21. Recherche : Germain%20Sophie germain sophie , Certification IDDN Sophie Germain, une femme auxmarges de la communauté scientifique. p. 18-54. http://publimath.irem.univ-mrs.fr/cgi-bin/publimath.pl?r=Germain Sophie

22. Sophie_Germain ImageMattehistorie germain.jpg frame Sophie Germain One significant item isthe concept of the Sophie Germain prime, which is a prime number p http://copernicus.subdomain.de/Sophie_Germain

Suche: Main Page '''Marie-Sophie Germain''' ( April 1 June 27 ) was a French mathematician She was born to a middle-class merchant family in Paris France , and began studying mathematics at age thirteen, despite her parents' strong attempts to dissuade her from engaging in a 'men's profession'. Several years later, she managed to get some lecture notes from several courses at �cole Polytechnique , a school which did not admit women. Germain was particularly interested in Joseph-Louis Lagrange 's teachings and submitted papers and assignments under the pseudonym "Monsieur Le Blanc", a former student of Lagrange's. Lagrange was so impressed by the paper that he asked to meet Le Blanc, and Germain was forced to reveal her identity to him. Lagrange apparently considered her a talented mathematician and became her mentor. In she began corresponding with Carl Friedrich Gauss , again using her pseudonym, after reading his famous '' Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ). He eventually learned her true identity in , when Napoleon Bonaparte was invading Prussia and Gauss's birthplace

23. Plaza Of Heroines - Sophie Germain Sophie Germain. Paver Area 22. Sophie Germain (17761831) is especially associatedwith research in acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. http://www.las.iastate.edu/kiosk/2434.shtml

Search Plaza of Heroines Plaza of Heroines Last Name Index A B C D ... Z Sophie Germain Paver Area 22 Sophie Germain (1776-1831) is especially associated with research in acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. A Parisienne, she learned calculus from books and then from a correspondence course with the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris; women were not allowed to attend classes at the school. She produced several memoirs on vibrating plates. She corresponded with eminent mathematicians under the male pseudonym M. Leblanc in order to hide her sex. Ultimately she became well-known. The great mathematician Gauss recommended her for an honorary doctorate from the University of Gottingen, but she died before it was bestowed. 7/1/96 Narrative Updated: 8/29/1995 Honored By: Mathematics Department Ames, Iowa 50011, (515) 294-4111. Published by: University Relations, online@iastate.edu Non-Discrimination Statement and Information Disclosures College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Ames, Iowa 50011-1302 (515) 294-7740 - FAX: (515) 294-7446 Email: las@iastate.edu

24. Klikk - Magasin Om Utdanning Og Læring Sophie Germain, født i Paris, hører med til en typisk tidlig kategori av kvinneligeforskere Hun forble ugift Sophie germain sophie Germain (17761831) http://klikk.ls.no/article.cfm?cat=49&id=867

25. Ateliers D'écriture, SOPHIE GERMAIN, Auteur Pr©sentation de l'©crivain homonyme de la math©maticienne fran§aise, animatrice d'ateliers d'©criture pour enfants et adolescents, auteur dramatique, lectrice et com©dienne de th©¢tre. http://www.sophiegermain.com/

26. Biographie De Germain Vie et oeuvre de la math©maticienne fran§aise. http://www.infoscience.fr/histoire/portrait/germain.html

Accueil Actualités En bref Dossiers ... Archives Histoire des sciences Civilisations Portraits Biographies Sciences en culture Livres Cédéroms Télévision Vidéos ... Expositions Dialogues Forums 6 Chat Notre sélection web Vie des universités Petites annonces Adresses Colloques Vie pratique Pollution Météo Astronomie Unités de mesure ... autres portraits A la veille du XIXe siècle, les femmes n'ont pas souvent la possibilité de faire leurs preuves dans le milieu scientifique. En mathématiques notamment, on encourage bien leur éducation, mais juste assez pour qu'elles puissent tenir leur rôle dans les salons mondains. Certaines cependant réussissent, à force de volonté et d'intelligence, à entrouvrir une porte. Sophie Germain, née à Paris le 1er avril 1776, est l'une d'elles. Une jeune fille déterminée On raconte que c'est à la lecture d'un passage de l' Histoire des mathématiques de Jean-Etienne Montucla que le "coup de foudre" se produit. On est 1789, l'année de la prise de la Bastille. En ces temps agités, Sophie Germain passe de longs moments dans la bibliothèque de son père, un marchand de soie à la situation confortable. Le récit qui frappe tant la jeune fille conte les derniers instants de la vie du savant grec Archimède La légende veut que ce dernier, occupé à résoudre un problème de géométrie, ait ignorer les propos d'un soldat, lequel pour la peine le passa tout bonnement par le fil de l'épée. Frappée qu'on puisse être absorbé au point de se laisser tuer, Sophie décide d'en apprendre un peu plus sur les mathématiques.

27. Sophie Germain And FLT The result now known as sophie germain s Theorem was presented in 1823 by Legendrein a paper to Hence property (1) in sophie germain s theorem is true. http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/germain-FLT/SGandFLT.htm

Sophie Germain and Fermat's Last Theorem Larry Riddle Department of Mathematics Agnes Scott College In the late 1630s, Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) wrote a marginal note in his copy of Claude Bachet's Latin translation of Diophantus's Arithmetica that was to intrigue mathematicians for the next 300 years. "It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a biquadrate into two biquadrates, or in general any power higher than the second into two powers of like degree; I have discovered a truly remarkable proof which this margin is too small to contain." In modern symbolic notation, which Fermat did not have available to him, this claim is known as Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT): x n + y n = z n This challenge problem has received attention of many mathematicians of the highest ability, including Euler, Legendre, Gauss, Abel, Sophie Germain , Dirichlet, Kummer and Cauchy. Quite a list of distinguished mathematicians! It is interesting that Dickson gave the first name of only one person on this list. Perhaps it was because of all the names given, he felt that Sophie Germain would be the least recognized by most readers. But indeed, Sophie Germain was one of the first to provide a partial solution for a large class of exponents. The case n = 4 had been settled by Fermat when he used his method of infinite descent to prove that the area of a right triangle with rational sides is never a perfect square, a condition that is equalivant to the claim that there are no integer solutions to x

28. Germain Biography of sophie germain (17761831) Marie-sophie germain was the middledaughter of Ambroise-François, a prosperous silk-merchant, http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Germain.html

Marie-Sophie Germain Born: 1 April 1776 in Paris, France Died: 27 June 1831 in Paris, France Click the picture above to see five larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Marie-Sophie Germain At the age of thirteen, Sophie read an account of the death of Archimedes at the hands of a Roman soldier. She was moved by this story and decided that she too must become a mathematician. Sophie pursued her studies, teaching herself Latin and Greek. She read Newton and Euler at night while wrapped in blankets as her parents slept - they had taken away her fire, her light and her clothes in an attempt to force her away from her books. Eventually her parents lessened their opposition to her studies, and although Germain neither married nor obtained a professional position, her father supported her financially throughout her life. Lagrange 's lecture course on analysis, using the pseudonym M. LeBlanc, Sophie submitted a paper whose originality and insight made Lagrange look for its author. When he discovered "M. LeBlanc" was a woman, his respect for her work remained and he became her sponsor and mathematical counsellor. Sophie's education was, however, disorganised and haphazard and she never received the professional training which she wanted. Germain wrote to Legendre about problems suggested by his 1798 , and the subsequent Legendre - Germain correspondence became virtually a collaboration.

29. NOVA Online | The Proof NOVA Online presents The Proof, including an interview with Andrew Wiles, an essay on sophie germain, and the Pythagorean theorem. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/proof/

For over 350 years, some of the greatest minds of science struggled to prove what was known as Fermat's Last Theorem the idea that a certain simple equation had no solutions. Now hear from the man who spent seven years of his life cracking the problem, read the intriguing story of an 18th century woman mathematician who hid her identity in order to work on Fermat's Last Theorem, and demonstrate that a related equation, the Pythagorean Theorem, is true. Text Proof Home Andrew Wiles ... To print NOVA Online is produced for PBS by the WGBH Science Unit

30. References For Germain References for the biography of sophie germain. LL Bucciarelli, sophiegermain an essay in the history of the theory of elasticity (Dordrecht Boston http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Germain.html

References for Sophie Germain Version for printing Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: G Biedenkapp, Sophie Germain, ein weiblicher Denker (Jena, 1910). L L Bucciarelli, Sophie Germain : an essay in the history of the theory of elasticity (Dordrecht - Boston, Mass., 1980). U Klens, (Pfaffenweiler, 1994). Articles: Historia Math. Scientific American L S Grinstein and P J Campbell (eds.), Women of Mathematics (Westport, Conn., 1987), 47-56. G Micheli, The philosophical works of Sophie Germain (Italian), in Scienza e filosofia (Milan, 1985), 712-729. J H Sampson, Sophie Germain and the Theory of Numbers, Archive for History of Exact Science H Stupuy, Notice sur la vie et les oeuvres de Sophie Germain, Oeuvres philosophiques de Sophie Germain (Paris, 1879), 1-92. C Truesdell, Sophie Germain : fame earned by stubborn error, Boll. Storia Sci. Mat. Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR December 1996 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland

31. Sophie Germain: Revolutionary Mathematician By all accounts, sophie germain was a somewhat withdrawn child. Louis L.Bucciarelli and Nancy Dworsky, 1980 sophie germain An Essay in the History of http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/germain.html

Contents Next Born: Paris, April 1, 1776 Died: Paris, June 26, 1831 Revolutionary Mathematician B y all accounts, Sophie Germain was a somewhat withdrawn child. She was the second of three daughters of a Parisian silk merchant, Ambroise-François Germain. One sister married a government official and the other a physician. Sophie never married, lived at home all her life, and pursued her mathematical studies with what her recent biographers term "limitless passion and devotion." Her first biographer, an Italian mathematician named Libri, is the source of two stories told about Germain that seem to frame her personality. As a 13-year-old, while talk of the Revolution swirled in her household, she withdrew to her father's library. There she read about Archimedes, so engrossed in his mathematical musings that he ignored a Roman invader of Syracuse, who thereupon killed him. She may have seen in Archimedes' mathematics "an environment where she too could live untouched by the confusion of social reality." She studied mathematics on her own, and Libri relates that her parents were so opposed to her behavior that she took to studying at night. They responded by leaving her fire unlit and taking her candles. Sophie studied anyway, swaddled in blankets, by the light of smuggled candles.

32. NOVA Online | The Proof | Math's Hidden Woman Proof menu (see bottom of page for text links), Statue of sophie germain Following is the true story of sophie germain, an 18thcentury woman who http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/proof/germain.html

Math's Hidden Woman Following is the true story of Sophie Germain, an 18th-century woman who assumed a man's identity in order to pursue her passion attempting to prove Fermat's Last Theorem. From FERMAT'S ENIGMA: The Epic Quest to Solve the World's Greatest Mathematical Problem by Simon Singh Published by Walker and Company ISBN 0-8027-1331-9 To order call 1-800-289-2553 Pythagoras' theorem leads to one of the best understood equations in mathematics: x y z There are many whole number solutions to this equation, e.g., In the 17th century the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat set a challenge for future generations of mathematicians prove that there are no whole number solutions for the following closely related family of equations: x y z x y z x y z x y z etc. Although these equations appear similar to Pythagoras' equation, Fermat's Last Theorem claims that these equations have no solutions. The difficulty in proving that this is the case revolves around the fact that there are an infinite number of equations, and an infinite number of possible values for x, y

33. Germain, Sophie (1776-1831) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biograp 100 under certain assumptions (and, in particular, for sophie germain primes . However, germain persisted, even after her parents hid her math books, http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Germain.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality French ... Women Germain, Sophie (1776-1831) French mathematician who did important work on Fermat's last theorem proving it for any primes less than 100 under certain assumptions (and, in particular, for Sophie Germain primes She also contributed to acoustics elasticity and number theory Gauss , under the pen name "Antoine-August Le Blanc." Upon discovering that his gifted correspondent was a women, Gauss wrote a later to Germain stating, "A taste for the abstract sciences in general and above all the mysteries of numbers is excessively rare.... But when a person of the sex which, according to our customs and prejudices, must encounter infinitely more difficulties than men to familiarize herself with these thorny researches, succeeds nevertheless in surmounting these obstacles and penetrating the most obscure parts of them, then without a doubt she must have the noblest courage, quite extraordinary talents and superior genius" (Hoffman 1998, p. 191). Gauss Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews)

34. Germain, Sophie --  Encyclopædia Britannica germain, sophie French mathematician who contributed notably to the study ofacoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9036561

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Additional Reading Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Germain, Sophie  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 2 Sophie Germain born April 1, 1776, Paris, France died June 27, 1831, Paris in full Marie-Sophie Germain French mathematician who contributed notably to the study of acoustics elasticity , and the theory of numbers As a girl Germain read widely in her father's library and then later, using the pseudonym of M. Le Blanc, managed to obtain lecture notes for courses from the newly organized Germain, Sophie...

35. Additional Reading (from Germain, Sophie) --  Encyclopædia Britannica Additional Reading (from germain, sophie) e ty = s Louis L. Bucciarelli /e and e ty = s Nancy Dworsky /e , e sophie germain An Essay in the History http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-2647

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Additional Reading Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Germain, Sophie  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 2 of 2 Additional Reading Louis L. Bucciarelli and Nancy Dworsky Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity (1980), provides abundant details on Germain's contributions to elasticity. Germain, Sophie... (75 of 545 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Germain, Sophie."

36. Malaspina Great Books - Sophie Germain (1776) sophie germain (17761831) was a mathematician born to a middle-class merchantfamily on April 1, 1776 in Paris, France. She began studying mathematics at http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_553.asp

Biography and Research Links: Please wait for Page to Load or Sophie Germain (1776-1831)

37. 2000: Information From Answers.com 2063 sophie germain prime, safe prime; 2069 - sophie germain prime; 2070 -pronic number; 2080 - triangular number; 2093 - Mertens function zero http://www.answers.com/topic/2000-number

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Wikipedia @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/common.css); @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/gnwp.css); (number) Two thousand (2000) is the natural number following 1999 and preceding 2001. List of numbers Integers Cardinal Two thousand Ordinal Two thousandth Factorization Roman numeral MM Binary Hexadecimal See also: millennium , year AD, Two thousand is the highest number expressible using only two unmodified characters in roman numerals (MM). Two thousand is also: In the name of the products Lever 2000 and Grecian 2000 , not to mention Windows 2000 In Star Trek , the registry number of the USS Excelsior, NX-2000 in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock , and NCC-2000 commanded by Hikaru Sulu in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country Selected numbers in the range 2001-2999 sphenic number Sophie Germain prime triangular number Mertens function zero tetrahedral number - sum of the cubes of the first nine integers, 45^2

38. Sophie Germain germain, sophie, sôfe zhermaN Pronunciation Key. germain, sophie , 1776–1831,French mathematician. Although selftaught, she mastered mathematics and http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0820616.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites 2006 TFK Almanac Quiz: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory SpongeBob Lemony Snicket ... Fantasy Books Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Germain, Sophie Pronunciation Key Germain, Sophie , French mathematician. Although self-taught, she mastered mathematics and corresponded with J. L. Lagrange and C. F. Gauss. She is known especially for her study of the vibrations of elastic surfaces. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print See more Encyclopedia articles on: Mathematics: Biographies AD AD AD ADS Business Cards Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy Brought to you by: Information Please

39. Sophie Germain germain, sophie (Marie) (17761831) (The Hutchinson Dictionary of Scientific germain, sophie (The Hutchinson Encyclopedia). OBITUARY sophie Daumier http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0820616.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 1, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricanes Daylight Saving Time Energy Consumption ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Germain, Sophie Pronunciation Key Germain, Sophie , French mathematician. Although self-taught, she mastered mathematics and corresponded with J. L. Lagrange and C. F. Gauss. She is known especially for her study of the vibrations of elastic surfaces.

40. Jp - Poésie - Extraits : Tes Reins Vagues, La Nymphe Phallique, Et Autres Déli Translate this page Jean-Paul germain Poémes Poésies textes et délires, érotisme, Regarder DevantInvestir son nom Amer Aimer Te trouver dans ton nom sophie Et bouger en http://www.germain-s.com/

Partir Partir Prendre le train, l'avion ou à pied Prendre stylo, chapeau, clavier Partir pour ailleurs et meilleur Partir pour partir Partir pour grandir Partir pour s'ouvrir et découvrir Partir pour mieux rester là En équilibre Libre Suite nom = "jp"; domaine = "germain-s.com"; document.write(''); document.write('Email - '); Livre d'Or Mes autres sites Web

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 105    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20