41. Abraham Ben Meir Ibn Ezra - Columbia Encyclopedia® Article About Abraham Ben Me abraham Baldwin Agricultural College abraham bar hiyya abraham bar hiyyaHaNasi abraham Beame abraham ben abraham abraham ben David http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra' join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra Also found in: Wikipedia 0.03 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra: see Ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meir Click the link for more information. Mentioned in References in classic literature No references found No references found Columbia browser Full browser abolitionists Abomey abominable snowman aborigines ... Abraham Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site Abraham, Plains of Abram Abramovich, Sholem Yakov ... Abraham Ben David Halevi Ibn Daud Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra Abraham Berge Abraham Bing Abraham Blauvelt Abraham Bloemaart ... Abraham Ecker Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition Free Tools: For surfers: Browser extension Word of the Day NEW!

42. Abraham - Columbia Encyclopedia® Article About Abraham abraham Baldwin Agricultural College abraham bar hiyya HaNasi abraham benMeir ibn Ezra abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra abraham Berge http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Abraham

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='Abraham' join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia Abraham Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus Acronyms Wikipedia Hutchinson 0.01 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback Abraham [according to the Book of Genesis, Heb.,=father of many nations] or Abram [Heb.,=exalted father], in the Bible, progenitor of the Hebrews; in the Qur'an, ancestor of the Arabs. As the founder of Judaism Judaism (j , the religious beliefs and practices and the way of life of the Jews . Click the link for more information. , he is said to have instituted the rite of circumcision as a sign of the covenant between God and the Jews, who are descended from Isaac Isaac [Heb.,=laughter], according to the patriarchal narratives of the Book of Genesis, Isaac was the only son of Abraham and Sara . He married Rebecca , and their sons were Esau and Jacob . Click the link for more information.

43. History Of Astronomy: Persons (A) 870950); abraham bar hiyya Ha-Nasi abraham Ben Chaja Chija; abrahamJudaeus (c.1065-c.1136). Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math. http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_a.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (A) Deutsche Fassung Aaronson, Marc Abbadie, Antoine ... Abbon de Fleury [Abbo of Fleury; Abbo von Fleury; Albo; Albon Floriacensis] (c. 945-1004) Abbot, Charles Greeley Abbott, Francis Abbott, Francis (Jnr) Abel, Niels Henrik ... Abiosi [Abbiosi], Giovanni Battista [Jean-Baptiste] (fl. 1490-1520) Ablufarabius: see al-Farabi, Mohammed (c. 870-950) Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi [Abraham Ben Chaja [Chija]; Abraham Judaeus] (c.1065-c.1136) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Short biography and references (C. Plicht) Short biography (Encycl. Brit.) Abraham Ben Dior [Ben David, Harischon; Josophat Ben Levi] (12th c.) Very short biography and references (C. Plicht) Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra: see Ezra, Abraham ben Meir ibn (1092-1167) Abraham Zachut [Abraham Zacuto; Zagut] (c. 1450 - c. 1510) Very short biography and reference (C. Plicht) Abu Abdallah al-Battani (868-929): see al-Battani Abu al-Hasan: see Ali Ibn Rabban al-Tabari (838-870) Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham (965-1040): see al-Haitham Abu al-Nasr al-Farabi (870-950): see al-Farabi Abu Dschaasar Almansur (712-775) Short biography and references (C. Plicht)

44. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On March 25, 1999 abraham bar hiyya HaNasi abraham Ben Chaja Chija; abraham Judaeus (c.1070-1136(?)) Short biography and references. abraham Ben Dior Ben David, http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new990325.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on March 25, 1999 Some URLs have been updated. Welcome / About Citation Index updated Acknowledgements updated History of astronomy General Astronomie- und Raumfahrtgeschichte Persons ... A Aaronson, Marc (1950-1987) Short biography and references Abbe, Ernst Short biography and references Abbon [Abbo, Albo, Albon (de Fleury, Floriacensis)], St. (c. 945-1004) Short biography and references Abbot, Charles Greeley (1872-1973) Short biography and references Abbott, Francis (1799-1883) Short biography and reference Abell, George Ogden (1927-1983) Very short data and reference Abetti, Giorgio (1882-1982) Short biography and references Abney, Sir William de Wiveleslie (1843-1920) Short biography and references Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi [Abraham Ben Chaja [Chija]; Abraham Judaeus] (c. 1070-1136(?)) Short biography and references Abraham Ben Dior [Ben David, Harischon; Josophat Ben Levi] (12th c.) Very short biography and references Abraham Zachut (15th c.)

45. Arabian Astronomy 1040), Arzachel (AlZarqali, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim ibn Yahya) (1028-1087), Khayyáam,Omar (1048-1122), abraham bar hiyya Ha-nasi (c. 1065-c. http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/Arabian_astronomy.html

Return to The Worlds of David Darling INDEX LATEST NEWS ARCHIVE ... Z entire Web this site Arabian astronomy Following Ptolemy Greek astronomy rapidly declined and ended with the Arabian conquest of Alexandria in A.D. 641. Although the magnificent library and museum were destroyed, the Arabs encouraged learning and for the next 800 years developed an important astronomical tradition of their own. Observatories were established at a number of cities including Damascus, Cairo, Baghdad, and Meragha. One of the greatest stimuli to Arabian astronomy was the need to calculate and maintain the Islamic calendar , which demanded new mathematical methods and more precise timekeeping. Among the greatest of Arabic astronomers were Al-Farghani (?-c. 861), Albategnius (Al-Battani, Muhammad ibn Jabir) (c. 850-929), Al-Sufi , Abd al-Rahman (903-986), Abu’l-Wafa’, Mohammed Al-Buzjani (940-998), Al-Quhi, Abu Sahl Wayjan ibn Rustam (c. 940-c. 1000), Alhazen (Abu Ali al Hassan ibn al Haitham) (c. 965-c. 1040)

46. Quadratic Equation -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article (Click link for more info and facts about abraham bar hiyya HaNasi) abraham barhiyya Ha-Nasi (also known by the (Any dialect of the language of ancient http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/q/qu/quadratic_equation.htm

Quadratic equation [Categories: Equations, Elementary algebra] In (A science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement) mathematics , a quadratic equation is a (A mathematical expression that is the sum of a number of terms) polynomial (A mathematical statement that two expressions are equal) equation of the second (A specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process) degree . The generalized form is The numbers a b and c are called coefficients a is the coefficient of x b is the coefficient of x , and c is the free term or constant. A quadratic equation with (An old small silver Spanish coin) real or ((psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a person's behavior) complex coefficients has two complex roots (i.e., solutions for x when y = 0) usually denoted as and , although the two roots may be equal. These roots can be computed using the quadratic formula Higher-degree equations may be quadratic in form , such as: Note that the highest exponent is twice the value of the exponent of the middle term. This equation may be resolved directly or with a simple substitution, using the methods that are available for the quadratic, such as factoring (also called factorising), the quadratic formula, or completing the square.

47. PHILTAR - Compendium Of Philosophers/A abraham bar hiyya (10701136). An introduction to his life and work. Abramowski,Edward (1868-1918). A substantial account of his life and work http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/compendium_of_philosophers/a/

Compendium of Philosophers A Links to materials by and/or about over a thousand philosophers from thousands of years from all over the world from A to Z This compendium contains entries large and small, single or multiple, on hundreds of philosophers. Links vary in size from a few lines of biography to the whole of the Summa Theologica. Sometimes you are directed to a site which has further links. In that case there is no guarantee that all the further links will work, but enough work to make a visit worthwhile. This compendium does not provide links to philosophers’ own home pages. A list of them can be found here A B C ... Z Abarca, Pedro (1619-1693) A brief introduction to his thought Abelard, Peter (1079-1142) An introduction to his life and work The History of my Misfortunes Abercrombie, John (1780-1844) The Scottish Philosophy Abhinavagupta (10th/11th century) The briefest of introductions to his life and work This page provides access to a variety of excerpts from his works Abraham bar Hiyya (1070-1136) An introduction to his life and work Abramowski, Edward (1868-1918)

48. MuslimHeritage.com - Topics It was also transmitted through the Hebrew treatise of abraham bar hiyya, itselftranslated into Latin by Plato of Tivoli.17 Plato s translation appeared http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?TaxonomyTypeID=12&TaxonomySubTy

49. Calendars - Credits, Feedback, Bibliography The oldest systematic and complete book on the present fixed Jewish calendar isthe work of abraham bar hiyya(born c. 1065), known as Savasorda of barcelona http://webexhibits.org/calendars/credits.html

Credits (see also books Overview This exhibit is a public service of the Institute for Dynamic Educational Advancement ( IDEA Newsletter Find out about new exhibits with our free newsletter We invite you to link to any page. You can also copy or display this exhibit for noncommercial purposes, if you clearly credit WebExhibits. Legal details Feedback We appreciate your feedback, and read all comments but due to the volume of e-mail requests, we are unable to respond personally. You can reach us or our feedback form Credits Edited by Michael Douma , see additional credits below, or suggested books Sponsors Supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), Time and Frequency Division, as a complement to www.time.gov Key contributor Calendar FAQ in 1997. This novel document used the then-new "Frequently Asked Questions" style of writing to explain the otherwise complex working of calendars in an inviting and understandable way. Since then, he has published several editions online, adding his own research and improvements from other contributors. Other text credits Various texts, including the background on our year, the introduction to the Calendars section, the Indian calendar, and the history of the Chinese calendar are adapted from L. E. Dogget.

50. Digital Scriptorium: Author List abraham Abulafia. abraham bar hiyya haNasi. abraham ibn Ezra. Abu-I-Hasanal-Mukhtar ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdun ibn Sa dun ibn Butlan (ibn Butlan) http://dpg.lib.berkeley.edu/webdb/scriptorium/misc/author

Digital Scriptorium: Author List (alphabetical order) Terms listed here are not directly linked to the database; please retype or copy and paste them from here into the search form. Close Window Next Page A Minister of the Church of England Abbot Ruotbertus Abraham Abulafia Abraham bar Hiyya ha-Nasi Abraham ibn Ezra Abu-I-Hasan al-Mukhtar ibn al-Hasan ibn Abdun ibn Sa'dun ibn Butlan (ibn Butlan) Aegidius Columna (Aegidius Romanus) Aegidius of Paris (Aegidius Parisiensis) Aegidius Romanus Aelred of Rievaulx Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Pius II) Aesop Agostino Dati Ahmad ibn Muhammad Rasis Albert of Saxony Albertino Mussato Albertus de Gandino Albertus de Saxonia (Albert of Halberstadt) Albertus Magnus Albertus Magnus ? Hugh of Strassburg ? Albohazen Haly, son of Abenragel Alcuin Aldobrandino da Siena Alessandro de Ritiis; Buccio di Ranallo; Niccolo Cieco d'Arezzo; Antonio Pucci; Giorgio da Sommariva Alexander Boswell Alexander de Villa Dei Alexander Nequam Alexander of Hales Alfonso X of Castile Alfonso X, the Learned, King of Castile and León Alfraganus al-Khwarizmi Alkindi Alonso Gallego Alphonsus of Burgos Ambrose 'Amr Andrea Alciati Andrea Lanfreducci Andreas Coquus Andreas de Escobar Andreas de Isernia Androinus de Rocha, titular cardinal of St. Marcellus

51. BBC - H2g2 - The History Behind The Quadratic Formula This particular derivation of the quadratic formula was brought to Europe byJewish mathematician/astronomer abraham bar hiyya (whose Latinised name is http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2982567

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index Friday 2nd September 2005 Text only Guide ID: A2982567 (Edited) Edited Guide Entry SEARCH h2g2 Advanced Search New visitors: Returning members: BBC Homepage The Guide to Life The Universe and Everything 3. Everything Mathematics Created: 13th October 2004 The History Behind The Quadratic Formula Front Page What is h2g2? Who's Online Write an Entry ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! This is the quadratic formula, as it is taught to most of us in school: x -b a a b ac gives the solution to a generic quadratic equation of the form: ax bx c The development, or derivation, of a mathematical idea is usually as logical, deducible and rectilinear as possible. This brings about the common notion that its historical development is similarly as continuous, logical and rectilinear: one mathematician picking up an idea where another mathematician left it. Using the quadratic formula as an example, it will be shown that the historical development of mathematics is not at all rectilinear. Instead, parallel developments, interconnections and confluences can be found, which - to complicate this stuff even further - are also interrelated with social, cultural, political and religious matters. The so-called quadratic formula has been derived in the course of a few millennia to its current form, which is taught to most of us in school. This Entry will strictly concentrate on the historical development of the quadratic formula. Some mathematical background may be of use to fully understand the described development, however the maths used in this Entry will be kept at a necessary minimum.

52. Sefardi Authors abraham bar hiyya Savasorda, ca. 1065ca. 1136. Alfonso, de Valladolid (SeeAbner, of Burgos, b. ca. 1270). barrios, Miguel de, 1635-1701, PQ6279.B35 http://www.lib.utexas.edu/subject/iberian/Sefarauthors.html

@import url("/utlol-2nd.css"); Skip to Content Home Sitemap Help SEARCH: choose an area to search Library Web Site Library Catalog How Do I...? Web About the Libraries Libraries, Centers, and Museums Hours Parking ... Research by Subject > Iberian Printed Sources Spanish literature Middle Ages Romanceros Renaissance 16th-17th centuries ... History: The Civil War Latin America Colonial literature 19th century 20th century Pathfinders (Spain) (Portugal) (Latin America) SOFIA Search Finding books Finding articles Digital Resources Databases Internet Journals Texts (Spanish) ... Museums Page Special projects: Sefarim Sephardi links Sephardi bibliography Contact: Hugo Chapa Sefardi authors Aaron, ha-Levi, of Barcelona, 13th/14th cent. Abravanel, Isaac, 1437-1508 Abarbanel, Jonah Abarbanel, Leon (see: Leon Hebreo) Abarbanel, Samuel Abbas, Judah ben Samuel, 13th cent. Abner, of Burgos, b. ca. 1270 Aboab, Isaac, 14th cent. Abraham bar Hiyya Savasorda, ca. 1065-ca. 1136 Alfonso, de Valladolid (See: Abner, of Burgos, b. ca. 1270) Barrios, Miguel de, 1635-1701

53. Sefarad Bibliography abraham bar hiyya Savasorda, ca. 1065ca. 1136. La obra enciclopédica yesodeha-tebuna u-migdal ha-emuna / de abraham bar hiyya ha-bargeloni ; edicioó http://www.lib.utexas.edu/subject/iberian/Sefarbiblio.html

@import url("/utlol-2nd.css"); Skip to Content Home Sitemap Help SEARCH: choose an area to search Library Web Site Library Catalog How Do I...? Web About the Libraries Libraries, Centers, and Museums Hours Parking ... Research by Subject > Iberian Printed Sources Spanish literature Middle Ages Romanceros Renaissance 16th-17th centuries ... History: The Civil War Latin America Colonial literature 19th century 20th century Pathfinders (Spain) (Portugal) (Latin America) SOFIA Search Finding books Finding articles Digital Resources Databases Internet Journals Texts (Spanish) ... Museums Page Special projects: Sefarim Sephardi links Sephardi bibliography Contact: Hugo Chapa Sefarad bibliography Anthologies Authors Background Bibliography ... Literature Anthologies Minkin, Jacob Samuel, 1885- Abarbanel and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain / [by] Jacob S. Minkin. New York : Behrman's Jewish Book House, 1938. 237 p. ; 22 cm. Bibliography: p. 221-226. Abravanel, Isaac, 1437-1508. JewsSpain. InquisitionSpain. JewsPersecutions.

54. The Infancy Narratives In Matthew And Luke The Jewish writers abraham bar hiyya (about 1100 AD) and Isaac Abravanel (14371508)both believed that the triple conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn in http://elvis.rowan.edu/~kilroy/christia/old_library/infancy1.html

The Infancy Narratives in Matthew and Luke by James Kiefer PART ONE INTRODUCTION THE STAR AND THE MAGI THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM A COMET OR NOVA? Let us consider the opening of the second chapter of Matthew: + Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of + Herod the king, there came Magi from the East to Jerusalem + saying, "Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have + seen his star in the rising and have come to pay him homage." THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM A PLANETARY CONJUNCTION? AN ASTROLOGY LESSON JUPITER, SATURN, AND PISCES Matthew describes the wise men as seeing a star and deducing that it heralded the birth of a great king. Whatever else the wise men were, they were astrologers that is, they believed that the motions and appearances of the heavenly bodies foretold earthly events. Now a simple conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, such as happened every twenty years, would not seem especially significant, but a triple conjunction would receive more attention. What would astrologers of that time take it to mean? Jupiter was regarded as the royal planet, the sign of kings. Therefore the conjunction would have been taken to indicate a royal event, such as the birth of a king.

55. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page abraham bar hiyya (641) abraham, Max (164*) Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) bar hiyya,abraham (641) barbier, Joseph Emile (67) bari, Nina (403*) http://www.maththinking.com/boat/mathematicians.html

Full Alphabetical Index Click below to go to one of the separate alphabetical indexes A B C D ... XYZ The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (861) al-Nasawi , Abu (681) al-Nayrizi , Abu'l (621) al-Qalasadi , Abu'l (1247) al-Quhi , Abu (1146) al-Samarqandi , Shams (202) al-Samawal , Ibn (1569) al-Sijzi , Abu (708) al-Tusi , Nasir (1912) al-Tusi , Sharaf (1138) al-Umawi , Abu (1014) al-Uqlidisi , Abu'l (1028) Albanese , Giacomo (282) Albategnius (al-Battani) (1333*)

56. Abraham Bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi Biography .ms abraham bar hiyya HaNasi. abraham bar hiyya Ha-Nasi (1070 - 1136) was a Spanish bar hiyya wrote several scientific works in the fields of astronomy, http://savasorda.biography.ms/

Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi ) was a Spanish Jewish mathematician and astronomer , also known as Savasorda (from the Arabic Sâhib as-Shurta). He lived in Barcelona ; and is remembered for his role in the dissemination of the quadratic equation . Bar Hiyya wrote several scientific works in the fields of astronomy , mathematics, land surveying and calendar calculations, as well as two religious works, Hegyon ha-Nefesh on repentance and Megillat ha-Megalleh on redemption. Even these religious works contain scientific and philosophical speculation. Bar Hiyya wrote all his works in Hebrew , not in Judaeo-Arabic of the earlier Jewish scientific literature, which makes him a pioneer in the use of the Hebrew language for scientific purposes. He also co-operated with Plato of Tivoli in the translation of scientific works from Arabic into Latin His Megillat ha-Megalleh (Scroll of the Revealer) was also astrological in nature. It claimed to forecast the messianic future. External links See also Phrases and Sayings MacTutor biography http://www.abo.fi/~htoyryla/abh.pdf sl:Abraham Hija A B C D ... Home page

57. Gersonides As Goldstein has demonstrated, this conjunction was predicted already by IbnEzra, and repeated by abraham bar hiyya in his Megillat haMegalleh where the http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/gersonides/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change AUG The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Gersonides Perhaps no other medieval Jewish philosopher has been so maligned over the centuries as Gersonides (Levi ben Gerson, acronym Ralbag). Indeed, his major philosophical work, Sefer Milhamot Ha-Shem The War of the Lord , 1329), was called " Wars against the Lord " by one of his opponents. Despite the vilification of his position, Gersonides emerges as one of the most significant and comprehensive thinkers in the medieval Jewish tradition. He has been constantly quoted (even if only to be criticized), and, through the works of Hasdai Crecas and others, Gersonides' ideas have influenced such thinkers as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibiniz and Benedict de Spinoza. This article will survey his major contributions to medieval philosophy. 1. Introduction

58. Jewish History 10601136 abraham bar hiyya (Spain). Spanish philosopher, mathematician, andscientist. Although he wrote in Hebrew (rather than in the common Arabic) many http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/1000.htm

1002-1070 ISAAC BEN ELIEZER HALEVI (Worms, Germany) Rabbi, teacher, liturgist - a student of Eliezer ben Isaac. After the death of Jacob ben Yakar Rashi joined his school. 1007 ROME (Italy) The Talmudic Academy was founded under Jacob Gaon and the three leaders of the community: Moses Ha Nasi, Abraham, and Shabbtai. Jacob Gaon was succeeded by Rabbi Jechiel and then by his son R' Nathan (see 1035) author of the Aruch. R' Nathan traced his family back to the scholars who were brought to Rome by Titus in 73 CE. 1008 CALIPH HAKIM (Egypt) The sixth Fatimid caliph began his rule. He pressured all non-Moslems, especially Christians, to convert. He is said to have forced Jews to wear a small "golden calf" around their necks. Al-Hakim proclaimed himself God's incarnation, disappeared, and was probably killed during a revolt. His confessor Darazi fled to the Syrian mountains where he proclaimed a new religion - the Druse (Druze). According to the Druze religion there have been ten incarnations of God with Al-Hakim being the last - and they await his second coming. 1010 JERUSALEM (Eretz Israel) Caliph Hakim of Egypt destroyed the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem. The French Christian "Historian" Raoul Glaber (who had previously recorded that the Jews were the "Habitual ally of the Devil") claimed that the Jews were responsible for this. As a result, Jews were expelled from Limoges and other French towns.

59. Jewish History 1129 abraham bar hiyya (d.1136) (Spain). Philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.Published Meggilat HaMegaleh (Scroll of the Revealer) in which he http://www.jewishhistory.org.il/1100.htm

1100 July 25, HAIFA (Eretz Israel) Jewish residents joined with the Fatimids of Egypt in defending the city. Tancred, who unsuccessfully attacked Haifa, was reprimanded for his lack of success and told that he made "a mockery of the God of the Christians." Once the city fell, the remaining Jews were massacred by the crusading forces. 1100-1328 AGE OF THE TOSAFISTS (France) The name given to the descendants of Rashi . They added to, and reconciled his works with seeming contradictions in the Talmud , using many cross references to similar topics in other sections of the Talmud. Various schools studied and compiled these works. Each work was named after the school in which it was compiled, e.g. Tosafot Averu for the school of Moses of Evereux, etc. 1100-1135 REIGN OF HENRY I (England) Henry I granted a charter to Jews which allowed freer settlement, seeing it as a way to increase revenues. 1100-1171 (4 Tamuz 4931) JACOB BEN MEIR (France) Rabbenu Tam (Rameru, France). Youngest and most famous of the three grandsons of Rashi , and the most renowned of the Tosafists . He also studied Hebrew verse, wrote liturgical prayers and exchanged poems with Ibn Ezra. He convened a council of sages in which 150 Rabbis participated. The council was held in the shadow of the

60. Cat-judaica The First Hebrew Encyclopedia of Science abraham bar hiyya s Yesodei haTevunahu-Migdal ha-Emunah; M. Rubio. 7. Encyclopedic Aspects of abraham ibn Ezra s http://www.thorntonsbooks.co.uk/cat-judaica.html

Thornton's Bookshop ( ABA, BA, ILAB, BASEES) Established in Oxford in (Internet and mailorder sales only) Wightwick - Boars Hill Oxford OX1 5DR United Kingdom Member of the Antiquarian Booksellers Association since 1907 Booksellers Association of Great Britain International League of Antiquarian Booksellers Joseph Thornton Index of Book Catalogues An apprentice (1920) talks HOME Deutsch ... Svensk order by e-mail from us at thorntons@booknews.demon.co.uk Judaica also see our other list Jewish studies from Eastern Europe

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