1. Empedocles Of Agrigentum At Peithô's Web Includes the Leonard translation of the empedocles fragments alongside theoriginal Greek, as well as the Life of empedocles from Diogenes Laertius. http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/empedocles/

Jump to fragment: Empedocles, tr. Leonard Leonard w/ unicode EMPEDOCLES OF AGRIGENTUM The Fragments The W.E. Leonard English verse translation of Empedocles The complete W.E. Leonard verse translation of Empedocles (1908). W.E. Leonard translation with Unicode Greek text You'll need a Unicode Greek font such as the free Athena Unicode to see the Greek text as it appeared in Leonard. Life of Empedocles Diogenes Laertius' Life of Empedocles Empedocles Links Perseus Project English search for 'Empedocles' TOCS-IN search for 'Empedocles' Bryn Mawr Classical Review search for 'Empedocles' Arthur Fairbanks on Empedocles (with translation, doxography), at Hanover ... Empedocles Watch Mount Etna Web Cam at INGV webcams Temple 'B', or Empedocles' Temple, Selenus S. Trepanier's 'Structure of Empedocles Fragment 17' (with new material) Zeller on Empedocles, at Wright U. ... Empedocles Bibliography at Presocratics.org

2. Empedocles [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article. Summarizes this early Greek thinker sthought and presents what is known about his life. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/empedocl.htm

Empedocles (of Acragas) Empedocles (of Acagras in Sicily, c. 492-432 BC) was a philosopher and poet: one of the most important of the philosophers working before Socrates (the Presocratics), and a poet of outstanding ability and of great influence upon later poets such as Lucretius . His works On Nature and Purifications (whether they are two poems or only one – see below) exist in more than 150 fragments. He has been regarded variously as a materialist physicist, a shamanic magician, a mystical theologian, a healer, a democratic politician, a living god, and a fraud. To him is attributed the invention of the four-element theory of matter (earth, air, fire, and water), one of the earliest theories of particle physics, put forward seemingly to rescue the phenomenal world from the static monism of Parmenides . Empedocles’ world-view is of a cosmic cycle of eternal change, growth and decay, in which two personified cosmic forces, Love and Strife, engage in an eternal battle for supremacy. In psychology and ethics Empedocles was a follower of Pythagoras , hence a believer in the transmigration of souls, and hence also a vegetarian. He claims to be a

3. Empedocles From the Hanover Historical Texts Project. Arthur Fairbanks translations of thefragments of empedocles. http://history.hanover.edu/texts/presoc/emp.htm

Empedocles Fragments and Commentary Arthur Fairbanks, ed. and trans. The First Philosophers of Greece (London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1898), 157-234. Hanover Historical Texts Project Scanned and proofread by Aaron Gulyas, May 1998. Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001. Fairbanks's Introduction Translation of the Fragments: Book I Translation of the Fragments: Book II Translation of the Fragments: Book III ... Passages in Diels' 'Doxographi Graeci' relating to Empedokles Fairbanks's Introduction Empedokles, son of Meton, grandson of an Empedokles who was a victor at Olympia, made his home and Akragas in Sicily. he was born about 494 B.C., and lived to the age of sixty. The onle sure daye in his life is his visit to Thourioi soon after its foundation (444). Various stories are told of his political activity, which may be genuine traditions. At the same time he claimed almost the homage due to a god, and many miracles are attributed to him. His writings in some parts are said to imitate Orphic verses, and apparently his religious activity was in line with this sect. His death occured away from Sicilyprobably in the Pelopnnesos. Literature:-Sturz

4. Empedocles Course notes, providing a concise introduction to this thinker and pointing out some questions raised by his thought. http://www.abu.nb.ca/Courses/GrPhil/Empedocles.htm

Empedocles 1. Introduction Parmenides and his school assert that Being is one (monism) and changeless, a position that contradicts the world of common sense. Empedocles responds to Eleatic philosophy in what seems to be an attempt to reconcile Parmenides' necessary or self-evident truths with the testimony of the senses that Being is many (pluralism) and changing. In other words, Empedocles is a hybrid between a rationalist and an empiricist, seeking to reconcile the demands of reason with the testimony of his senses. Given Parmenides' adoption of a "two-truth" theory, it is not surprising that some would seek to reconcile these "two truths," since it is contradictory both to affirm and deny something. Do you agree with Empedocles that there is genuine becoming and that you are not deceived by your senses into thinking that there is? 2. Biographical Information Empedocles was born in Akgragas, a Greek city in Sicily, sometime in the early fifth century BCE. He played an important role in the political affairs of his city, being known as a defender of democracy. He was also reputed to have been a religious teacher and leader, probably being involved in some form of Pythagoreanism. Empedocles wrote two philosophical poems entitled On Nature and Purifications , of which several fragments have survived. Some of the fragments are too brief to be of much use in reconstructing his philosophical views, but there are others that are longer and quite useful. In addition, later philosophers summarize Empedocles' view and, in some cases (e.g., Aristotle), are critical of them.

5. Empedocles Biographical article by JJO Connor and EF Robertson. Includes glossary and linksto biographies of related thinkers. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Empedocles.html

6. Empedocles Lecture notes by S. Marc Cohen, presenting empedocles as part of the pluralistic response to Parmenides' teachings. http://faculty.washington.edu/smcohen/320/emped.htm

The Pluralists Monism: there is no plurality There is no motion There is no generation or destruction There is no qualitative change or differentiation There is no void All of the pluralistic responses to Parmenides (Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and the Atomists) were influenced by him, but rejected his extreme monism. They sought to reconcile, as much as possible, Parmenideanism with common sense. They all disagreed with Parmenides about (1) and (2): all maintained plurality and motion. But they all accepted (3): there is no coming into existence or ceasing to exist. Where they differ among themselves is over (4) and (5): the reality of qualitative differences and the existence of the void. Empedocles and Anaxagoras broke ranks with Parmenides over (4), but toed the line on (5). The atomists agreed with Parmenides that there is no genuine qualitative change, but claimed that there was empty space - a void. These points are all summarized in the table below: Parmenides The Atomists Plurality Motion Destruction Qualitative Difference Void explicit assumption: a. Whatever has size has parts.

7. STEFAN STENUDD - Empedocles. Cosmos Of The Ancients ----------- Short article by Stephen Stenudd reviewing the cosmological aspects of empedocles' writings, and Aristotle's reaction to them. http://www.stenudd.com/myth/greek/empedocles.htm

About the writer Stefan Stenudd Cosmos of the Ancients The Greek Philosophers on Myth and Cosmology Empedocles s for Empedocles (c. 490-430 BC), he saw the world as somewhat a battleground of two major forces – love (Philia) joining things together, and strife (Neikos) breaking them apart. To him the basic elements were four, each one bearing the name of a god – Zeus was fire, Hera was air, Aidoneus was earth and Nestis water: Hear first the four roots of all things: bright Zeus and life-bringing Hera and Aidoneus and Nestis, whose tears are the source of mortal streams. Love he also calls joy, linking it to the goddess Aphrodite. No god was, though, in any way of human countenance: For he is not equipped with a human head on a body, [two branches do not spring from his back], he has no feet, no swift knees, no shaggy genitals, but he is mind alone, holy and inexpressible, darting through the whole cosmos with swift thoughts. In his poetic vision with a flare for magnificence – that of nature as well as that of himself – Empedocles saw in this everlasting exchange between love and strife, between joining and separating, a beauty that is easy to appreciate: And these things never cease their continual exchange of position, at one time all coming together into one through love, at another again being borne away from each other by strife's repulsion.

8. Essays In Philosophy A 2000 paper by Simon Trepanier. An intensive study of this, the longest and most illuminating of empedocles' fragments. http://www.humboldt.edu/~essays/paper1.html

Essays in Philosophy A Biannual Journal Volume 1, Number 1 The Structure of Empedocles' Fragment 17 I. The text Fragment 17 of Empedocles has long been recognized as the most important in the corpus. In 1998, the significance of this 35-line fragment was further increased by the publication of the Strasbourg papyrus, containing roughly 74 lines of Empedocles. By a tremendous piece of luck, the largest continuous passage, named "ensemble a" by its French editors, overlaps with the end of fr. 17 and adds to it a further 34 partial or complete verses. This makes it the longest continuous fragment in verse from a Presocratic philosopher, although as stated above not every line is fully preserved. Further adding to this good fortune, a stichometric mark on the last line of "ensemble a" indicates that the line was the 300th verse of that particular book. This allows us to estimate that fr. 17, which Simplicius quotes as from the first book of the Peri Phuseos , must have begun at about line 233 of that same book. Thus, not only is fr. 17 now the longest extant passage of Presocratic philosophical poetry, it is also one of the best attested. I trust there will be no objections to quoting most of the text, whose length, far from being objectionable, is an unparalleled luxury in the realm of Presocratic studies. Also, since my argument concerns the general structure of the passage, it does not require detailed consideration of every word in the original. I can thus afford to be more inclusive and let my own rudimentary translation stand for it. Its aim is merely to give Greekless readers a faithful line-by-line version of the text, without any claim to poetic merit. Those who can read the original will no doubt notice some of the choices in interpretation I have had to make, and are urged to enjoy this piece of good fortune rather than dwell on the shortcomings of its translation. The first 35 lines are from Diels-Kranz

9. Presocratics: Empedocles A list of writings about this thinker in various European languages. http://www.presocratics.org/empedocles.htm

An Empedocles Bibliography Andriopoulos, D.Z. "Empedocles’ Theory of Perception’ Platon 24 (1972), pp. 290-98. Arundel, M. R. (=Wright) "Empedocles fr. 35, 12-15" Classical Review 12 (1962) pp. 109-111. Babut, D. "Sur l’unité de la pensée d’Empédocle" Philologus 120 (1976), pp. 139-164. Barnes, H. E. "Unity in the Thought of Empedocles" Classical Journal 63 (1967), pp. 18-23. Barnes, J. The Presocratic Philosophers 2 vols. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. Barnes, J. Review of Wright Empedocles: The Extant Fragments in Classical Review 32 (1982), pp. 191-196. Bauer, J. B. "Monie. Empedokles B24.4 und 28.3" Hermes 89 (1961), pp. 367-369. Bergk, T. Commentario de Prooemio Empedoclis. Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1839. Bergk, T. Kleine Schriften, II . Halle, 1886. Bicknell, P. J. "The Shape of the Cosmos in Empedocles" Parola del Passato 23 (1968), pp. 118-119. Bidez, J. . Ghent: Clemm,1894. Bies, J.

10. Empedocles [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] empedocles (of Acagras in Sicily, c. 492432 BC) was a philosopher and poet one of the most important of the philosophers working before Socrates http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Anaxagoras [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Like empedocles, he started from the Parmenidean account of 'what is'. Also like empedocles, Anaxagoras postulated a plurality of independent http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Empedocles [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] 5th century BCE philosopher who combined medical study with Orphic mysticism. http://www.iep.utm.edu/e/empedocl.htm

Empedocles (of Acragas) Empedocles (of Acagras in Sicily, c. 492-432 BC) was a philosopher and poet: one of the most important of the philosophers working before Socrates (the Presocratics), and a poet of outstanding ability and of great influence upon later poets such as Lucretius . His works On Nature and Purifications (whether they are two poems or only one – see below) exist in more than 150 fragments. He has been regarded variously as a materialist physicist, a shamanic magician, a mystical theologian, a healer, a democratic politician, a living god, and a fraud. To him is attributed the invention of the four-element theory of matter (earth, air, fire, and water), one of the earliest theories of particle physics, put forward seemingly to rescue the phenomenal world from the static monism of Parmenides . Empedocles’ world-view is of a cosmic cycle of eternal change, growth and decay, in which two personified cosmic forces, Love and Strife, engage in an eternal battle for supremacy. In psychology and ethics Empedocles was a follower of Pythagoras , hence a believer in the transmigration of souls, and hence also a vegetarian. He claims to be a

13. Empedocles From the Hanover Historical Texts Project. Arthur Fairbanks translations of the fragments of empedocles. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Diogenes Laertius, Life Of Empedocles, Translated By C.D. Yonge But Satyrus, in his Lives, asserts, that empedocles was the son of Exaenetus, But I have found in the Commentaries of Phavorinus, that empedocles http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/empedocles/dlemp.htm

Life of Empedocles Empedocles main Jump to fragment: Empedocles, tr. Leonard Leonard w/ unicode Life of Empedocles From Diogenes Laertius' Lives of the Philosophers Translated by C. D. Yonge (London: Henry G. Bohn, 1853). I. Empedocles , as Hippobotus relates, was the son of Meton, the son of Empedocles, and a citizen of Agrigentum. And Timaeus, in the fifteenth book of his Histories, gives the same account, adding that Empedocles, the grandfather of the poet, was also a most eminent man. And Hermippus tells the same story as Timaeus; and in the same spirit Heraclides, in his treatise on Diseases, relates that he was of an illustrious family, since his father bred a fine stud of horses. Erastothenes, in his List of the Conquerors at the Olympic Games, says, that the father of Meton gained the victory in the seventy-first olympiad, quoting Aristotle as his authority for the assertion. But Apollodorus, the grammarian, in his Chronicles, says that he was the son of Meton; and Glaucus says that he came to Thurii when the city was only just completed. And then proceeding a little further, he adds: And some relate that he did flee from thence

15. Empedocles Of Acragas empedocles of Acragas 495435 B.C. Look at the comments on this paper. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Empedocles Lecture notes by S. Marc Cohen, presenting empedocles as part of the pluralistic response to Parmenides' teachings. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. References For Empedocles References for the biography of empedocles. CE Millerd, On the Interpretationof empedocles (1908, reprinted 1980). DO Brien, empedocles Cosmic Cycle http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Empedocles.html

18. Philosophical Dictionary Empedocles-Equivocation Timeline. Philosophers. Search the Site. Locke empedocles (d. 433 BCE) Recommended Reading empedocles The Extant Fragments , ed. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. The Love And Strife Philosophy Of Empedocles About empedocles love and strife cosmology. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Empedocles - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia empedocles was also a mystic and a poet, and some consider him the inventor Gorgias of Leontini was his student, and it is probably from empedocles that http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empedocles

Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$150,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Empedocles From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Empedocles of Agrigentum Empedocles (c. 490 BC – c. 430 BC ) was a Greek presocratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum , a Greek colony in Sicily He maintained that all matter is made up of four Elements (which he called roots): water earth air and fire . In addition to these, he postulated something called Love (philia) to explain the attraction of different forms of matter, and of something called Strife (neikos) to account for their separation. He was also one of the first people to state the theory that light travels at a finite (although very large) speed, a theory that gained acceptance only much later. Though having much in common with Heraclitus ontology , Empedocles is considered to be more tolerant and soft in his outlook. That fact served as a matter of mentioning him by Plato in the famous "Sophist" dialogue as a "gentle muse": Then there are Ionian, and in more recent times Sicilian muses, who have arrived at the conclusion that to unite the two principles is safer, and to say that being is one and many, and that these are held together by enmity and friendship, ever parting, ever meeting, as the-severer Muses assert, while the gentler ones do not insist on the perpetual strife and peace, but admit a relaxation and alternation of them; peace and unity sometimes prevailing under the sway of Aphrodite, and then again plurality and war, by reason of a principle of strife.

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