61. Math Words Page 16 edmund gunter was a professor of astronomy at Gresham College in London and afriend of Briggs. He published tables of the logs of Sines and Tangents and is http://www.pballew.net/arithm16.html

Math Words, pg 16 Back to Math Words Alphabetical Index Accurate    Mathematicians are often concerned with accuracy, and the key to being accurate is to take care.  In fact the origin of the word is from the Latin roots ad (to) and cura (care) which together formed the Latin word accuratus for "done with care". Cure, curio, curator, secure and sure are all from the same root and relate to work done with care. The word curator was created, in English, by the Royal Society in England in 1660 for the members who would supervise the experiments at each meeting. One of the first was Robert Hooke. A similar word existed in Latin for a manager or overseer, and in the church where a curate was an assistant to the vicar. Aeon or Eon Although a proposal was made in 1957 to define an aeon to be a unit of time equal to one billion years (1 Ga), the idea was not approved as a unit of scientific measure and is seldom used for a specific period of time. Its more common usage is for any long, indefinite, period of time. The origin is from the Greek root aion for age or life force. A similar Latin word

62. Astronomy -Astrology - Cosmology - History - Primary Texts - Scientific Revoluti The works of edmund gunter by gunter, edmund, 15811626. London Printed by WLfor Francis Eglesfield , 1662 Bib Name / NumberWing / G2240 http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/sr-research/e

Scientific Revolution; Information, Bibliography, Resources, Readings, Biography, Sources, Links T H E S C I E N T I F I C R E V O L U T I O N T H E R E S E A C H P A G E - R E S E A R C H R E S O U R C E S Early English Books Online Professor Robert A. Hatch - University of Florida EEBO Early English Books Online EEBO E arly E nglish B ooks O nline, or EEBO , represents one of the premier scholarly resources for scholars, teachers, and students interested in primary printed sources of the Early Modern period, including the Scientific Revolution (Copernicus to Newton). What follows is a detailed introduction and overview of some of the holdings of EEBO . For the convenience of the reader, the titles of available printed works have been arranged chronologically by topic. Some of the categories are, or will appear, anachronistic. These listings are nevertheless intended to provide a clearer idea of the precise holdings of EEBO and to guide and direct potential users of the site. Please note that

63. The Scientific Revolution - Primary Sources & Readings - Opera Omnia & Oeuvres C Translate this page The works of edmund gunter by gunter, edmund, 1581-1626. London Printed by WLfor Francis Eglesfield , 1662 - Bib Name / NumberWing / G2240 - Copy http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/resource-ref-

Scientific Revolution, Biography, Information, Resources, Links to Individuals of the Scientific Revolution T HE S C I E N T I F I C R E V O L U T I O N P R I M A R Y S O U R C E S OPERA OMNIA - OEUVRES COMPLETES PRIMARY PRINTED SOURCES - c.1473 - 1727 Dr Robert A. Hatch - University of Florida GALLICA GALLICA T hanks to the generosity and traditional intelligence of the French nation, the world has for several years now enjoyed free access to some 15 million pages of classics texts, volumes representing the span of history that cut across national boundaries as well as disciplines and themes. The Gallica GALLICA search, retrieval, and download system is simple and free of cost. Users will experience a banquet of possibilities but only a introductory taste of what will unfold in the future. As with other sites, most texts are in PDF format. To search, go to the GALLICA site and click on Recherche . Type in author, title, or search by subject.

64. Gunter Nolte, 1938-2000 gunter Nolte, who recently retired as a professor in the Department of Visual Arts, Following are excerpts from a eulogy delivered by edmund Alleyn, http://www.uottawa.ca/services/markcom/gazette/000331/000331-art05-e.html

Gunter Nolte, who recently retired as a professor in the Department of Visual Arts, died on March 4. Prof. Nolte joined the Department of Visual Arts in 1977 and was chair from 1993 to 1995. He remained on faculty as a part-time guest professor until 1999. Following are excerpts from a eulogy delivered by Edmund Alleyn, former University of Ottawa professor and colleague. About U of O Prospective Students Students Services ... Gazette Archives Printable Version Friday, March 31, 2000 Gunter Nolte, 1938-2000 Gunter Nolte, who recently retired as a professor in the Department of Visual Arts, died on March 4. Prof. Nolte joined the Department of Visual Arts in 1977 and was chair from 1993 to 1995. He remained on faculty as a part-time guest professor until 1999. Following are excerpts from a eulogy delivered by Edmund Alleyn, former University of Ottawa professor and colleague. To speak of Gunter in a few words is difficult, as he himself would probably agree, because he was the sum of many different parts. But what brought all these together was his deep integrity, intellectual generosity and an ever-present sense of wonder with a truly encyclopedic range. He embraced the old world as well as the new. He liked to shuttle between the past and the present. And his vitality could have powered a dozen lives. He loved life and was intent on ordering and recording as many of its sensations, moments and highlights as possible. His many notes on various subjects — on his university life, on his activity as an artist, on the places and moments of enjoyable leisure — are all documented with the photographs of a thousand memories, as if it were possible to live and re-live all simultaneously.

65. Winter 1999  Newsletter and mathematician named edmund gunter designed a more useful chain . gunter,being number oriented, devised a system of land measurement around his http://emengineers.com/Newsletters/winter_1999_newsletter.htm

Winter 1999 Newsletter Contents Gunter and the Chain Gang Super Pave - What's New? New Federal Stormwater Management Rules Gunter and the Chain Gang by James A. Nearhood, PLS Try to think of a contraption to make your life easier, do your survey work faster and with more precision. After all a 16 1/2 foot wooden stick is very cumbersome in the country side. One of these sticks was called a perch, it has also been called a pole or a rood and most recently in the U.S. as a rod. The answer came in the form of a metal chain. The first 16 1/2 foot chain with one hundred links came about in England around 1620. Shortly thereafter an English inventor and mathematician named Edmund Gunter designed a more useful "chain". Gunter, being number oriented, devised a system of land measurement around his "chain": 1. One Perch = 25 links = 162 ft. 2. Four Perches = a chain of 100 links = 66ft. 3. 80 Chains = one English mile = 5280 ft. 4. 10 Sq. Chains = one acre = 43560 sq. ft. This system worked very well in early America with the vast expanses of land to be surveyed in that acreage was easy to compute. Just multiply length times width in chains and links (1/100th of a chain) to obtain the number of square chains, then move the decimal point to the left one digit for the amount of acres. Example: 20.68 chains x 40.17 chains = 830.72 square chains or 83.072 acres. Another advantage of Gunter's chain was his system of counting links. A round brass tag was placed at the center, 50 link mark, from each end every 10 links was marked with a brass tag with pointed fingers to match the number of 10 link increments.

66. Slide Rules And Other Calculation Tools I Began Collecting Slide 1620 – Interpretation of logarithms into linear scale by edmund gunter. 1624 – Use of two gunter’s scales as first slide rule by edmund Wingate. http://dana.ucc.nau.edu/~wl/William.Hermann.Slide.Rule.htm

67. Bell Book Collection and Use of the Sector edmund gunter was bornin Hertfordshire in 1581 and died in London on December 10, 1626.......gunter, edmund. The http://research.microsoft.com/users/GBell/CyberMuseum_files\Bell_Book_Files\book

Abbott, W.J. A Manual of the Decimal System for the Use of Jewelers etc. Title page loose ID: #B1566.01 LOC: CHM Abdank-Abakanowicz Les Intégraphes Paris, Gauthier-Villars Poor condition ID#: B1551.01 (marked B187.87 and B395.87) LOC: CHM The integraph is a noteworthy development in the history of calculating instruments. While the principle on which it is based was introduced by Coriolis in 1836, it was in 1878 that Abdank-Abakanowitz first developed a practical working model. The integraph is an elaboration and extension of the planimeter, an earlier, simpler instrument used to measure area. It is a mechanical instrument capable of deriving the integral curve corresponding to a given curve. Hence, it is capable of solving graphically a simple differential equation. Sets of partial differential equations are commonly encountered in mathematical physics. Most branches of physics such as aerodynamics, electricity, acoustics, plasma physics, electron-physics and nuclear energy involve complex flows, motions and rates of change which maybe described mathematically by partial differential equations. A well-established example from electromagnetics is the set of partial differential equations known as Maxwell's equations. In practice, differential equations can be difficult to integrate, that is to solve. The integraph is capable of solving only simple differential equations. The need to handle sets of more complex non-linear differential equations, led Vannevar Bush to develop the Differential Analyzer at MIT in the early 1930s. In turn, limitations in speed, capacity and accuracy of the Bush Differential Analyzer provided the impetus for the development of the ENIAC during World War II.

68. Surveyors-interchange.org READ! and mathemitician named edmund gunter designed a more useful chain . gunter,being numberoriented, devised a system of land measurement around his http://www.surveyors-interchange.org/gunter.html

69. Science In The 19th Century Periodical Close View the register entry and that the gunter s gunter, edmund (1581–1626)DSB Close View the register entry scale . http://www.sciper.org/browse/PU1-23.html

Home Browse Search SciPer Index ... Introduction Volume 23 (July to December 1852) Issue 572 (26 June 1852) Expand Contract Punch Senile Acuteness Anon Genre: News-Commentary, Drollery Subjects: Geology, Education ^^ Back to the top of this issue Issue 573 (3 July 1852) Expand Contract Punch The Gin Palace, or the Crystal Palace on Sunday? A Prose Canticle Anon Genre: Essay, Drollery Subjects: Architecture, Natural Theology, Design, Education, Religious Authority Discussing the idea of opening the Crystal Palace Crystal Palace Close on Sundays, points out that the building 'will contain wonders of creation' which can help preachers demonstrate 'the benevolence, justice and wisdom, presiding over the universe'. Suggests that some 'heterodox wretch might even propose to have services, in the spirit of the Bridgewater treatises Chalmers, Thomas The Bridgewater Treatises on the Power, Wisdom and Goodness of God as Manifested in the Creation , 12 vols, London: William Pickering Close ' in the building 'amidst objects which would certainly afford the strongest evidences of the principles asserted in those volumes'. Punch Tapping a Beer Barrel for the Truth Anon Genre: News-Commentary, Drollery

70. NMAH | Surveying & Geodesy | Gunter Chain In 1620, an English mathematician and astronomer named edmund gunter describeda surveyor s chain with 100 links, measuring 66 feet (22 yards or 4 poles) http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/surveying/object.cfm?recordnumber=7616

71. Smart Computing Article - Who’s Who In Computing gunter, edmund (15811626) British mathematician and astronomer who createdvarious measuring instruments that bear his name, including gunter s Line of http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/r03

72. Les Hommes Des Unités : Edmund Gunter Translate this page http://www.utc.fr/~tthomass/Themes/Unites/Hommes/gun/Gunter.html

73. Les Hommes Des Unités : Edmund Gunter-3 Translate this page http://www.utc.fr/~tthomass/Themes/Unites/Hommes/gun/Gunter_3.html

74. Slide Rules edmund gunter soon reduced the effort by drawing a number line in which thepositions of numbers were proportional to their logs. http://www.hpmuseum.org/sliderul.htm

The Museum of HP Calculators Slide Rules In 1614, John Napier discovered the logarithm which made it possible to perform multiplications and divisions by addition and subtraction. (ie: a*b = 10^(log(a)+log(b)) and a/b = 10^(log(a)-log(b)).) This was a great time saver but there was still quite a lot of work required. The mathematician had to look up two logs, add them together and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter soon reduced the effort by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. The scale started at one because the log of one is zero. Two numbers could be multiplied by measuring the distance from the beginning of the scale to one factor with a pair of dividers, then moving them to start at the other factor and reading the number at the combined distance. Picture of a 2 foot Gunter scale (~110K) The yellow spots are brass inserts to provide wear resistance at commonly used points. Closeup on the Gunter scale (~72K) Soon afterwards, William Oughtred simplified things further by taking two Gunter's lines and sliding them relative to each other thus eliminating the dividers.

75. THE CONSERVATION GLOSSARY Urban Conservation Glossary, gunter’s chain. the change to metrication wasthe surveyors chain or gunter’s chain after edmund gunter (15811626). http://www.trp.dundee.ac.uk/research/glossary/gunters.html

Glossary Home Gunter’s chain - the basic measuring tool for land surveying until the change to metrication was the surveyors chain or "Gunter’s chain" after Edmund Gunter (1581-1626). 66 feet or 22 yards it is the length of a cricket pitch. One chain square is one - tenth of an acre. The chain has 100 links and every ten links there is a brass tally. See measured survey Notice Report any problems with this page to the webmaster Last modified Monday February 21 2005

76. Maths Collection, Special Collections Department - University Of Strathclyde Lib Illustrated title page from The works of edmund gunter, Illustrated title pagefrom The works of edmund gunter, 5th ed. London Printed by AC for F. http://www.lib.strath.ac.uk/speccoll/gunter.htm

University of Strathclyde Library About the Library AskUS Catalogue Electronic Library Services ... ITS Maths Collection - list of titles in this collection Illustrated title page from The works of Edmund Gunter, 5th ed. London : Printed by A.C. for F. Eglesfield, 1673. Contact Special Collections Last Modified: August, 2005 Privacy

77. Christ Church Library: Provenance Index gunter, edmund, 15811626. Guvet, Monsieur, 17th cent. HDL Hales, John, 1646 or7-1677.* Hall, Charles Henry, 1762 or 3-1827.* http://www2.chch.ox.ac.uk/library/public/provindex.html

This list contains names found in Christ Church books catalogued on OLIS , the Oxford University online union catalogue. Additional information on book provenances may also be found in old catalogues, shelflists and library accounts held in Library Records Names may be present in books for a variety of reasons. It was the custom for many years for members of the House to present books to the Library on graduation , and such donations were often recorded in inscriptions. In these cases, the books were unlikely ever to have been in the personal library of the donor, who may have given money for their purchase rather than the books themselves. The presence of more famous names may record presentations by authors of one of their works, either to the library itself or to a previous owner. A proportion of these names represents former owners of the books, which later made their way by bequest, donation or purchase to the library at Christ Church. Finally, there are a small number of names of binders, second-hand booksellers and authors of letters found inside books. Forms of name are taken where possible from the Library of Congress Name Authority File, supplemented by Joseph Foster's

78. Livre.inventeur.info/search-inventeur.php3?mots=Ed Stories, Listed by AuthorGRIMLEY, V. edmund (chron.) * Wonder Camera Films Nature’s Secrets, gunter,PHIL (chron.) * Football is a Grand Life (with Peter West), http://livre.inventeur.info/search-inventeur.php3?mots=Edmund Gunter

79. Guniting Pneumatically Applied Portland Cement Mortar, Or Gunite Named after edmund gunter (15811626), English mathematician and astronomer, whoinvented the device about 1620. Synchain; pole chain. AGI. gurhofite http://www.maden.hacettepe.edu.tr/dmmrt/dmmrt529.html

80. Edmund Irish, Mayor Of Oxford edmund Irish (or Irysshe/Iryshe/Jerishe) (d.1556) was an Oxford mercer, between a tenement of Richard gunter on the west and a tenement of Oriel College http://www.headington.org.uk/oxon/mayors/1485_1603/irish_edmund_1543_1544_1550_1

Edmund Irish Mayor of Oxford 1543/4, 1544.5, 1550/1, 1554/5 Edmund Irish (or Irysshe/Iryshe/Jerishe) (d.1556) was an Oxford mercer, later a vintner. He was first elected on to the Common Council in September 1522, and was appointed one of the two bailiffs in September 1527. On 19 November that year both bailiffs were imprisoned by the Commissary of the University for refusing three days earlier to summon in the Guildhall of Oxford a jury of 18 men "to make inquisition according to the King's privileges" before the said Commissary in his role as Clerk of the Market. Irish (the senior bailiff) was sent to the Castle, and the junior bailiff to the Bocardo. Irish married Mrs Margaret Cogan, the widowed daughter of Edward Woodward , but they had no children. On 8 April 1539 Irish and his wife Margaret were granted a lease by the Council of "voyd ground in the parish of St. Peter in the Baylye for 60 years, at an annual rent of 3s. 4d. In 1540 Irish was elected an Alderman. On 30 July 1542 Thomas Yonge, a gentleman of London, and his wife Veniera granted to Edmund Irish and his wife Margaret, "to have and to hold for ever":

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