21. Science - Astronomy: Astronomers heraclides of pontus He proposed that the seeming westward movement of the heavenly bodies is due to the eastward rotation of the earth on its axis. http://www.archaeonia.com/science/astronomy/astronomers.htm

ASTRONOMERS I t is easy to forget sometimes how much of our knowledge we owe to the civilizations that came before us. Most of modern science can trace its roots back to the theories and philosophies of ancient scholars. The ancient Greeks molded many of the ideas that shaped the modern world, including the field of astronomy . One of the most important facts to remember when discussing ancient Greek astronomy is that the ancient Greeks lacked any sort of device to magnify the heavens, such as telescopes and binoculars . They had to make all their observations using only the naked eye . The Greeks carefully recorded everything they saw in the heavens and most of their theories were developed over long periods of time using the information they had written down about celestial occurrences . Greek astronomers were very scientific in their work. They studied the heavens because they believed that there was a natural order to everything in the cosmos and wished to explore it.. THALES: Thales was the first prominent Greek astronomer. He was originally from Greek Ionia and not from Mainland Greece. Ionia is on the coast of present-day Turkey (Asia Minor). Thales' best known accomplishment was

22. Book Details - Postscript Books A follower of Plato, heraclides of pontus or Ponticus (c.388315 BC) was famous in antiquity for his dialogues, but has attracted the attention of modern http://www.psbooks.co.uk/BookDetails.asp?Code=10219&pg=Sandpiper Editions&ur=San

23. Cat-class heraclides of pontus. OUP, 198 162pp., , first ed., as new, O, heraclides of pontus (c.388315BC) is one of the most enigmatic figures in the history http://www.thorntonsbooks.co.uk/cat-class.html

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24. Heraclides heraclides of pontus, Greek philosopher of 4th century AD, was the first to explain that the apparent rotation of the heavens is brought about by rotation http://www.angelfire.com/ca5/ancientgreecescience/heraclides

Heraclides Scientists Home Page Anaxagoras Archimedes Aristarchus ... Pythagoras Heraclides of Pontus, Greek philosopher of 4th century AD, was the first to explain that the apparent rotation of the heavens is brought about by rotation of the earth on its axis rather than by the passage of stars around the Earth. He proposed that the seeming westward movement of the heavenly bodies is due to the eastward rotation of the Earth on its axis.

25. Campusweb | Obituaries News Item Dr Gottschalk’s subsequent book, heraclides of pontus (1980) was published to In 2003, an international conference on heraclides of pontus was organised http://campus.leeds.ac.uk/newsincludes/newsitem1940.htm

Search (Offsite search: excludes restricted pages) Thursday 01 September 2005 8 April 2004 Dr Hans B Gottschalk Members will be very sorry to learn of the death, on 4 April 2004, of Dr Hans Benedikt Gottschalk, former Reader in Classics. Born in Germany in 1930, Dr Gottschalk came to England in 1938. He won a scholarship to read Classics at Peterhouse, Cambridge and, having graduated in 1952, proceeded to undertake research for a PhD, which he was awarded in 1957, on the criticism and development of Aristotle’s philosophy in the early Peripatetic School. While at Cambridge, he held a John Stewart of Rannoch Scholarship and The Charles Oldham Classical Scholarship. Following a spell as Sixth-form Classics master at Uppingham School, Dr Gottschalk was appointed Assistant Lecturer at Leeds in January 1958 and promoted to Lecturer in the following year. Dr Gottschalk was an outstanding scholar, with an international reputation in the field of post-Aristotelian philosophy, in particular the Peripatetic School and philosophers including Theophrastus and Heraclides. His penetrating acumen and exceptionally wide general erudition in the classical area fitted him for the exacting, highly complex and meticulous scholarship required to reconstruct, analyse and interpret ancient texts often surviving in only fragmentary form. Dr Gottschalk’s research produced a number of acclaimed books and articles; his first book, a monograph on Strato of Lampsacus, was published in 1965 and was welcomed as an important and illuminating addition to the knowledge of the Aristotle School after Aristotle’s death. Dr Gottschalk’s subsequent book, Heraclides of Pontus (1980) was published to glowing reviews, one reviewer describing it as ‘a little classic of exact scholarship, sober but imaginative, full of learning and judgement, pleasantly written and lucidly organised.’ These books were augmented by a series of articles and reviews, published in leading classical journals including Gnomon, Hermes and Classical Quarterly, which offered many new and original insights into their subject.

26. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics » Heraclides Of Pontus (c. 388– Greek philosopher, born in Heraclea, Pontus, Heraclides was taught by PLATO and ARISTOTLE, and the Pythagoreans in Athens. Although his written works are http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=summary&doc=eaa/3689@eaa-xml

27. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics » Browse By Title Article heraclides of pontus (c. 388–315 BC); Published November 2000; Summary Greek philosopher, born in Heraclea, Pontus, Heraclides was taught by http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=browse.home&type=ti&dir=H/HE

28. History Of Philosophy 10 To the Old Academy belonged Speusippus, Xenoerates, heraclides of pontus, heraclides of pontus is remarkable for having taught the diurnal revolution of http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/hop10.htm

29. Aristarchus Of Samos Interestingly, Aristarchus was preceded by heraclides of pontus (ca. 388315 BC), who proposed that the motions of Mercury and Venus were due to the fact http://www.russellcottrell.com/greek/aristarchus.htm

ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS AND THE HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSE Aristarchus of Samos ( ca. B.C. ), called "the mathematician" during his life, is the first person known to have proposed our modern view of the universe: that the Earth revolves around a fixed Sun. For some reason, however, Copernicus, who wrote 1700 years later and knew of Aristarchus' work, is the person most often credited with this heliocentric theory. Being far ahead of his time, like his younger contemporary Archimedes, his ideas never seem to have developed a following and so died out until the telescope revived them. Unfortunately, the original work in which Aristarchus proposes the theory has been lost; we know of it because Archimedes refers to it and describes Aristarchus' proposals. Unlike some ancient scholars, whose seemingly modern views were part of a larger system of mysticism and religion, Aristarchus was firmly grounded in observation and mathematics. The heliocentric theory is thought by some to have been a natural exension of his finding that the Sun is much larger than the Earth. His major extant work, On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon

30. STEFAN STENUDD - Pythagoras. Cosmos Of The Ancients ----------- on his person – according to heraclides of pontus he said about himself that he was the son of Hermes, who had offered him any gift except immortality. http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/pythagoras.htm

About the writer Stefan Stenudd Cosmos of the Ancients The Greek Philosophers on Myth and Cosmology Pythagoras o Pythagoras (circa 582-500 BC) it seems the gods were both factual and worthy of reverence, if the later commentators are to be trusted. Of his own words nothing remains. According to Hieronymus, Pythagoras had descended into Hades, where: he saw the soul of Hesiod bound fast to a brazen pillar and gibbering, and the soul of Homer hung on a tree with serpents writhing about it, this being their punishment for what they had said about the gods. His teaching was strict, full of rules to live by, some peculiar and some expressions of piety. He was secretive of his learning and demanded much of those who wanted to be his disciples, among other things a long waiting before being accepted. Not only did he avoid meat, but for several reasons he refused beans, to the extent that he was reported to have died because of it – when fleeing from his enemies he stopped before a field of beans, not wanting to cross it, whereby they caught and killed him. Diogenes Laertius claims that "his disciples held the opinion about him that he was Apollo come down from the far north" and Pythagoras himself had no less a view on his person – according to Heraclides of Pontus he said about himself that he was the son of Hermes, who had offered him any gift except immortality. "So he asked to retain through life and through death a memory of his experiences." Thus, his soul wandered from person to person, all of them noble men, keeping its memory through each new life lived. To Pythagoras, this was nothing ordinary, since: "He was the first, they say, to declare that the soul, bound now in this creature, now in that, thus goes on a round ordained of necessity." This is, in essence, identical with the metempsychosis of Pherecydes, who would then most likely be primary to Pythagoras in expressing the theory.

31. Institute Of Archaeology And Antiquity heraclides of pontus New Brunswick); Laurence, R. (1994) Modern Ideology and the Creation of Ancient Town Planning , European Review of History 1 918 http://www.iaa.bham.ac.uk/research/reception/activity.htm

Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity University Fast Find Site Index Schools / Departments Telephone Directory Email Directory Useful Contacts Frequently Asked Questions Directions / Maps Acronym Directory Vacancies INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTIQUITY IAA Home IAA Research Home Research Group Links: Main Page Research Aims Research Activity Group Members ... Postgraduate Opportunities IAA Links: Birmingham Archaeology Unit Ironbridge Institute Undergraduate Studies Postgraduate Studies ... Contact Details School Links: Historical Studies Website Virtual Tours Reception of The Past - Research Activity For ongoing projects, see here Publications: Brubaker, L. (1997). 'Material culture and the myth of Byzantium', in G Arnaldo and G Cavallo, eds, Europa medievale e mondo bizantino, Contatti effettivi e possibilità di studi comparati (Rome), 33-41. Brubaker, L. (2004) 'Sta Maria Antiqua and the history of Byzantine art history', in J Osborne, ed., Sta Maria Antiqua, 100 years on (Rome, 2004). Brubaker, L. (forthcoming)'Every cliché in the Book: the linguistic turn and the text-image discourse in Byzantine manuscripts', in L James, ed., Art and text in Byzantium (Cambridge). Brubaker, L. (forthcoming) 'Critical approaches to art history', in E Jeffreys et al., ed., Oxford handbook of Byzantine Studies.

32. Références H Translate this page GOTTSCHALK, Hans B. - heraclides of pontus / HB Gottschalk. 1re éd. Voir également HB Gottschalk, heraclides of pontus, référencé dans ce répertoire. http://callimac.vjf.cnrs.fr/RSPA/References/References_H.html

Auteurs anciens Textes Auteurs modernes Accueil ... MANETTI, Daniela PFlor 115. Bibliogr. p. 39-40. Indices. Hecataeus Abderita DIELS, Hermann [Fragmenta et testimonia] / Hekataios von Abdera. , Bd. II, p. 240-245 et 424 Trad. fr. DUMONT, Jean-Paul , p. 958-966 (traduction) et 1509-1512 (notes) Trad. ital. ALFIERI, Vittorio Enzo [Fragmenta et testimonia] / Ecateo di Abdera. , II, p. 847-855 Hecato Rhodius GOMOLL, Heinz Der Stoische Philosoph Hekaton, seine Begriffswelt und Nachwirkung unter Beigabe seiner Fragmente / von Heinz Gomoll. Bonn : Fr. Cohen, 1933, xii-[115]p. Hegesias Cyrenaeus GIANNANTONI, Gabriele [Fragmenta et testimonia] / Hegesias Cyrenaeus. , II, p. 113-115 (textes) et IV, p. 189-193 (notice) MANNEBACH, Erich [Fragmenta et testimonia] / Hegesias. , passim Hegesias Sinopeus [Fragmenta et tesstimonia] : [Fragmentset testimonia] GIANNANTONI, Gabriele [Fragmenta et testimonia] / Hegesias Sinopeus. , II, p. 517 Helicon Cyzicenus , p. 139-143, 349-352, 575-576 Heracleodorus JANKO, Richard Charles Murray [Fragmenta et testimonia] / Heracleodorus. , p. 155-165, 214-229, 415-441, 447-449

33. Sample Chapter For Dolling, L.M., Statile, G.N., Gianelli, A.F.,: The Tests Of T heraclides of pontus (388 BC315 BC) suggested that the daily motion of the stars could be accounted for equally well by the rotation of the earth on an http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/i7432.html

SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory Edited by Lisa M. Dolling, Arthur F. Gianelli, and Glenn N. Statile Book Description Endorsements Class Use and other Permissions . For more information, send e-mail to permissions@pupress.princeton.edu This file is also available in Adobe Acrobat PDF format INTRODUCTION Although Heliocentric Theory is well known, describing it without the use of unwarranted or unjustified assumptions is not easy. Simply put, the theory suggests that the earth has two motions, a rotation on an axis and an orbital motion about the sun. Further, it maintains that the sun is central to, although not exactly in the center of, the orbits of all those heavenly bodies known as the planets, of which the earth is one. The physical reference frame used to determine the motions of this "solar" system is the frame of the fixed stars, bodies that do not appear to change their positions relative to one another. In this theory the dual motions attributed to the earth are considered to be in some sense real. The Geocentric View of Eudoxus Although not really interested in astronomy, the philosopher Plato had a great influence on the course of its early history. Because he perceived the heavens to be more perfect than the earth, Plato urged astronomers to describe celestial motions in terms of the most perfect of geometrical shapes, the circle. In fact, for Plato, the most perfect motion would be uniform circular motion, motion in a circle at a constant rate of speed.

34. Hoaxes He showed it to his rival, the more widely read and more pompous heraclides of pontus, who declared it to be genuine. Later, when Dionysus revealed it to be http://www.warwick.ac.uk/staff/S.Reimers/hoaxes.html

GOTCHA! Science, scientists and the art of the perfect hoax Stian Reimers 20 September, 2002 Now that's scientific fact. There is no real evidence for it but it's scientific fact. Abstract Introduction Hoaxes are mischievous acts designed to poke fun at a person or group, to satirise an aspect of society, or to critique the values that let people believe them. The vast majority are playful fun, a diversion from everyday concerns, causing little more trouble than a small amount of wasted time and a slightly bruised ego. However, some are able to bring about upheaval and political change, be it rightly or wrongly. People have been playing hoaxes for millennia. Schnabel (1994) cites an example from around 350BC. A Greek philosopher called Dionysus wrote the Parthenopaeus, which he claimed was a lost work of Sophocles. He showed it to his rival, the more widely read and more pompous Heraclides of Pontus, who declared it to be genuine. Later, when Dionysus revealed it to be a work of his own, which he had written specifically to mock his enemy, Heraclides refused to believe it. He changed his mind fairly rapidly, though, when Dionysus showed that the initial letters of each line spelled ‘Heraclides is ignorant of letters’. Unfortunately, the response of the first recorded hoax victim is not recorded. Hoaxes occur in all areas of life and work. There are famous literary frauds, like the Howard Hughes autobiography or the Hitler diaries. There are fake Vermeers in the art world, mock-documentaries on television, false stories about historical events, and a lot of entirely fictitious articles in the mass media. But in this dissertation I will concentrate on science. Science has all the right components for a good hoax – credulous people with fairly rigid thought processes, creative mischief-makers, confusing terminology, and a sense of authority that makes an pronouncement using its name almost automatically unchallengable, certainly to much of the population.

35. The Lost Knowledge Of The Greeks Around 350 BC, a latterday Pythagorean, heraclides of pontus (c. 373 BC), conceived of the Earth sphere as spinning west to east, adopting the earlier view http://www.neo-tech.com/neotech/zero/part2.html

NT Home Page Neotech Related Items Neotech: The Philosophical Zero Search WWW Search neo-tech.com Neotech Home Page The Ultimate Leverage for Riches Next Page Contents ... Previous Page 2. THE LOST KNOWLEDGE OF THE GREEKS During the first decade of the 16th century when Copernicus was still forming his astronomical hypotheses, he read the works of many Greek authors and found that heliocentric ideas had already been propounded. He mentions in his work some of those Greek mathematician-astronomers who held distinctly different views of the celestial system from that of Aristotle and Ptolemy, although not necessarily heliocentric, such as Philolaus, Hicetus, Ecphantus, and Heraclides ("On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres", Book One). Indeed, the geocentric theories were not the only systems known to the Greeks, nor even at times the most accepted. Between the sixth and fourth century B.C., there was a philosophical society known as the Pythagorean society in Greece. Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582-500 B.C.), founder of the society, traveled extensively in his youth by way of the sea to the East as well as to Egypt, and not only accumulated a wealth of knowledge from different corners of the Earth but also obtained a unique perspective that was possible only for the celestial navigator-businessmen of the time, i.e., the sphericity of the Earth. Astronomy and mathematics, particularly trigonometry, originated to a great measure among those celestial navigator-businessmen of antiquity whose survival almost entirely depended upon knowing the relative positions and movements of the celestial bodies. Furthermore, while traveling across the sea by observing the movements of the celestial spheres, it became revealingly clear to them that the Earth was a spherical entity. (Around 200 B.C., three hundred years after Pythagoras, Phoenician navigator-businessmen circumnavigated the Earth for the first time in recorded history and proved that the Earth was indeed spherical, preceding Magellan by more than 1700 years.)

36. History Of Mathematics: Greece 396314); heraclides of pontus (c. 390-c. 322); Bryson of Heraclea (c 350?) Menaechmus (c. 350); Theudius of Magnesia (c. 350?) Thymaridas (c. http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html

Greece Cities Abdera: Democritus Alexandria : Apollonius, Aristarchus, Diophantus, Eratosthenes, Euclid , Hypatia, Hypsicles, Heron, Menelaus, Pappus, Ptolemy, Theon Amisus: Dionysodorus Antinopolis: Serenus Apameia: Posidonius Athens: Aristotle, Plato, Ptolemy, Socrates, Theaetetus Byzantium (Constantinople): Philon, Proclus Chalcedon: Proclus, Xenocrates Chalcis: Iamblichus Chios: Hippocrates, Oenopides Clazomenae: Anaxagoras Cnidus: Eudoxus Croton: Philolaus, Pythagoras Cyrene: Eratosthenes, Nicoteles, Synesius, Theodorus Cyzicus: Callippus Elea: Parmenides, Zeno Elis: Hippias Gerasa: Nichmachus Larissa: Dominus Miletus: Anaximander, Anaximenes, Isidorus, Thales Nicaea: Hipparchus, Sporus, Theodosius Paros: Thymaridas Perga: Apollonius Pergamum: Apollonius Rhodes: Eudemus, Geminus, Posidonius Rome: Boethius Samos: Aristarchus, Conon, Pythagoras Smyrna: Theon Stagira: Aristotle Syene: Eratosthenes Syracuse: Archimedes Tarentum: Archytas, Pythagoras Thasos: Leodamas Tyre: Marinus, Porphyrius Mathematicians Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550)

37. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians 396314); heraclides of pontus (c. 390-c. 322); Bryson of Heraclea (c 350?) Menaechmus (c. 350) *SB; Theudius of Magnesia (c. 350?) Thymaridas (c. http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

38. Herakleides Proposed axial rotation of earth. Context. Works. References GJ Toomer DSB 15 Supp.1.2025. HB Gottschalk heraclides of pontus OUP1980. http://www.swan.ac.uk/classics/staff/ter/grst/People/Herakleides.htm

Name Herakleides Occupation: From Herakleia on the Pontus (now Eregli, Turkey) Son of: Euthyphron Occupation: Dates c. 390-310 BC Brief biography Father Euthyphron was descended form Damis, one of the original settlers from Boiotia. Joined Akademy in the 360s, and ran it while Plato was in Sicily. Sent by Plato to Kolophon to get copy of poems of Antimakhos. Also attended Aristotle’s lectures. His obesity and mannerisms earned him the nickname in Athens of ‘ho Pompikos’. Herakleides left the Academy when Xenokrates was elected scholarch following Speusippos’ death Herakleides then returned to Herakleia and took pupils but no evidence he founded a school. Died sometime later. Frags only survive. Proposed axial rotation of earth. Context Works References G J Toomer DSB 15 Supp.1.202-5. H B Gottschalk Heraclides of Pontus T E Rihll Last modified: 11 March 2003

39. Timeline Of Rockets - Leaving Earth Behind 388315 BC - heraclides of pontus explains the daily rotation of the stars by assuming that the Earth spins on its axis. He also discovers that Mercury and http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrockettimeline.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Business Inventors Technology Timelines Timeline of Rockets - Leaving Earth Behind Business Inventors Essentials 20th Century Inventions - Timelines ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Inventors newsletter! See Online Courses Search Inventors Timeline of Rockets 3,000 BCE - 1700 AD Return Rockets 3,000 BCE - 1700 AD 1700 AD - 1850 AD 1850 AD - 1957 ... 1957 AD - 1989 3000 BCE - Babylonian astrologer-astronomers begin making methodical observations of the skies. 2000 BCE - Babylonians develop a zodiac. 1300 BCE - Chinese use of firework-rockets becomes widespread. 1000 BCE - Babylonians record sun/moon/planetary movements - Egyptians use sun-clock 600-400 BCE - Pythagoras of Samos sets up a school which rivals the Ionians. Parmenides of Elea, a student, proposes a spherical Earth made from condensed air and divided into five zones. He also sets forth ideas for stars being made of compressed fire and a finite, motionless, and spherical universe with illusory motion. 585 BC - Thales of Miletus, a Greek astronomer of the Ionian school, predicts the angular diameter of the sun. He also effectively predicts a solar eclipse, frightening Media and Lydia into negotiating for peace with the Greeks.

40. Arnoldson, Klas Pontus --  Encyclopædia Britannica heraclides of pontus University of St.Andrews, Scotland Brief introduction to the life and works of this Turkish astronomer and philosopher. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9009584

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Klas Pontus Arnoldson Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Arnoldson, Klas Pontus  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 Klas Pontus Arnoldson died Feb. 20, 1916, Stockholm politician who figured prominently in solving the problems of the Norwegian-Swedish Union. He was the cowinner (with Fredrik Bajer) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1908. Arnoldson, Klas Pontus... (75 of 156 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Arnoldson, Klas Pontus."

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