from Alexandria http://perso.ens-lyon.fr/natacha.portier/fem/biblio/biblio-1-2.html

1.2 HYPATIA (v. 370-415) Ada ADLER (Ed.): Suidae Lexicon, Leipzig, 1928, I, p.618. Margaret ALIC: Women and technology in Ancient Alexandria: Maria and Hypatia, Women's Studies Int. Quart., Volume 4 (1981) pp. 305312. Margaret ALIC: Hypatias Tochter. Der verleugnete Anteil der Frauen an der Naturwissenschaft, Unionsverlag, Zurich 1987. G. ARGOULT et M. FEDERSPIEL (ed.): Sciences exactes et sciences appliquées à Alexandrie, Saint-Etienne, P.U. Saint-Etienne, 1998. Alexandra BARRIOL: Hypatie, la lionne de l'apocalypse, Paris, la Pensée universelle, 1987. Izabella BASHMAKOVA et E. SLAVUTIN: Istoriya diofantova analiza, Moskow Nauka 1984. Izabella BASHMAKOVA, Evgeni SLAVUTIN and Boris ROZENFELD: The Arabic version of Diophantus' Arithmetica, Science and technology: humanism and progress, Vol. II, pp.151-161, Probl. Contemp. World No.96, Social Sciences Today, Moscow, 1981. André BERNARD: Alexandrie la Grande, Hachette Littératures 1998. L. CAMERON: Isidore of Miletus and Hypatia of Alexandria, On the Editing of Mathematical Texts, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 31 (1990), 103-127. M. CHALUBINSKI, J. TRYBUSIEWICZ: 500 riddles on women, Wiedza Powszechna, Warsaw 1981 (in Polish).

79. Phil 50-03: History Of Western Women Philosophers Primary Sources for the Life and Work of hypatia of alexandria by Michael A. B. Waithe (8) Hypatia lived during a time when Alexandria was not only the http://www.macalester.edu/~warren/courses/LN8Hypatia.htm

LN #8: Hypatia of Alexandria (ca. 370-415) A. See web resources at: Primary Sources for the Life and Work of Hypatia of Alexandria by Michael A. B. Deakin Encyclopaedia Romana: Hypatia Hypatia of Alexandria (Detailed biography along with related links.) Hypatia of Alexandria (Provides a short biography as well as links to more detailed accounts.) Damascius: The Life of Hypatia from the Suda, translated by Jeremiah Reedy Hypatia: A short biography of the first notable woman in mathematics. The Martyrdom of Hypatia (Transcript of speech in 1915; provides a detailed account of the events leading up to her death.) Hypatia: A college student's report on Hypatia's life and quest for knowledge. Hypatia: Short biographical sketch. Women in the Roman World : On-line material for an undergraduate course at the University of Wales Lampeter (bibliographies; summaries of lectures; links; illustrations.) B. Biography 1. Waithe (8): Hypatia lived during a time when Alexandria was not only the western world's center of scientific and philosophic achievement; it also was the site of tremendous social, political, religious, and academic upheaval. 2. At the age of 25 or 30 she was appointed to the paid public position of Director of the Neoplatonic school in Alexandria.

80. Ancient Women hypatia of alexandria lived in Alexandria, the capital of Egypt, Hypatia was Alexandria’s most eminent neoplatonic philosopher and mathematician. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/9974/old.html

Women Philosophers of Ancient Times Hypatia of Alexandria Home Introduction · Ancient Women · The Middle Ages The Renaissance Bibliography Links to More Women of Interest Themistoclea Ancient sources point to women as active participants, playing a central role in the development of early Pythagorean philosophy. Pythagoras produced a school of philosophy that was religious and mystical and the Pythagoreans made important contributions to mathematics, musical theory, and astronomy. What is not commonly known however is that there exists a record that Pythagoras acquired the greater part of his ethical doctrines from Themistoclea, the Priestess of Delphi, and that what he taught he had heard from her. Theano of Crotona Theano of Crotona, the wife of Pythagoras, was a member (along with her three daughters) of the original Pythagorean cult. There is a document attributed to Theano in which she discusses metaphysics, and there are records of her many written works in which she expresses her views on marriage, sex, women, and ethics. Upon the death of Pythagoras, Theano, alongside her two sons, became the director of the Pythagorean school. Diotima of Mantinea In his work Symposium, Plato named Diotima of Mantinea as Socrates’s mentor. It has been the assumption of contemporary historians that Diotima was a fictional character. However, there is credible evidence that she in truth existed. The origin of the suggestion that she was fictional has been traced to a 15th century Humanist, and until that time it had been accepted by historians that Diotima had undeniably existed.

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