41. Porträt - Christian Goldbach Translate this page Porträt christian goldbach. goldbach wurde in Königsberg als Sohn eines Pfarrers1690 geboren. Er studierte Jura und beschäftige sich nebenbei mit http://www.zahlenjagd.at/goldbach.html

Porträt: Christian Goldbach Goldbach wurde in Königsberg als Sohn eines Pfarrers 1690 geboren. Er studierte Jura und beschäftige sich nebenbei mit Mathematik, insbesondere Zahlentheorie. Goldbach war viel auf Reisen (Nordeuropa, Österreich, Italien) und es gelang Ihm dabei immer wertvolle Bekanntschaften zu machen. Es war geschätzter Gesprächs- oder Briefpartner von D.Bernoulli und Euler. Dieser Briefwechsel dauerte fast 20 Jahre und zählt mit fast 200 Briefen zu einem der wichtigsten wissenschafts-geschichtlichen Dokumente im 18.Jahrhundert. Goldbach war seit 1725 erster Konferenzsekretär der gerade gegründeten Petersburger Akademie. Von 1728-1732 weilte er am Hof in Moskau, zeitweise als Erzieher des jungen Prinzen Peter (später Zar Peter II). Ab 1734 war er wieder in Petersburg und ab 1742 nahm er einen Dienst im Auswärtigen Ministerium in Moskau an - war aber fast immer in Petersburg. Von Ihm ist heute noch eine zahlentheoretische Vermutung sehr bekannt, die er am 7.Juni 1742 in einem Brief an Euler erstmals mitteilte (siehe Abbildung). Jede gerade Zahl größer oder gleich 4 ist als Summe zweier Primzahlen darstellbar.

42. Goldbach's Conjecture In his famous letter to Leonhard Euler dated June 7th 1742, christian Goldbachfirst conjectures that every number that is a sum of two primes can be http://www.mathstat.dal.ca/~joerg/res/g-en.html

Diese Seite auf Deutsch Introduction Historic computations Computational process Results ... Publication Introduction In his famous letter to Leonhard Euler dated June 7th 1742, Christian Goldbach first conjectures that every number that is a sum of two primes can be written as a sum of "as many primes as one wants". Goldbach considered 1 as a prime and gives a few examples. On the margin of his letter, he then states his famous conjecture that every number is a sum of three primes: This is easily seen to be equivalent to that every even number is a sum of two primes which is referred to as the (Binary) Goldbach Conjecture . Its weaker form, the Ternary Goldbach Conjecture states that every odd number can be written as a sum of three primes. The ternary conjecture has been proved under the assumption of the truth of the generalized Riemann hypothesis and remains unproved unconditionally for only a finite (but yet not computationally coverable) set of numbers. Although believed to be true, the binary Goldbach conjecture is still lacking a proof. . The program was distributed to various workstations. It kept track of maximal values of the smaller prime p in the minimal partition of the even numbers, where a minimal partition is a representation 2n = p + q with 2n - p' being composite for all p'

43. Famous Mathematicians. Gottfried Wilhelm 16461716 Bernoulli, Johann 1667-1748 Machin, John 1680-1751Bernoulli, Nikolaus 1687-1759 goldbach, christian 1690-1764 Stirling, http://home.egge.net/~savory/maths6.htm

Pre-Einstein famous mathematicians. Stu Savory, 2004. If you ask people these days to name a famous mathematician, surveys show the most popular answer to be Albert Einstein . Einstein himself used to like to quote Sir Isaac Newton's famous humble line "If I have seen further than other men, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." So I asked myself, who were these giants, i.e. famous pre-Einstein mathematicians. Here's the list of the top 100 or so, sorted chronologically. How many do you know? That means you can state what they were famous for, off the cuff, no googling! If you score below 30 you need to do some revision :-) Ahmes c. 1650 B C Pythagoras c.540 BC Hippocrates c.440 BC (that's Hippocrates of Chios, NOT the physician who lived around the same time). Plato c.430-c.349 BC Hippias c.425 BC Theaetetus c.417-369 BC Archytas c.400 B C Xenocrates 396-314 BC Theodorus c.390 BC Aristotle 384-322 BC Menaechmus c.350 BC Euclid c.300 BC Archimedes c.287-212 BC Nicomedes c.240 BC Eratosthenes Gauss , Karl Friedrich 1777-1855 Brianchon, Charles c.1783-1864 Binet, Jacques-Philippe-Marie 1786-1856 Möbius, August Ferdinand 1790-1868 Babbage, Charles 1792-1871 Laine, Gabriel 1795-1870 Steiner, Jakob 1796-1863 de Morgan, Augustus 1806-1871 Liouville, Joseph 1809-1882 Shanks, William 1812-1882 Catalan, Eugene Charles 1814-1894 Hermite, Charles 1822-1901 Riemann, Bemard 1826-1866 Venn, John 1834-1923 Lucas, Edouard 1842-1891 Cantor, George 1845-1918 Lindemann, Ferdinand 1852-1939 Hilbert, David 1862-1943 Lehmer, D. N. 1867-1938 Hardy, G. H. 1877-1947 Ramanujan, Srinivasa 1887-1920

44. Biography Of Xxxxx christian goldbach was a famous mathematician. He was born on March 18, christian goldbach s first conjecture is that every even number 4 is a sum of http://home.uchicago.edu/~matt1/biogoldb.html

Back to the Table of Contents Biographies of Mathematicians - Goldbach Christian Goldbach was a famous mathematician. He was born on March 18, 1690 in Konigsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia). He died on November 20, 1764 in Moscow, Russia. So he lived to be 74 and 9/12 and 2 days old. In St. Petersburg he became a professor of mathematics and historian. After that, in 1728, he tutored Tsar Peter II in Moscow. He traveled around Europe and met mathematicians. He was able to meet Leibniz, Nicolaus Bernoulli, Nicolaus(2) Bernoulli, de Moivre, Daniel Bernoulli, and Hermann. Goldbach did much of his work in correspondence with Euler. He did some important mathematical work on number theory. One of his best known works is on his conjecture. Goldbach also did some work with infinite sums, the theory of curves, and the theory of equations. The most important facts to remember should be blue-boxed exactly as below. Goldbach's Conjecture Christian Goldbach's first conjecture is that every even number 4 is a sum of two primes. It dates from 1742 and it was discovered in correspondence between Goldbach and Euler. A conjecture based on Goldbach's original conjecture is that every odd number 6 is equal to the sum of three primes. The most important facts to remember should be blue-boxed exactly as below.

45. Math Trek: Goldbach Computations, Science News Online, Oct. 11, 2003 In 1742, historian and mathematician christian goldbach (1690–1764) wrote a letterto Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) in which he suggested, in effect, http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20031011/mathtrek.asp

Science News Books. Subscribe to Science News ... Science News for Kids Math Trek Goldbach Computations Food for Thought Wash Those Hands! Science Safari Moral Sense TimeLine 70 Years Ago in Science News Science News e-LETTER. ... Week of Oct. 11, 2003; Vol. 164, No. 15 Goldbach Computations Ivars Peterson In 1742, historian and mathematician Christian Goldbach (1690–1764) wrote a letter to Leonhard Euler (1707–1783) in which he suggested, in effect, that every integer greater than 5 is the sum of three prime numbers. A prime number is evenly divisible only by itself and 1. Nowadays, Goldbach's conjecture is expressed in the following equivalent form: Every even number larger than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers. Despite centuries of effort, no one has yet been able to prove Goldbach's conjecture. Progress has been slow. In recent years, mathematicians and other researchers have turned to computers to test the conjecture against larger and larger even numbers. In 2000, Jörg Richstein of the University of Giessen verified the conjecture up to 4 x 10 Now, Tomás Oliveira e Silva of the University of Aveiro in Portugal and his coworkers have verified the Goldbach conjecture up to 6 x 10

46. Math Trek: Goldbach's Prime Pairs, Science News Online, Aug. 19, 2000 In a letter written in 1742 to Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), the historian andmathematician christian goldbach (1690–1764) expressed the belief that every http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20000819/mathtrek.asp

Science News Books. Subscribe to Science News ... Science News for Kids Math Trek Goldbach's Prime Pairs Food for Thought Chocolate Therapies (with recipe for Janet’s Chocolate Medicinal Mousse Pie) Science Safari Earth Views TimeLine 70 Years Ago in Science News Science News e-LETTER. ... Week of Aug. 19, 2000; Vol. 158, No. 8 Goldbach's Prime Pairs Ivars Peterson Like the elements in chemistry, prime numbers serve as building blocks in the mathematics of whole numbers. Evenly divisible only by themselves and one, primes are a rich source of speculative ideas that mathematicians often find simple to state but difficult to prove. The Goldbach conjecture is a prime example of such a conundrum. In a letter written in 1742 to Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), the historian and mathematician Christian Goldbach (1690–1764) expressed the belief that every integer greater than 5 is the sum of three primes. (See the letter at http://www.euler2007.com/Letter_1742-Mathematics.htm Euler replied, pointing out that Goldbach's statement is equivalent to the conjecture that every even integer greater than or equal to 4 is the sum of two primes. He went on to note, "that every even number is a sum of two primes, I consider an entirely certain theorem in spite of that I am not able to demonstrate it." Progress in proving the Goldbach conjecture has been slow. In the best effort to date, Chen Jing-Run proved in 1966 that beyond some large number, every even integer may be written as the sum of a prime number and a number that is either a prime or a product of two primes.

47. Mathematical Mysteries: The Goldbach Conjecture christian goldbach (16901764) was a Prussian amateur mathematician and historianwho lived in St Petersburg and Moscow. He made his conjecture in a letter http://plus.maths.org/issue2/xfile/

about Plus support Plus ... Plus search plus with google home latest issue explore the archive ... news Permission is granted to print and copy this page on paper for non-commercial use. For other uses, including electronic redistribution, please contact us. Issue 2 May 1997 Contents Features Call routing in telephone networks Agner Krarup Erlang (1878 - 1929) Testing Bernoulli: a simple experiment Are the polls right? ... What mathematicians get up to Career interview Student interviews Career interview - Accountant Regulars Plus puzzle Pluschat Mystery mix Letters Staffroom New GCE AS/A-level Cores The Open Learning Foundation Mathematics Working Group Running before we can walk? Delegate's diary: CAL97 ... posters! May 1997 Regulars Mathematical mysteries: the Goldbach conjecture Prime numbers provide a rich source of speculative mathematical ideas. Some of the mystical atmosphere that surrounds them can be traced back to Pythagoras and his followers who formed secret brotherhoods in Greece, during the 5th Century BC. The Pythagoreans believed that numbers had spiritual properties. The discovery that some numbers such as the square root of 2 cannot be expressed exactly as the ratio of two whole numbers was so shocking to Pythagoras and his followers that they hushed up the proof! Today, prime numbers are fascinating but they are also of commercial importance, since the best commercial and military ciphers depend on their properties. (See "

48. Gold For Goldbach In Issue 2 of Plus, we introduced you to goldbach s Conjecture, the speculationby mathematician christian goldbach in a 1742 letter to Leonhard Euler that http://plus.maths.org/issue11/news/Goldbach/

about Plus support Plus ... Plus search plus with google home latest issue explore the archive ... news Permission is granted to print and copy this page on paper for non-commercial use. For other uses, including electronic redistribution, please contact us. Latest news Not just knots: the secrets of khipu The Inka way of counting Machine prose A computer program that can learn languages A new time machine Take a journey to the limits of common sense Gene-ius The search for the maths gene Networks: nasty and nice Maths brings down the Mafia The artist's fractal fingerprint Fractal geometry can identify Jackson Pollock's paintings Plus... more news from the world of maths Explore the news archive Subscribe to our free newsletter Get the ... posters! June 2000 News Gold for Goldbach In Issue 2 of Plus , we introduced you to Goldbach's Conjecture , the speculation by mathematician Christian Goldbach in a 1742 letter to Leonhard Euler that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two (not necessarily different) prime numbers. (An alternative way of expressing this is that every even integer greater than 4 can be expressed as the sum of two odd primes). To give Euler some credit, in fact in his letter Goldbach expressed the belief that "Every integer

49. INDEX OF NAMES goldbach, christian (Russia, 16901764) and polynomials for primes, 909 Golomb,Solomon W. (USA, 1932- ) and nonlinear shift registers, 878 http://www.wolframscience.com/nksonline/index/names/f-j.html?SearchIndex=Hilbert

50. Gh-Gz goldbach, christian (Russia, 16901764) and polynomials for primes, 909 goldbach sConjecture, 135, 911 stated in Peano arithmetic, 1162 http://www.wolframscience.com/nksonline/index/gh-gz.html

INDEX A B C D ... F G H I J K ... G-Gi Gh-Gz Gh-Gz Gibbs, J. Willard (USA, 1839-1903) and statistical mechanics, Gibbs phenomenon and experimental math, and image compression, Gibbs-Thomson effect GIF compression Gila monster pigmentation pattern of, Gilbreth, Frank B. (USA, 1868-1924) and causal networks, Gilbreth, Lillian E. M. (USA, 1878-1972) and causal networks, Gilgamesh, Epic of Ginger leaves Giraffe pigmentation pattern of, Girth of networks, Glaisher, James W. L. (England, 1848-1928) and binomials mod k, Glare filters (polarizers) Glass (material) as amorphous material, fracture in, Gleick, James W. (USA, 1954- ) and chaos theory, Glider gun in code 1329, in Game of Life, in rule 110, Gliders in continuous CAs, and emulation of Nand, in Game of Life, in rule 110, see also Localized structures Global minima Global Positioning System see GPS Globular clusters and thermodynamics, Glueballs (in QCD) Gluons (in QCD) confinement of, Glycerine viscosity of

51. Biographie : Christian Goldbach (18 Mars 1690 - 20 Novembre 1764) Translate this page christian goldbach (18 mars 1690 - 20 novembre 1764). christian goldbach est unmathématicien et historien russe. Il fut notamment le tuteur du tsar Peter http://www.bibmath.net/bios/index.php3?action=affiche&quoi=goldbach

52. IPC Swimming 2002 World Swimming Championships Final Results 4 goldbach, christian 25 Germany 241.18 238.80 5 Kymoundris, Antonios 43 Greece252.39 245.55 6 Kaplanis, Nikolaos 29 Greece 304.24 259.42 http://www.ipcswimming.org/wsc/day6.html

IPC Swimming 2002 World Swimming Championships Final Day Results - Men Event 164 Men 50 LC Metre Freestyle S6 IPC: 31.12 * 15/12/2002 Jianhua Yin CHN- Name Age Team Prelim Time Finals Time Finals 1 Yin, Jianhua 32 China 31.75 31.12 * 2 Vidal, Daniel 26 Spain 33.34 31.85 3 Lima, Adriano 29 Brazil 32.26 31.95 4 Andersen, Peter Lund 28 Denmark 33.42 32.60 5 Pavlinec, Daniel 35 Slovenia 33.96 33.12 6 Kindred, Sascha 24 Great Britain 33.88 33.42 7 Silva, Luis 21 Brazil 33.33 33.45 8 Zhang, Zhiqiang 29 China 34.68 34.60 Heats 9 Lee, Seon Wook 24 Korea 35.55 10 Potamitis, Andreas 38 Cyprus 35.84 11 Michaells, Swen 21 Germany 35.89 12 Kokeny, Mihaly 19 Hungary 36.49

53. IPC Swimming 2002 World Swimming Championships Final Results Miroslaw 44 Pol 111.11 112.31 3 goldbach, christian 25 Ger 117.71 117.414 Pereira, Adriano 41 Bra 121.82 119.80 5 Franek, Vojtech 27 Cze 121.86 http://www.ipcswimming.org/wsc/day4.html

IPC Swimming 2002 World Swimming Championships Day 4

54. BFV Ascota Chemnitz E.V./Abteilung Schwimmen DBS - Aktuelle Ergebnisse Paralympi Translate this page christian goldbach, BV Leipzig, 200m Freistil, S2, 528,96 min goldbach,christian S3 Iwanow, Sebastian S6 Grunenberg, Niels SB5 Michaelis, Swen S6 http://www.bfv-ascota.de/bfv/html/paralympics04.htm

Wettkampfergebnisse der Deutschen Schwimmer -Paralympics Athen 2004 Gold: Daniel Clausner, BFV Ascota Chemnitz, 200m Lagen, S13, 2:24,40 min 100m Brust, S13, 1:12,09 min Christoph Burkard, BSG Rottweil, 400m Freistil, S8, 4:40,30 min Kirsten Bruhn, PSV Neumünster, 100m Brust, SB5, 1:52,81 min Annke Conradi, DJK Rergensburg, 50m Rücken, S3, 1:04,88 min Silbermedaillen: Annke Conradi, DJK Regensburg, 100m Freistil, S3, 2:16:24 min Natalie Ball, PSV Greifswald, 100m Brust, S11, 1:32,98 min 100m Freistil, S11, 1:13,25 min 50m Freistil, S11, 0:33,32 min Kirsten Bruhn, PSV Neumünster, 100m Rücken, S7, 1:29,46 min 50m Freistil, S7, 0:34,92 min Christopher Küken, Magdeburg, 400m Freistil, S8, 4:47,66 min Claudia Hengst, BSV München, 400m Freistil, S10, 4:53,55 min Bronzemedaillen: Swen Michaelis, BFV Ascota Chemnitz, 200m Lagen, SM6, 3:03,42 min Maria Götze, BFV Ascota Chemnitz, 200m Lagen, SM6, 3:25:38 min Claudia Hengst, BSV München, 100m Schmetterling, S10, 1:14,66 min 200m Lagen, SM10, 2:45,57 min

55. Behindertensportverein Leipzig EV Translate this page goldbach, christian 100R 0246,24 Silber. goldbach, christian 50F 0121,81 5.goldbach, christian 50R 0120,65 12. goldbach, christian 100F 0247,34 Bronze http://www.bvleipzig.de/SCHWIMMEN/WK/Dkm04/DKM04_START.htm

56. Matematikusok Arcképcsarnoka goldbach, christian (1690.03.18. 1764.12.01.) goldbach-sejtés, amelyet minda mai napig nem sikerült bizonyítani. goldbach volt az, aki felhívta Euler http://www.sulinet.hu/ematek/html/goldbach.html

Goldbach, Christian Német matematikus, az oroszországi szentpétervári Akadémia tagja volt. Königsbergben (ma Kalinyingrád) született. Munkásságáról: Fõ szakterülete a számelmélet, a differenciálegyenletek és a sorok elmélete volt. 1742-ben írta Euler -nek, hogy szerinte minden 3-nál nagyobb természetes szám elõállítható három prímszám összegeként. Euler válaszában leírta, hogy ennek bizonyításához elegendõ lenne belátni, hogy minden páros szám felbontható két prím szám összegére Ez az ún. Goldbach-sejtés , amelyet mind a mai napig nem sikerült bizonyítani. Goldbach volt az, aki felhívta Euler figyelmét arra, hogy a Fermat egyik állítása hibás, miszerint a 2 n + 1 számok mindig prímek , ha n = 2 k . Ezek után Euler be is bizonyította, hogy n = 32 = 2 esetén a 2 + 1 szám nem prím. fel vissza fõmenü

57. Goldbach's Conjecture then there are only a finite number of exceptions. A slightly different formof these conjectures was originally posed by christian goldbach, in 1742. http://www.jimloy.com/number/goldbach.htm

Return to my Mathematics pages Go to my home page Goldbach's Conjecture The modern version of Goldbach's Conjecture (called Goldbach's Strong Conjecture) is this: Every even number greater than 2 is the sum of two primes. Let's try a few: The conjecture is looking safe so far. Not only is each even number the sum of two primes, but the number of pairs of primes tends to increase. This trend seems to continue. But no one has ever proved that this goes on forever. All of the even number up to 400,000,000,000 have been tested, so far, with no exceptions found. Mathematicians have achieved some results in their efforts to prove (or disprove) this conjecture. In 1966, J. R. Chen showed that every sufficiently large even number is either the sum of two primes or of a prime and a near prime. A near prime is a number that is the product of two primes, like 91=7x13 or 4=2x2. No one knows just how large "sufficiently large" is. There is another Goldbach Conjecture, that every odd number greater than 5 is the sum of three primes. This is known as the Weak Goldbach Conjecture. This too has not been proved or disproved. It has been shown that if there are exceptions, then there are only a finite number of exceptions. A slightly different form of these conjectures was originally posed by Christian Goldbach, in 1742. Incidentally, if either Goldbach Conjecture is ever proven, then that would also prove that there are infinitely many primes. But we already knew that. See

58. Goldbach Weave Every number that is greater than 2 is the sum of three primes. christian goldbach The warp and the weft combine to weave the pattern of the goldbach http://www.andywardley.com/misc/goldbach.html

Goldbach Weave http://wardley.org/misc/goldbach.html Miscellaneous Commmercial Email Home ... Killing Music wardley.org web Goldbach Weave Prime Numbers Goldbach's conjecture relates to a branch of mathematics known as number theory which deals with prime numbers . A prime number is a number that cannot be divided by any other number except 1 and the number itself. 13 is a prime number, for example, because it can only be divided by 1 (to get 13) or by 13 (to get 1). 15 is not a prime number, being divisible by both 3 and 5. Note that when we talk about numbers here we really mean whole numbers (known as integers or natural numbers). Of course it is possible to divide any number by any other number, but we're only interested in results that don't leave any fractions. For example, you can divide 15 by 6, for example, but you end up with 2.5 (2 ). That's clearly not an integer so it doesn't interest us here. Goldbach's original conjecture (known as the "ternary" Goldbach conjecture) was stated in a letter he wrote to Euler in 1742: Every number that is greater than 2 is the sum of three primes Christian Goldbach In this case he was treating the number 1 as a prime number but we no longer follow that convention today. Euler re-stated it in the more familiar form now known as the "binary" or "strong" Goldbach conjecture:

59. Christian Kühni, 3432 Goldbach BE - Elektriker, Elektroinstallateur, Elektroins Translate this page christian Kühni, 3432 goldbach BE - elektriker, elektroinstallateur,elektroinstallationen, elektromonteur, netzwerkinstallateur, telefoninstallateur http://www.swissguide.ch/de/Elektriker/Goldbach-BE/571066_christiankhni.html

Mit über 680'000 Geschäftstellen das umfassende und aktuelle Firmenverzeichnis der Schweiz Branche, Firma, Produkt, Service oder Marke PLZ oder Ort Swissguide-ID: 571066 Alpenstrasse 10 3432 Goldbach BE Telefon: Fax: http://www.kuehni-elektro.ch Beschreibung: Elektrische Installationen Electrical installations Rechtsform: Einzelfirma Mitarbeiter: Rubriken: - elektriker - elektroinstallateur - elektroinstallationen - elektromonteur - netzwerkinstallateur - telefoninstallateur Branchen: - Elektroinstallation Produkte: - Elektroinstallationen - Elektrische Installationen

60. PlanetMath: Goldbach's Conjecture The conjecture was first proposed in a 1742 letter from christian goldbach toEuler and still remains unproved. goldbach s conjecture is owned by drini. http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/GoldbachsConjecture.html

(more info) Math for the people, by the people. Encyclopedia Requests Forums Docs ... Random Login create new user name: pass: forget your password? Main Menu sections Encyclop¦dia Papers Books Expositions meta Requests Orphanage Unclass'd Unproven ... Classification talkback Polls Forums Feedback Bug Reports downloads Snapshots PM Book information News Docs Wiki ChangeLog ... About Goldbach's conjecture (Conjecture) The conjecture states that every even integer is expressible as the sum of two primes In 1966 Chen proved that every sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of a prime and a number with at most two prime divisors Vinogradov proved that every sufficiently large odd number is a sum of three primes. In 1997 it was shown by J.-M. Deshouillers, G. Effinger, H. Te Riele, and D. Zinoviev that assuming Generalized Riemann Hypothesis every odd number can be represented as sum of three primes. The conjecture was first proposed in a 1742 letter from Christian Goldbach to Euler and still remains unproved. "Goldbach's conjecture" is owned by drini full author list owner history view preamble View style: HTML with images page images TeX source See Also: prime Cross-references: Euler odd number generalized Riemann hypothesis odd ... conjecture There are 4 references to this object.

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