41. IRANIAN RELIGIONS DUALISM - (CAIS At SOAS) © A similar notion was expressed by his disciple eudemus of rhodes (apud Damascius, p.322; cf. Idem, A Note on the Magi and eudemus of rhodes, in J. http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/cosmology/dualism.htm

University of London Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG United Kingdom Home About CAIS Articles News Update ... Links If you require any further information please contact: Shapour Suren-Pahlav cais@soas.ac.uk IRANIAN COSMOLOGY By: Gherardo Gnoli mainiiu s "spirits" ( Y. 30.5) is at most a "statement regarding their essence" (Bianchi, 1978, p. 376). Nevertheless, the pivotal role of choice in Zoroastrianism has been established by Herman Lommel (pp. 156-65) and others, and Ilya Gershevitch has argued effectively for the ethical character of the gathic opposition between the two spirits (1964, pp. 12-14; cf. Gnoli, 1984, p. 118). The most lucid evaluation of dualism as a fundamental element of the Gathas is that of W. B. Henning: "Any claim that the world was created by a good and benevolent god must provoke the question why the world, in the outcome, is so very far from good. Zoroaster's answer, that the world had been created by a good and The following passage from the Gathas ( Y . 30.3-4) is fundamental to understanding Iranian dualism: "The two primeval Spirits (

42. Persia Creation Of Judaism; Book 2. How Persia Created Judaism eudemus of rhodes, a follower of Aristotle, before 300 BC wrote. The Magi andthe whole Aryan race call by the name Space or Time that which forms an http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Religions/non-iranian/Judaism/Persian_Judaism/book

University of London Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG United Kingdom Home About CAIS Articles News Update ... Links If you require any further information please contact: Shapour Suren-Pahlav cais@soas.ac.uk Book 2. How Persia Created Judaism Angels: Winged Beings from Back to Table of Contents Page Angels and Monotheism Did Angels Evolve? The Origin of Good and Evil ... Michael and Mithras Angels and Monotheism The word “angel” is the Greek “angelos” meaning a messenger—someone who brings messages from God. The Hebrew is “malak.” The Greeks had Iris, in Homer, who brought messages from Olympus to humanity. The Greeks also had Hermes or Mercury who also was a messenger, the Herald of God. Do Christians accept these as angels? And they had their own name for the lesser spirits that acted as messengers for the gods—daimones. To accept angels is immediately to become polytheistic—an angel is a lesser god! Catholics will deny that angels and demons are gods at all, and presumably that Satan is also not a god, which is all puzzling to we mortals deprived of patriarchal religion. A god is a notional being with divine, that is to say superhuman or supernatural, powers. If angels are not gods why can they do supernatural things? If Satan is not a god like Yehouah, why is he such a trouble to God himself? If God is all powerful, why does he need angels to bring messages to earth on his behalf? If we are to believe all this then God is not all powerful, the Devil is just as powerful and both have armies of lesser gods to fight their cosmic battles and bring messages to earth while they are busy elsewhere.

43. Euclid, His Works And His Influences begins with Thales of Miletus (624 547 BCE), who is the first mathematicianmentioned in eudemus of rhodes formal history, written around 320 BCE http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/Euclid300BC/INDEX.HTML

His Works and His Influences Euclid , author of the most important textbook of all time, and arguably the most influential geometry text to date, the Elements (which has existed in more editions than any other work than the Bible ), flourished around 300 B.C.E. in Alexandria. Invited to open the mathematical school at the Museum and Library at Alexandria, Euclid accepted and compiled several works, some of which are still in circulation today, some of which have long vanished. Many people before Euclid were essential in his collaboration of works and ideas to create the Elements To tell the story of Euclid is in some ways to tell a story of Greek math, thus our exploration begins with Thales of Miletus (624 - 547 B.C.E.), who is the first mathematician mentioned in Eudemus of Rhodes' formal history, written around 320 B.C.E. Pythagoras (572 - 497 B.C.E.), famed for the theorem named after him, of which is probably the most interesting of all ancient mathematicians. His group of disciples, known as the Pythagoreans, believed all is number; number is the substance of all things. Hippocrates of Chios (c. 5th century B.C.E.) was one of the greatest geometers of antquity. He is credited with writing a text which is arguably contained in most of Book I of the

44. Index Of Ancient Greek Philosophers-Scientists eudemus of rhodes (340 BC). Student of Aristotle. Wrote the History of Mathematics,which is lost, and the History of Astronomy. Conon (Samos, 283222 BC). http://www.ics.forth.gr/~vsiris/ancient_greeks/hellinistic_period.html

Hellinistic/Alexandrian period (4th century B.C. - 5th century A.D.) This period marking advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Hellinistic refers to the Greeks and others who lived after Alexander the Great's conquests, during which there existed a mixture of civilizations. Important schools of this period include Epicurianism, Stoiciscm , and Skeptisicm Philosophers-Scientists Epicurus of Samos (341-270 B.C.). Founder of the philosophical school of Epicurianism which, similar to the Atomists, believed that atoms are fundamental parts of the real world. Believed that fate was governed by laws of nature and not some mysterious gods. Straton (Lambsacus, 340-290 B.C.). Greek physicist. Conducted experiments leading him to discover that bodies accelerate when they fall. However, erroneously, he also believes that heavier bodies fall faster. Also studied the lever, but does not find it's law. His work emphasizes the use of experimentation for scientific research. Lived in Alexandria, then moved to Athens to head the Aristitle's Lyceum after Theophrastos. Zenon of Citius (4th century B.C.).

45. Index Of Ancient Greek Scientists Links Euclid of Alexandria, University of St Andrews, Scotland, Euclid, EncyclopediaBritannica; eudemus of rhodes (340 BC). http://www.ics.forth.gr/~vsiris/ancient_greeks/whole_list.html

not complete Agatharchos. Greek mathematician. Discovered the laws of perspectives. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (480-430 B.C.). Greek philosopher. Believed that a large number of seeds make up the properties of materials, that heavenly bodies are made up of the same materials as Earth and that the sun is a large, hot, glowing rock. Discovered that the moon reflected light and formulated the correct theory for the eclipses. Erroneously believed that the Earth was flat. Links: Anaxagoras of Clazomenae, MIT Anaximander (610-545 B.C.). Greek astronomer and philosopher, pupil of Thales. Introduced the apeiron (infinity). Formulated a theory of origin and evolution of life, according to which life originated in the sea from the moist element which evaporated from the sun ( On Nature ). Was the first to model the Earth according to scientific principles. According to him, the Earth was a cylinder with a north-south curvature, suspended freely in space, and the stars where attached to a sphere that rotated around Earth. Links: Anaximander, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

46. Course Guide  PHIL 3321  Hellenistic Philosophy  Professor John Heil Spring 2 eudemus of rhodes. (B 577 E54 E93 2002) ? Fortenbaugh, William W., and David C.Mirhady. Peripatetic Rhetoric After Aristotle. (PN 173 P47 1994) http://www.trinity.edu/bharris/hellenisticphilosophy.htm

Course Guide PHIL 3321 Hellenistic Philosophy Professor John Heil Spring 2005 The following guide is designed to help offer guidance and direction as you begin and continue research related to topics in this course. Your research needs will differ based on your topic, but the following resources should offer starting and continuing points. 1. Begin thinking about topics and looking at sources soon after receiving your assignment. Your ability to select and focus on topics tends to be better when the assignment is fresh in your mind. This also allows you to plan and schedule the kinds of tasks involved in a project that requires research sources. 2. Locate keywords for use in searching. Using a word or set of words related to your topic when searching should result in more specific information, often in less time. You can locate keywords in a number of ways: A. Browse the subject headings index of the Library of Congress classification system (available at the library's help desk). B. Look up books in Quest, the library's catalog, using very general search terms. Then, look at the description of a specific book to see what subject terms were assigned to that text. By clicking on one of the topics under "Subjects" you will be redirected to a list of similar texts.

47. Dictionary Of The History Of Ideas be the same” (The testimony of eudemus of rhodes; cf. H. Diels and W. Kranz, DieFragmente der Vorsokratiker, 6th ed., Berlin 1951, 58B34). This was http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv4-52

48. Current Books Received List eudemus of rhodes. Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities, vol. 11.István Bodnár and William W. Fortenbaugh, Eds. http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/data/books/brl5592.shtml

Current Books Received List Books received at Science during the week ending 4 October 2002 American Normal The Hidden World of Asperger Syndrome Lawrence Osborne Copernicus (Springer-Verlag), New York, 2002 Hardback: 240 pp. $27.50. ISBN: 0387953078 The Aquatic Roots of Human Pathology Albert C. Smith 1st Books Library, Bloomington, IN, 2002 Paperback: 216 pp., illus. $16.50. ISBN: 0759695180 Behavior and Its Neural Control in Gastropod Molluscs Ronald Chase Oxford University Press, New York, 2002 Hardback: 334 pp., illus. $85. ISBN: 0195113144 Biblical Games Game Theory and the Hebrew Bible. 2nd ed. Steven J. Brams MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002 Paperback: 236 pp., illus. $17.95. ISBN: 0262523329 Bioinorganic Chemistry A Short Course Rosette M. Roat-Malone Wiley-Interscience, New York, 2002 Paperback: 366 pp., illus. $89.95. ISBN: 047115976X The Caffeine Advantage How to Sharpen Your Mind, Improve Your Physical Performance, and Achieve Your Goals the Healthy Way Bennett Alan Weinberg and Bonnie K. Bealer Free Press (Simon and Schuster), New York, 2002

49. Theophrastus -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article eudemus of rhodes also had some claims to this position, and (Click link for moreinfo and facts about Aristoxenus) Aristoxenus is said to have resented http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/t/th/theophrastus.htm

Theophrastus [Categories: Ancient Greek philosophers, Ancient Greeks, Ancient Greek botanists] Theophrastus , the successor of (One of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)) Aristotle in the (A person who walks from place to place) Peripatetic school, a native of Eresus in (An island of eastern Greece in the eastern Aegean Sea; in antiquity it was famous for lyric poetry) Lesbos , was born c. 372 BC. His original name was Tyrtamus , but he later became known by the nickname "Theophrastus", given to him, it is said, by Aristotle to indicate the grace of his conversation. After receiving his first introduction to (The rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics) philosophy in Lesbos from one Leucippus or Alcippus, he proceeded to (The capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess)) Athens , and became a member of the Platonic circle. After (Ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle (428-347 BC)) Plato 's death he attached himself to Aristotle, and in all probability accompanied him to

50. Max Planck Society - EDoc Server Document title eudemus of rhodes Editors Bodnár, István; Fortenbaugh, William W.Document type Book Language English Place of Publication New Brunswick http://edoc.mpg.de/31545

Home News About Us Contact ... Home Search Quick Search Advanced Fulltext Browse Collections Persons My eDoc Session History Login Name: Password: Documentation Help Display Documents history ID: , MPI f¼r Wissenschaftsgeschichte / Publications MPIWG Eudemus of Rhodes Editors: Bodn¡r, Istv¡n Fortenbaugh, William W. Document type: Book Language: English Place of Publication: New Brunswick Date of Publication (YYYY-MM-DD): Title of Series: Rutgers University studies in classical humanities ; 11 Audience: Not Specified Physical Description (e.g. Total Number of Pages): Publisher: Transactions Publishers External Publication Status: published Affiliations: MPI f¼r Wissenschaftsgeschichte Abt. I (Renn) Identifiers: ISBN:0765801345 [ID No:1] The scope and number of records on eDoc is subject to the collection policies defined by each institute - see "info" button in the collection browse view.

51. Archytas 2002, ‘Eudemus History of Mathematics’, in eudemus of rhodes, WW Fortenbaugh and I.Bodnar (eds.), New Brunswick Transaction, 263306. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/archytas/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change JUN The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Archytas Archytas of Tarentum was a Greek mathematician, political leader and philosopher, active in the first half of the fourth century BC (i.e., during Plato's lifetime). He was the last prominent figure in the early Pythagorean tradition and the dominant political figure in Tarentum, being elected general seven consecutive times. He sent a ship to rescue Plato from the clutches of the tyrant of Syracuse, Dionysius II, in 361, but his personal and philosophical connections to Plato are complex, and there are many signs of disagreement between the two philosophers. A great number of works were forged in Archytas' name starting in the first century BC, and only four fragments of his genuine work survive, although these are supplemented by a number of important testimonia. Archytas was the first to solve one of the most celebrated mathematical problems in antiquity, the duplication of the cube. We also have his proof showing that ratios of the form ( n n , which are important in music theory, cannot be divided by a mean proportional. He was the most sophisticated of the Pythagorean harmonic theorists and provided mathematical accounts of musical scales used by the practicing musicians of his day. He was the first to identify the group of four canonical sciences (logistic [arithmetic], geometry, astronomy and music), which would become known as the

52. PSIgate - Physical Sciences Information Gateway Search/Browse Results eudemus of rhodes Born about 350 BC in Rhodes, Greece Died about 290 BC Showbirthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index http://www.psigate.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/search_webcatalogue2.pl?limit=950&term1=b

53. Peter Fosl's Philosophical Chronology eudemus of rhodes (4th century BCE) Mencius (Master Meng) (Mengtzu) (371 - 289BCE) Crantor (fl. early 2nd century BCE) Theophrastus ( ? - c 287 BCE) http://homepages.transy.edu/~philosophy/chronology.html

TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM A PHILOSOPHICAL CHRONOLOGY By Peter S. Fosl Use your "find in page" command (under "Edit" in your browser) to search for particular entries or use the table below to take you to the indicated date. The Big Bang 400 BCE Homo Sapiens 300 BCE ... 500 BCE s s Big Bang postulated (15-16 billion years ago) Formation of the Earth (c 4,500,000,000 years ago) Precambrian Age (4,000,000,000 - 540,000,000 y.a., origin of life [Archeaozoic era] thought to be 4 billion y.a.) Earliest known life in fossil record (c 3,500,000,000 y.a.) Paleozoic Age (540,000,000 - 200,000,000 y.a.) (insects, chondrichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, plants except angiospermae) Mesozoic Age (200,000,000 - 60, 000,000 y.a.) (bony fish, birds, mammals, angiospermae) Dinosaurs become extinct (c 65,000,000 y.a.) Cenozoic Age begins (60,000,000 y.a.) Australopithecus (2,600,000 y.a.) Pleistocene Era (2,000,000 - 10,000 y.a., development of hominids) Appearance of homo sapiens (c 200,000 BCE) Earliest known artwork (c 29,000 BCE) (Willendorf Venus; painted blocks of La Ferrassie)

54. Rhodes University Library Journals A-to-Z Rhodes University Library Journals Ato-Z eudemus of rhodes - Rutgers UniversityStudies in Classical Humanities http://atoz.ebsco.com/home.asp?id=1252&sid=110498515&LCID=PA&LCName=Classical La

55. Journalfind eudemus of rhodes Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities.Academic Search Premier 2002 - 2002. Publisher Transaction Publishers http://atoz.ebsco.com/home.asp?id=491&sid=68230337&LCID=PA&LCName=Classical Lang

56. Article About "List Of Ancient Greeks" In The English Wikipedia On 24-Apr-2004 Eudamidas III King of Sparta; Eudemus - philosopher; eudemus of rhodes -philosopher; Eudoxus of Cnidus - mathematician; Eudoxus of Cyzicus - explorer http://fixedreference.org/en/20040424/wikipedia/List_of_ancient_Greeks

The List of ancient Greeks reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference : snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org) List of ancient Greeks This an alphabetical list of ancient Greeks . These include ethnic Greeks and Greek language speakers from Greece and the Mediterranean world up to about 200 AD. A B C D ... Related articles A Abaris - priest of Apollo (or Abaris the Hyperborean Acestorides - tyrant of Syracuse Achaeus - general Achaeus of Eretria - poet Achermus - sculptor Achilles Tatius - writer Acron - writer Acrotatus - King of Sparta Acusilaus - scholar Adeimantus - Corinthian general Adrianus - sophist Aedesius - philosopher Aeimnestus - Spartan soldier Aelianus Tacticus - military writer Aelius Aristides - orator and writer Aeneas Tacticus - writer Aenesidemus - Sceptic philosopher Aeropus I of Macedon - king Aeropus II of Macedon - king Aeschines Socraticus - Socratic philosopher Aeschines - Athenian orator Aeschylus - playwright Aesop - author of fables Aetion - painter Aetius - philosopher Agarista - two; wife of Megacles, mother of Pericles

57. List Of Scientists By Field Translate this page eudemus of rhodes. eudemus of rhodes. Eudoxus of Cnidus. Eudoxus of Cnidus.Euler, Leonhard. Euler, Leonhard. Euler, Leonhard. Euler, Leonhard http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/e.html

East, Edward Murray Easton, Cornelis Easton, Cornelis Eaton, Amos Eaton, Amos Eaton, Amos Ebel, Johann Gottfried Ebel, Johann Gottfried Eberth, Carl Joseph Eberth, Carl Joseph Eckart, Carl Henry Eckart, Carl Henry Eckert, Wallace John Eckert, Wallace John Eddington, Arthur Stanley Eddington, Arthur Stanley Edelman, Cornelis Hendrik Edinger, Johanna Gabrielle Otillie Edison, Thomas Alva Edwardes, David Edwards, Austin Burton Egas Moniz, Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egorov, Dimitrii Fedorovich Ehrenberg, Christian Gottfried Ehrenfest, Paul Ehrenhaft, Felix Ehresmann, Charles Ehret, Georg Dionysius Ehrlich, Paul Eichenwald, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Eichenwald, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Eichler, August Wilhelm Eichwald, Karl Eduard Ivanovich Eichwald, Karl Eduard Ivanovich Eigenmann, Carl H. Eijkman, Christiaan Eijkman, Christiaan Eimer, Theodor Gustav Heinrich Einstein, Albert Einthoven, Willem Eisenhart, Luther Pfahler Eisenstein, Ferdinand Gotthold Max Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf Ekman, Vagn Walfrid Elhuyar, Fausto d' Elhuyar, Fausto d'

58. Philosophy And Religion eudemus of rhodes. Fabri, Honoré. Farabi, Abu Na?r Mu?ammad Ibn Mu?ammad Ibn?arkhan Ibn Awzalagh al. Firmicus Maternus. Forster, Georg Adam http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/phil.html

Philosophy and Religion Abailard, Pierre Abano, Pietro d' Adanson, Michel Agol, Izrail' Iosifovich Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius von Ailly, Pierre d' Alain de Lille, Alanus de Albert of Saxony Alcmaeon of Crotona Alexander of Aphrodisias Alsted, Johann Heinrich Ames, William Ammonius, Son of Hermias Anatolius of Alexandria Anaxagoras Anaximander Anaximenes of Miletus Andreae, Johann Valentin Apelt, Ernst Friedrich Aquinas, Saint Thomas Archytas of Tarentum Argoli, Andrea Augustine of Hippo, Saint, Aurelius Bachelard, Gaston Bacon, Francis Bacon, Roger Bain, Alexander Baranzano, Giovanni Antonio Bartholin, Caspar Basso, Sebastian Bede, the Venerable Bellarmine, Robert Bergson, Henri-Louis Berkeley, George Bernard of Chartres, Bernardus Bernard of Le Treille Bernard Silvestre, Bernard de Bickerton, Alexander William Bisterfeld, Johann Heinrich Blasius of Parma Boehme, Jacob Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus Bogdanov, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bohr, Niels Henrik David Bolzano, Bernard Bonnet, Charles Borro, Girolamo Boullanger, Nicolas-Antoine Bourguet, Louis

59. Symmetry According to the evidence of Proclus (who used Eudemus s book systematically),Thales proved that but it is nevertheless a fact that eudemus of rhodes, http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/rjesus/

Thales and Geometry Thales is the founder of Greek geometry. 41 This statement implies not only that he introduced geometrical studies into Greek usage, but also that he founded Greek geometry with its striking specificity. According to the evidence of Proclus (who used Eudemus's book systematically), Thales proved that the circle is halved by its diameter; he found out and stated that the angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal; and he discovered the theorem of the equality of vertical angles and that of the equality of triangles with equal bases and adjoining angles (11A20 DK). In the two latter cases there are direct references to Eudemus (frag. 135, 134 Wehrli). [End Page 404] There are no grounds for believing that tradition has preserved all of Thales' achievements. Thus, according to Pamphila's evidence quoted by Diogenes Laertius (D.L.1.24), but naturally absent from Proclus's commentary on the first book of Euclid's Elements, Thales also inscribed a right-angled triangle in a circle. A. I. Zaitsev defines Thales' achievements as a "real revolution in the forms of human cognition," to wit: "first, Thales realized the necessity or at least the desirability of proving geometrical statements that seemed self-evident, and second, he gave those proofs." Now we may ask, why did Thales (unlike the Egyptians and Babylonians) begin to prove theorems? "The first mathematical proofs," Zaitsev writes, "were the natural fruit of a social climate where the discovery of a new truth not only gave an immediate satisfaction but could also bring fame. For it is clear that in these conditions, mathematical truths confirmed with proof became a particularly attractive object of search; one who found a faultless proof could as a rule count on public recognition, while the achievements in any other field of knowledge could as a rule be disputed." 42

60. History Of Science Society HSSOnline.org eudemus of rhodes. Bodnar, Istvan; Fortenbaugh, William W., eds. Edited by IstvanBodnar and William W. Fortenbaugh. Rutgers University Studies in Classical http://www.hssonline.org/society/isis/books/q4-2002.html

Isis Books Received: Every quarter, Isis receives a substantial number of new books in the history of science, technology and medicine. New books are listed here, and also published in the HSS Newsletter. Help Sponsor the Society By arrangement with Amazon.com, the Society currently offers a link for purchasing each title. For each book bought through a link off of this page, the Society will earn up to 15% of the purchase price. Now you can buy the newest books in the history of science and benefit the Society at the same time. Dimensions of Time: The structures of the time of humans, of the world, and of God. Achtner, Wolfgang; Kunz, Stefan; Walter, Thomas. Translated by Arthur H. Williams, Jr. viii + 196 pp. Figs., bibl., index. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, From to 1: An Authoritative History of Modern Computing. Akera, Atsushi: Nebeker, Frederick.

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