21. Alexander_Friedmann - Lexikon - Alexander_Friedmann - Beschreibung - Physik http://www.physik-lexikon.de/wiki/index.php?title=Alexander_Friedmann

22. Friedmann, Alexander (1888-1925) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Bi friedmann, alexander (18881925). Russian mathematician who developed an evolvingcosmological models independently of Lemaître, which indicated that the http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Friedmann.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality Russian Friedmann, Alexander (1888-1925) Russian mathematician who developed an evolving cosmological models independently of , which indicated that the universe had begun in a " Big Bang " Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews)

23. MSN Encarta - Alexander Friedmann friedmann, alexander (18881925), Russian mathematician and cosmologist who helpeddevelop models that Find more about friedmann, alexander from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761586013/Alexander_Friedmann.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Friedmann, Alexander Friedmann, Alexander (1888-1925), Russian mathematician and cosmologist who helped develop models that explained the development of the universe.... Related Items general theory of relativity model of the universe 6 items Multimedia Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about Friedmann, Alexander from Related Items Other Features from Encarta Cosmology Albert Einstein Relativity Big Bang Theory ... Friedmann, Alexander

24. Friedmann Biography of alexander friedmann (18881925) alexander friedmann s date ofbirth is often given as 29 June. However this is an error which came about in http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Friedmann.html

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Friedmann Born: 16 June 1888 in St Petersburg, Russia Died: 16 Sept 1925 in Leningrad (now St Petersburg again), Russia Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Alexander Friedmann 's date of birth is often given as 29 June. However this is an error which came about in converting the "Old Style" Russian date to the "New Style" date, which requires an addition of 12 days. Rather strangely Friedmann wrongly converted his own date of birth to 17 June (it should have been 4 + 12 = 16). Then, not realising that the date he gave had already been converted, it was converted again (17 + 12 = 29). Friedmann's father was a ballet dancer and his mother was a pianist. However the parents divorced when Alexander was nine years old. Records show that the church sided with the father and Alexander stayed with his father who soon remarried. Alexander entered the Second St Petersburg Gymnasium in August 1897 and his record shows a quite ordinary school performance at first. Soon however Friedmann became one of the top two pupils in his class. The other outstanding pupil was

25. Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman: Information From Answers.com alexander Alexandrovich Friedman or friedmann (? ? ?) (June16 1888 – September 16 1925) was a Russian cosmologist and http://www.answers.com/topic/alexander-alexandrovich-friedman

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman Wikipedia @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/common.css); @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/gnwp.css); Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman June 16 September 16 ) was a Russian cosmologist and mathematician . He discovered the expanding-universe solution to general relativity field equations in , which was proved by Edwin Hubble 's observations in . Friedmann's papers, including "Uber die Moglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krummung des Raumes" (About the possibility of a world with constant negative curvature ) published by the Brussels Academy of Sciences on the 7 January , demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedmann models describing positive, zero and negative curvature respectively, a decade before Robertson and Walker published their analysis. External link Biography http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Friedmann.html

26. Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker: Information From Answers.com subset of the four scientists alexander friedmann, Georges Lemaître, friedmannLemaître-Robertson-Walker is mentioned in the following topics http://www.answers.com/topic/friedmann-lema-tre-robertson-walker

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Friedmann-Lema®tre-Robertson-Walker Wikipedia @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/common.css); @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/gnwp.css); Friedmann-Lema®tre-Robertson-Walker The Friedmann-Lema®tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric describes a homogeneous isotropic expanding/contracting universe . Depending on geographical/historical preferences, this may be referred to under the names of a preferred subset of the four scientists Alexander Friedmann Georges Lema®tre Howard Percy Robertson and Walker, e.g. Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) or Robertson-Walker (RW). The FLRW metric is used as a first approximation for the standard big bang cosmological model of the universe. Because the FLRW assumes homogeneity, some popular accounts mistakenly assert that the big bang model cannot account for the observed lumpiness of the universe. In actuality, the FLRW is used as a first approximation for the evolution of the universe because it is simple to calculate, and models which calculate the lumpiness in the universe are added onto FLRW as extensions. As of 2003 , the theoretical implications of the various extensions to FLRW appear to be well understood, and the goal is to make these consistent with observations from COBE and WMAP The metric can be written as where: a t the scale factor of the universe at time t

27. UQAM | Alexander Friedmann, Professeur http://www.experts.uqam.ca/pages/friedmann.alexander.htm

En bref Recherche International Services ... Presse Alexander Friedmann Professeur intelligence artificielle algorithmique (514) 987-3000, poste 3219 Local PK-4530 friedmann.alexander@uqam.ca Autres fonctions s'il y a lieu Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-ville CANADA Service des communications > lucas.huguette@uqam.ca

28. Friedmann6.html Sixth alexander friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology 28June 3 July 2004 Cargèse. Institut díEtudes Scientifiques de Cargèse http://www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/~cosmo/cargese/

Sixth Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Topics Classical and Quantum Gravity Observational and Theoretical Cosmology Gravitational theory with Extra Dimensions Quantum Effects in Curved Space-time Sponsors Practical Bulletin Place Registration Travel ... Bulletin Science Scope Program Participants Secretary (email) Administration General Local Science Scientific Organizing Committee M. Carmeli (Israel) - T. Damour (France) - N. Deruelle (France) - J. B. da Fonseca (Scientific Secretary, Brazil) B. Geyer (Germany) - Yu. N. Gnedin (Russia)- A. A. Grib (Russia) - G. L. Klimchitskaya (Brazil, Russia) V.N. Melnikov (Russia) - U. Mohideen (USA) - V. M. Mostepanenko (Vice Chairman, Brazil, Russia)- M. Novello (Brazil) - C. Romero (Brazil) - V. de Sabbata (Italy) - R. K. Tavakol (United Kingdom) - R. Triay (Chairman, France)

29. Friedmann6_Scope.html Such a tradition goes back to alexander friedmann. alexander friedmann was bornin St Petersburg (Russia) on 16 June 1888, where he died on 16 Sept 1925. http://www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/~cosmo/cargese/Friedmann6_Scope.html

Sixth Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology Scientific Motivation The scopes of the Friedmann Seminars are traditionally rather wide and include selected topics on classical gravity, observational cosmology, quantum effects in curved space-time, and quantum gravity. Nowadays, thanks to progress in modern astronomy, accurate observations (COBE, Boomerang, WMAP,Ö) enable us to test any theory of the primordial universe. For example, multidimensional gravity and cosmology is a candidate issue for understanding the birth of the universe. Over the past years different unified schemes with extra dimensions have been proposed. Other highlights are on the dark matter, the cosmological constant and the modern inflationary scenarios. Practical : Bulletin Place Registration Travel ... Bulletin Science : Program Participants back to home page

30. Université De Provence - Center For Theoretical Physics Sixth alexander friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology 2) alexander friedmann Laboratory for Theoretical Physics (St. Petersburg, http://www.fisica.ufpb.br/~jfonseca/friedmann/

Sixth Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology Université de Provence - Center for Theoretical Physics Announcement Sixh Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology The Seminar will be held from June 28th to July 3rd, 2004 at Cargèse Institute, Corsica, France, and aims at the continuation of the Friedmann Seminars previously held at St. Petersburg (Russia) and João Pessoa (Brazil). The first Friedmann Seminar in 1988 was dedicated to the centenary anniversary of Alexander Friedmann. The working language of the Seminar is English. Organizers 1) Center for Theoretical Physics, Université de Provence (Marseille, France). 2) Alexander Friedmann Laboratory for Theoretical Physics (St. Petersburg, Russia). Organizing Scientific Committee : M. Carmeli (Israel), T. Damour (France), N. Deruelle (France), J. Fonseca (Scientific Secretary, Brazil), B. Geyer (Germany), Yu. N. Gnedin (Russia), A. A. Grib (Russia), G. L. Klimchitskaya (Brazil, Russia), V.N. Melnikov (Russia), U. Mohideen (USA), V. M. Mostepanenko (Vice-Chairman, Brazil, Russia), M. Novello (Brazil), C. Romero (Brazil), R. K. Tavakol (England), R. Triay (Chairman, France). The Seminar Scopes are Traditionally Rather Wide and Include Selected Topics on 1) Classical gravity.

31. Université De Provence - Center For Theoretical Physics Sixth alexander friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology Williams, F. (USA) Solutions of Einsteinfriedmann equations with scalar http://www.fisica.ufpb.br/~jfonseca/friedmann/participants.html

Sixth Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology Université de Provence - Center for Theoretical Physics Sixth Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology 28.06.04 - 3.07.04, Cargèse, France List of Participants (The preliminary title of the talk is in square brackets) Elizalde, E. (Spain) [Imposing boundary conditions on quantum fields] Dolgov, A. (Italy) [Problems of cosmological constant, dark energy and possible adjustment mechanism] Gnedin, Yu. N. (Russia) [Polarimetric evidence of dark energy and dark matter] Grib, A. (Russia) [On the creation of visible matter and entropy by the gravity of dark matter] Mostepanenko, V. M. (Russia, Brazil) [Non-Newtonian gravity and new constraints on it] Bordag, M. (Germany) [Vacuum energy of string-like backgroud fields] Romero, C. (Brazil) [Recent developments on embedding theories of spacetime] Melnikov, V. (Russia) [Multidimensional cosmological models] Klimchitskaya , G. L. (Russia, Brazil) [Casimir effect as a test for hypothetical long-range interactions] Lukash, V. (Russia)

32. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics » Friedmann [Fridman], Aleksandr [Al friedmann Fridman, Aleksandr alexander Aleksandrovich (1888–1925). DOI10.1888/0333750888/3633; Published November 2000. Icon Full text (PDF, 17K) http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=summary&doc=eaa/3633@eaa-xml

33. Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article alexander Alexandrovich Friedman or friedmann (? ? ?) (June16 1888 – September 16 1925) was a (A federation in northeastern http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/a/al/alexander_alexandrovich_fried

Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman [Categories: Cosmologists, Russian physicists, 20th century mathematicians, Russian mathematicians, 1925 deaths, 1888 births] Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman (A federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state) Russia n (An astronomer who studies the evolution and space-time relations of the universe) cosmologist and (A person skilled in mathematics) mathematician . He discovered the expanding-universe (A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution) solution to (A generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)) general relativity field equations in 1922, which was proved by (United States astronomer who discovered that (as the universe expands) the speed with which nebulae recede increases with their distance (1889-1953)) Edwin Hubble 's observations in 1929. Friedmann's 1924 papers, including "Uber die Moglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krummung des Raumes" (About the possibility of a world with constant negative curvature) published by the Brussels Academy of Sciences on the 7 January 1924, demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedmann models describing positive, zero and negative curvature respectively, a decade before Robertson and Walker published their analysis. External link More Subjects form Category Albert Einstein Edwin Hubble Roger Penrose Stephen Hawking ... Frank J. Tipler

34. Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article for more info and facts about alexander friedmann) alexander friedmann, (Clicklink for more info and facts about Georges Lemaître) Georges Lemaître, http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/f/fr/friedmann-lemaître-roberts

Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker [Categories: Cosmology] The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) (A system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic) metric describes a (Click link for more info and facts about homogeneous) homogeneous (Click link for more info and facts about isotropic) isotropic expanding/contracting (Everything that exists anywhere) universe . Depending on geographical/historical preferences, this may be referred to under the names of a preferred subset of the four scientists (Click link for more info and facts about Alexander Friedmann) Alexander Friedmann (Click link for more info and facts about Georges Lemaître) Georges Lemaître (Click link for more info and facts about Howard Percy Robertson) Howard Percy Robertson and Walker, e.g. Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) or Robertson-Walker (RW). The FLRW metric is used as a first approximation for the standard ((cosmology) the cosmic explosion that is hypothesized to have marked the origin of the universe) big bang cosmological model of the universe. Because the FLRW assumes homogeneity, some popular accounts mistakenly assert that the big bang model cannot account for the observed lumpiness of the universe. In actuality, the FLRW is used as a first approximation for the evolution of the universe because it is simple to calculate, and models which calculate the lumpiness in the universe are added onto FLRW as extensions.

35. Lexikon Alexander Alexandrowitsch Friedmann Juni / 29. Juni 1888 in St. Petersburg; † 16. http://lexikon.freenet.de/Alexander_Friedmann

E-Mail Mitglieder Community Suche ... Hilfe document.write(''); im Web in freenet.de in Shopping Branchen Lexikon Artikel nach Themen alphabetischer Index Artikel in Kategorien Weitere Themen Schock an der Zapf- s¤ule: Benzin so teuer wie noch nie! Tokio Hotel: Harte Jungs oder nur peinliche Poser? IAA: B¶ser Blick an Mazdas neuem Flitzer Sassou Flacher, ultraflach, RAZR: Das Motorola "V3" geht in Serie ... Pleitewelle der Fonds - wen es noch treffen k¶nnte Sie sind hier: Startseite Lexikon Alexander Alexandrowitsch Friedmann Alexander Alexandrowitsch Friedmann Alexander Alexandrowitsch Friedmann russisch ; * 16. Juni / 29. Juni in St. Petersburg 16. September in Petrograd ) war ein russischer Physiker und Mathematiker Albert Einstein ging in seiner allgemeinen Relativit¤tstheorie von einem statischen Universum aus. Dazu musste er in seinen Gleichungen die kosmologische Konstante einf¼hren. Friedmann stellte stattdessen um verschiedene Weltmodelle auf, die ein dynamisches Universum zulieŸen. Er hat damit die Expansion des Universums vorausgesagt, die dann von Edwin Hubble durch astronomische Messungen best¤tigt wurde.

36. Ken Silverstein, Alex Friedmann, Human Rights Watch | US Prisons Are Private Gul CCA has been a major financial supporter of Lamar alexander, the former Tennessee by Alex friedmann. The following article originally appeared in http://www.tagg.org/rants/usprison.html

Prison in the United States of America Free-Enterprise slave labour, racial discrimination and human rights violation in the Gulags of the Land of the Free Home Political Contents Source of information on this page The most Profitable Industry in the US: America's Private Gulag (by Ken Silverstein) Strange Bedfellows: Political corruption in the US Gulag business (by Alex Friedmann) Massive racial discrimination in the US prison business ... Other basic constitutional rights under threat in the USA America's Private Gulag What is the most profitable industry in America? Weapons, oil and computer technology all offer high rates of return, but there is probably no sector of the economy so abloom with money as the privately-run prison industry. Consider the growth of the Corrections Corporation of America, the industry leader whose stock price has climbed from $8 a share in 1992 to about $30 today and whose revenue rose by 81 percent in 1995 alone. Investors in Wackenhut Corrections Corp. have enjoyed an average return of 18 per cent during the past five years and the company is rated by Forbes as one of the top 200 small businesses in the country. At Esmor, another big private prison contractor, revenues have soared from $4.6 million in 1990 to more than $25 million in 1995.

37. Alexander Silberman Institute Of Life Sciences The alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences home Adam friedmann, Ph.D.Professor. Dept. of Genetics Tel. 6585160 Fax. 6586975 http://bio.huji.ac.il/Lec_Details.asp?Lecturer_ID=192

38. Friedmann Equation alexander friedmann of Russia is credited with developing a dynamic equation forthe expanding universe in the 1920s. This was a time when Einstein, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/fried.html

The Friedmann Equation Alexander Friedmann of Russia is credited with developing a dynamic equation for the expanding universe in the 1920s. This was a time when Einstein, Willem de Sitter of the Netherlands, and Georges Lemaitre of France were also working on equations to model the universe. Friedmann developed it as a relativistic equation in the framework of general relativity, but the description here will be limited to a simplified, non-relativistic version. A convenient form of Friedmann's equation with which to examine the expansion time and temperature for a big bang model of the universe is Besides the density and gravitation constant G, the equation contains the Hubble parameter H, a scaling parameter R, and a factor k which is called the curvature parameter . The curvature parameter indicates whether the universe is open or closed. Einstein considered adding another term, the famous (or infamous) cosmological constant which would produce a static universe. Relate to temperature and expansion time Index References Rohlf Ch. 19

39. Biografía De Aleksandre Aleksandrovich Friedmann Translate this page Aleksandre Aleksandrovich friedmann, era un matemático ruso de la Academia alexander entró a estudiar en agosto de 1897 a la escuela del gimnasio de San http://www.astrocosmo.cl/biografi/b-a_friedmann.htm

Aleksandre Friedmann Nacido el 16 de junio de 1888, en San Peterburgo, Rusia Fallecido el 16 de septiembre de1925, en San Peterburgo, Rusia. Aleksandre Aleksandrovich Friedmann , era un matemático ruso de la Academia de Ciencias de Petrogrado, cuya fecha de nacimiento comporta una curiosidad. En efecto, se da a menudo un 29 de junio como el día de su nacimiento, pero ello corresponde a un error ocasionado involuntariamente por el propio Friedmann. Se trata de un error que se originó al convertir la fecha rusa del «viejo estilo» a la fecha de uso general en occidente, para lo cual se requiere una adición de 12 días. Friedmann convirtió incorrectamente su propia fecha de nacimiento al 17 de junio (debió haber sido 4 + 12 = 16). En la fecha que se da como 29 de junio, no se considera que ella ya había sido convertida y se toma como referencia la ya calculada por Friedmann, o sea, 17 + 12 = 29. El padre de Friedmann era bailarín del ballet clásico y su madre era una pianista, pero se divorciaron cuando Alexander tenía nueve años de edad. Los expedientes de la iglesia ortodoxa demuestran que ésta apoyó al padre para que Alexander permaneciera con él, aunque éste se volvió a casar. Alexander entró a estudiar en agosto de 1897 a la escuela del gimnasio de San Petersburgo en agosto de 1897, alcanzando al principio un rendimiento escolar absolutamente normal. Sin embargo, pronto Friedmann se convirtió en uno de los dos mejores estudiantes de su clase. El otro estudiante excepcional era Yakov Tamarkin, también extraordinario matemático. Ambos cultivaron una cercana y gran amistad, casi siempre estuvieron juntos durante sus años de escuela y universidad.

40. Planning Theory -- Sign In Page alexander, ER (1997) ‘A Mile or a Millimeter Measuring the Planning friedmann,J. (1987) Planning in the Public Domain From Knowledge to Action. http://plt.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/2/3/179

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