61. A Mini-History Of Magic Squares henry dudeney. Writing in 1917 dudeney said Of recent years many ingeniousmethods have been devised for the construction of magics (magic squares), http://www.grogono.com/magic/history.php

Home Page Make Your Own Choose by Size How Many? ... Grogono Home Size: Index A Mini-History of Magic Squares The First Magic Squares The earliest known magic square is Chinese, recorded around 2800 B.C. Fuh-Hi described the "Loh-Shu", or "scroll of the river Loh". It is a typical 3x3 magic square except that the numbers were represented by patterns not numerals. Although this may be the first record, it seems likely that others played with numbers to make the "first" magic square. Probably, many early humans discovered them independently. They may have played with piles of stones on a pattern in the sand or they may have stacked nuts on leaves layed out as a square grid. It seems somewhat improbable that it required a single mathematical genius in 2800 B.C. to develop the first simple 3x3 magic square. Since then, certainly, many people in many nations have enjoyed, studied, and recorded magic squares. For further details of early records see See Mark Farrar's Website , and David Singmaster's Chronology of Recreational Mathematics Best Known Early Magic Square The best known early square is probaby the 4x4 magic square depicted in 1514 in Albrecht D¸rer's woodcut "Melancholia". The square is magic but not pan-magic. Only two of the broken diagonals are magic.

62. The 4x4 Pan-Magic Squares This is reported by henry dudeney in his book which was first published in 1917;he claims that these results have been . . . verified over and over again http://www.grogono.com/magic/4x4.php

Home Page Make Your Own Choose by Size How Many? ... Grogono Home Size: Index The 4x4 Magic Square Index Main 4x4 Page Analysis 4x4 Patterns The 4x4 Pan-Magic Squares Discovery: Only Three Squares, Only One Pattern. Early work by others was devoted to ennumerating the number of possible magic squares. By contrast, the discovery here is that all the different order-4 pan-magic squares are variations on just three possible squares and these three are in turn based on one single underlying pattern. These conclusions were reached in the 1998. If anyone knows of earlier work reaching the same conclusions, I would appreciate notification. Summary All of the Order 4 Pan-Magic Squares are based on the same underying "Magic Carpet", a simple pattern consisting of alternating pairs of ones with zeros. Four samples of this pattern are multiplied by 8, 4, 2, and 1, to make the Magic Carpets which are added together to make the final square. The 8, 4, 2, and 1, can be used in any order to make different squares. All order 4 pan-magic squares can be decomposed into four pan-magic carpets.

63. Dudeney S Columns In The Weekly Dispatch [with Occasional Notes Of counting (cf P182) 1897.09.19 S188 P190 The twelve aces magic cross (12vertices, seven groups of four) 1897.09.26 now by henry E dudeney ( Sphinx ); http://sunburn.stanford.edu/~knuth/dudeney-twd.txt

Dudeney's columns in The Weekly Dispatch [with occasional notes of my own] P100 means puzzle number 100 S100 means solution number 100 * means a miscellaneous algebra problem (c) 2001 Donald E Knuth [but freely downloadable for personal use in research] 1896.04.19 P1 The box of sweets: * P2 The cricket puzzle: (need to know that sport) P3 A word square: 5x5 with rhymed clues P4 The coinage puzzle: 3x3 magic square filled with coins 1896.04.26 P5 Subtraction: mixed radix miles/furlongs/poles/yards/feet/inches P6 English towns: anagrams P7 Charade: like nigh-tin-gale / night-in-gale P8 The twelve hands puzzle: cyclic 111111111111->111111011211->101111011221-> 101011021221->201010021001->201000022221->200000022222 (always cross two) 1896.05.03 P9 The buried fishes: substrings P10 Numbered charade: 1-dimensional crossword puzzle P11 Missing words: all anagrams of each other (STEAM TAMES etc) P12 The "Dispatch" puzzle: 8-puzzle CAT/HID/PS -> DIS/PAT/CH in fewest moves S1, S2, S3, S4 1896.05.10 P13 Transformations: word ladders CAT->DOG, BOY->MAN, WOOD->COAL, LION->LAMB, HATE->LOVE, all possible in three steps; WARM->COLD, FISH->MEAT, MORE->LESS, FIRE->COLD, RIDE->WALK all possible in four steps P14 Charade: P15 A puzzling account: * from "Slocum-in-Mud" P16 The diagonal puzzle: bishop's tour, not twice thru a square in same dir S5, S6, S7, S8 1896.05.17 P17 A mystery: 13 people in 12 rooms P18 Word square: 4x4 P19 Anagrams: I HIRE PARSONS PARISHIONERS P20 The peculiar prison: rook tour with even/odd twist S9, S10, S11 S12 in 28 moves: DISDITASDITASDIPHCDIPHCPAT 1896.05.24 P21 The seven cows: a trick question P22 Beheadings: DALE->ALE, etc P23 Missing words: all anagrams of STOP P24 A war drama: 3x3 magic word square S13, S14, S15, S16(with error corrected next week) 1896.05.31 P25 Addition: choose six of fifteen given numbers, obtain the sum 1111 P26 Palindromic words: DEIFIED etc P27 Buried cities: like P9 P28 Cycling puzzle: least common multiple S17, S18, S19, S20 1896.06.07 P29 A word square: 5x5 P30 The nines puzzle: four nines yield 100 P31 Charade: P32 The domino puzzle: 28 dominoes plus 01,02,12,11 -> magic square 8x8 S21, S22, S23, S24 [but S24 not visible in my copy] 1896.06.14 P33 Anagram: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow P34 The mouse and the corn: * P35 Numbered charade: P36 The four vases puzzle: * English coins S25, S26, S27, S28 1896.06.21 P37 Beheadings: P38 Word square: 5x5 P39 The mother and daughter: * P40 The lost poet: queen tour with turning points spelling a name S29, S30, S31, S32 "'Sphinx' is at present abroad" 1896.06.28 P41 How many eggs-actly?: * P42 Charade: P43 Missing words: P44 The clever snail: queen tour with fewest turnings, f3 to c6 S33, S34, S35, S36 1896.07.05 P45 Anagrams: NINE THUMPS <100, and also for a 5x5 P454 A new floral variety: like P383 but 1 and 18 are not adjacent 1902.07.20 S453; its extension is held over; he now has 6x6 and 7x7 prime magic squares P455 A Bisley puzzle: maximum points in unit square, at least 3/17 apart 1902.07.27 S454 P456 Church and state: 4 queens cover 62 squares including all four borders he says "Of course 1 is a prime number ... I have often wondered why it is generally omitted from the tables"! 1902.08.03 S455 he gets 44, but it doesn't look optimum his `prime' magic squares 4x4, 5x5 flawed by appearance of 1 P457 A cow's progeny: Fibonacci's rabbit problem 1902.08.10 S456 he thinks the only solution is a2 d8 g5 h1, omitting b4 c3 P458 Chinese money: making change 1902.08.17 S457 P459 The thirty-one puzzle: game looks simple but has traps 1902.08.24 S458 P460 The table-top and stools: dissect circle into two oval-shaped pieces 1902.08.31 S459 P461 The knight's banners: on Greek cross 4x4+12x4+4x4 he proposes knight's tour (but curiously he doesn't ask for a reentrant one) 1902.09.07 S460 P462 The key to the Greek cross: all ways to dissect into four pieces and make a square 1902.09.14 S461 still doesn't address the question of reentrancy P463 Concerning a cheque: * 1902.09.21 S462 infinitely many solutions, but doesn't show that he has exhausted them P464 Napoleon's puzzle: tangrams 1902.09.28 S463 P465 The Burmese plantation: 22 points in 7x7 with the most lines of 4 1902.10.05 S464 P466 The smugglers' wine: divide equally some wine and bottles 1902.10.12 S465 with 21 lines P467 The motor-car tax: factor 11111111111 1902.10.19 S466 P468 A reversible magic square: turn a 4x4 upside down (2 or 4

64. Dudeney S Puzzles And Perplexities In The Strand Magazine His The Puzzle King An Interview With henry E. dudeney, appeared in 71(26)398404 the Perplexities page no longer carried a byline; henry E. dudeney, http://sunburn.stanford.edu/~knuth/dudeney-strand.txt

65. Derivation Of The Fibonacci Sequence Another way to look at the Fibonacci sequence was discovered by henry dudeney . dudeney made two major alterations to the rabbit problem http://people.bath.ac.uk/ma2rjhm/Derivation.html

RABBITS RABBITS EVERYWHERE! When Fibonacci first discovered his sequence, he was working on a rabbit problem In order to see how many pairs of rabbits could be produced within a year, there were two assumptions that Fibonacci had to make: Assume that the rabbits NEVER DIE Assume that the female always produces ONE PAIR EVERY MONTH Having realised this, Fibonacci was able to produce a sequence for the number of rabbits born in a year. 'At the end of the first month, they mate, but there is still one only 1 pair. At the end of the second month the female produces a new pair, so now there are 2 pairs of rabbits in the field. At the end of the third month, the original female produces a second pair, making 3 pairs in all in the field. At the end of the fourth month, the original female has produced yet another new pair, the female born two months ago produces her first pair also, making 5 pairs.' So at the end of the year, Fibonacci was left with the following sum sequence: Having been a very attentive reader, you will of course realise that this group of numbers consists of the first ten numbers of the Fibonacci sequence! This sequence works by adding together two consecutive numbers to create the next number in the sequence. For example, 1+2=3 and so on.

66. Biography-center - Letter D Dakin, henry Drysdale www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/446.html; Dal i, Salvador wwwhistory.mcs.st-an d.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/dudeney.html http://www.biography-center.com/d.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish D 497 biographies D aly, Tyne www.cbs.com/primetime/judging_amy/bio_tdaly.shtml D anzi, Franz www.naxos.com/composer/danzi.htm D eforest, Lee web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/deforest.html D elluc, Louis www.lips.org/bio_delluc_GB.asp D epardieu, G©rard www.depardieu.8m.com/bio.html D ickens, Charles www.fidnet.com/~dap1955/dickens/ D ouglass, Frederick odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/B/fdouglas/dougxx.htm D rouais, Fran§ois-Hubert www.kfki.hu/~arthp/bio/d/drouais/biograph.html www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Durer.html D'Alema, Massimo www.uwgb.edu/galta/333/BIOS98/DALEMA.H TM d'Alembert, Jean-le-Rond www.treasure-troves.com/bios/dAlembert .html d'Alembert, Jean www-hi story.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/D'Alembert.html D'Inzeo, Raimondo

67. Sam Loyd figures stand out in recreational mathematics henry dudeney and Sam Loyd.Both were prolific compilers, though dudeney is widely regarded as the http://homepage.ntlworld.com/barry.r.clarke/zsamloyd.htm

In the nineteenth century, two important figures stand out in recreational mathematics : Henry Dudeney and Sam Loyd. Both were prolific compilers, though Dudeney is widely regarded as the better mathematician while Loyd is seen as the better puzzles promoter. The ingenuity with which Loyd presented his puzzles is unparalleled and no-one doubts the value of his contribution to recreational mathematics. But it has to be noted that despite his legacy, several of his claims to priority were unjustified. For example, one puzzle that is often credited to Sam Loyd is the cryptarithm or alphametic, where the digits in an arithmetic calculation have been replaced by letters, the aim being to recover the digits. However, an example appears in The American Agriculturalist of 1864 (Singmaster 1993a) and since the 23 years old Sam Loyd was still preoccupied with chess problems at the time, this example almost certainly predates his contributions. In order to assess his priority claims, though, we need to know what he claimed to have invented. His headed notepaper (shown right) dated 15 April 1903 presumes him to be the ' Author of the famous "Get Off The Earth Mystery", "Trick Donkeys", "15 Block Puzzle", "Pigs In Clover", "Parcheesi", Etc., Etc.

68. Le Découpage De Dudeney Translate this page henry dudeney (1857-1930) découvrit une ingénieuse transformation de polygonessuspendus. Il en exposa un modèle en acajou devant la Royal Society de http://perso.wanadoo.fr/therese.eveilleau/pages/truc_mat/textes/dudeney_tr.htm

L L 'animation L' animation H I L'animation flash ci-dessous montre la transformation. L P L Sur la figure ci-dessous, ce sera que nous allons expliciter. Construction : S C S Nous avons OA OB = AB = T OP = OB = 2 S A OA = 2 donc AP = 2 + et QP = 1 + = O Q OQ = QP - OP = 1 + S oit (OO C A vec Pythagore on a : O Q = OQ + OO OO = O Q - OQ OO OO Donc OO Finalement OI = On construit le cercle de centre R de rayon OI qui coupe (BC) en S. RS = OI D Pour finir, on construit au compas RG = FS

69. Puzzle De Pythagore : Celui De Henry Dudeney 1917 Translate this page Puzzle de Pythagore réalisé par henry dudeney. http://perso.wanadoo.fr/therese.eveilleau/pages/jeux_mat/puzzles/puzzle-perigal.

P (Messenger of mathematics, 1873) A un petit et un moyen. T P T Flash 5 Pour en savoir plus cliquer ici

70. Problem Of The Week (from dudeney s 536 Puzzles and Curious Problems , published 1967) told afamous mathematical puzzler by the name of henry E. dudeney that he was http://server1.fandm.edu/departments/Mathematics/a.crannell/Cookies/Past_Problem

PROBLEM OF THE WEEK2003 Orwell that Ends Well December 8, 2003 root(n) + root(m) = root(1984)? Back to School December 1, 2003 When Dave walks to school, he averages 90 steps per minute, and each of his steps is 75 cm long. It takes him 16 minutes to get to school. His brother Jack goes to the same school, by the same route. He averages 100 steps per minute, but each of his steps is 60 cm long. How long does it take Jack to get to school? Three Men, Three Women, and $1000 November 24, 2003 (from Dudeney's "536 Puzzles and Curious Problems", published 1967) A man left a legacy of $1,000 to three relatives and their wives. The wives received together $396.00. Jane received $10.00 more than Catherine, and Mary received $10.00 more than Jane. John Smith was given just as much as his wife; Henry Snooks got half again as much as his wife, and Tom Crowe received twice as much as his wife. Who was married to whom? Equality Absolutely November 17, 2003 How many solutions are there to the equality x - Tricks with Odd Digits November 10, 2003

71. BRIEF TITLE AUTHOR CALL NUMBER 175 Science Experiments To Amuse 536 puzzles curious problems, dudeney, henry Ernest, 18571930. QA95 .D83x 1967Curriculum Materials Collection. Agribusiness, an entrepreneurial approach http://www.mannlib.cornell.edu/reference/subjects/CurriculumMaterialsCollection.

BRIEF TITLE AUTHOR CALL NUMBER 175 science experiments to amuse and amaze your friends Walpole, Brenda. Q164 .W245x 1988 Curriculum Materials Collection Dudeney, Henry Ernest, 1857-1930. QA95 .D83x 1967 Curriculum Materials Collection Agribusiness, an entrepreneurial approach Hamilton, William Henry, 1919- HD9000.5 .H22 1991 Curriculum Materials Collection Agricultural biotechnology : informing the dialogue S494.5.B563 A373 2002 Curriculum Materials Collection Agricultural biotechnology a world of opportunity S494.5.B563 A195 1996 Curriculum Materials Collection Agricultural education investing in our future. S530 .A47 1994 Curriculum Materials Collection Agricultural issues series. TX537 .F63 1993 Curriculum Materials Collection Agriculture dictionary Herren, Ray V. S411 .H56x 1991 Curriculum Materials Collection Agriculture's new professionals S494.5.A4 A47 1989 Curriculum Materials Collection Burton, L. DeVere. S495 .B985x 1997 Curriculum Materials Collection Cooper, Elmer L. S495 .C77x 1997 Curriculum Materials Collection

72. AMOF: Info On Pentomino Puzzles a pentomino puzzle appeared in henry dudeney s The Canterbury Puzzles in 1907.dudeney presented a solution to a puzzle of fitting the twelve pentomino http://theory.cs.uvic.ca/~cos/amof/e_pentI.htm

Information on Pentomino Puzzles Description Example History Applications ... Links Description of the Problem A pentomino is an arrangement of 5 unit squares (or sometimes cubes) that are joined along their edges. Up to isomorphism (rotating and flipping), there are 12 possible shapes, which are illustrated below. Each piece is labelled by the letter that most accurately reflects its shape. V T W X U Z F P I N Y L The problem is to fit the 12 pentomino pieces into various shapes, often rectangles. The rectangular shapes that fit all 60 squares are of sizes 3x20, 4x15, 5x12, and 6x10. Example Here's a solution to the 6 by 10 puzzle using the letter encoding. NFVVVYYYYI NFFFVLLYZI NNFXVLZZZI PNXXXLZWTI PPUXULWWTI PPUUUWWTTT Much better looking is the same solution using tables and gifs ("gif" refers to a standard format in which pictures are encoded in web browsers). A Brief History The first published solution to a pentomino puzzle appeared in Henry Dudeney's The Canterbury Puzzles in 1907. Dudeney presented a solution to a puzzle of fitting the twelve pentomino shapes together with one square tetromino four squares joined together on a 8-by-8 checkerboard. This puzzle is considered the oldest of the pentomino puzzles and it comes with a fictional story. The story goes that the son of William the Conqueror and the dauphin of France were playing a game of chess when the dauphin threw the chessboard at his opponent in a fit of frustration. The son of William the Conqueror retaliated by breaking the chessboard over the dauphin's head, breaking the chessboard into thirteen pieces12 pentominoes and 1 tetrominowhich then had to be put back together.

73. Universal Book Of Mathematics: List Of Entries dudeney, henry Ernest (18571930) Dunsany, Lord Edward Plunkett (1878-1957) Dupincyclide duplicating the cube Dürer, Albrecht (1471-1528) http://www.daviddarling.info/works/Mathematics/mathematics_entries.html

WORLDS OF DAVID DARLING ENCYCLOPEDIA NEWS ARCHIVE ... E-MAIL THE UNIVERSAL BOOK OF MATHEMATICS From Abracadabra to Zeno's Paradoxes More details on the book Alphabetical List of Entries abacus Abbott, Edwin Abbott (1838-1926) ABC conjecture Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) Abelian group abracadabra abscissa absolute absolute value absolute zero abstract algebra Abu’l Wafa (A.D. 940-998) abundant number Achilles and the Tortoise paradox. See Zeno's paradoxes Ackermann function acre acute adjacent affine geometry age puzzles and tricks Agnesi, Maria Gaetana (1718-1799) Ahmes papyrus. See Rhind papyrus Ahrens, Wilhelm Ernst Martin Georg (1872-1927) Alcuin (735-804) aleph Alexander’s horned sphere algebra algebraic curve algebraic fallacies algebraic geometry algebraic number algebraic number theory algebraic topology algorithm algorithmic complexity Alhambra aliquot part al-Khowarizmi (c.780-850) Allais paradox almost perfect number alphamagic square alphametic Altekruse puzzle alternate altitude ambiguous figure ambiguous connectivity.

74. Games And Puzzles Journal #30 They are due to henry Perigal (1873) and henry dudeney (1917). They work for anysizes of the squares and use 5 pieces (except when the two squares are the http://www.gpj.connectfree.co.uk/gpjl.htm

the G A M E S and P U Z Z L E S J O U R N A L The On-line Journal for Mathematical Recreations Issue 30, December 2003 This end of year issue consists of ten puzzle topics (most with several puzzle questions) that have been sent to me over the past two years, or have arisen from my own researches. The best set of solutions sent to me (preferably in text form without diagrams) before the end of January 2004 will earn the PRIZE : bound sets of volumes 1 and 2 of The Games and Puzzles Journal. Back to: GPJ Index Page Sections on this page: Cents and Sensitivity by John Beasley. Bishop Shortest Paths by Siep Korteling and George Jelliss. Bishop Maximummer Paths by Juha Saukkola. Mao and Moa Longest Paths by Juha Saukkola. Corridors of Power by John Beasley and George Jelliss. Pythagorean Dissections by Chris Tylor. Three-colour Tetrahedrons by Tom Marlow The Holey Cube from Nick Hawriliw. Knight's Paths on Shaped Boards by Jean-Charles Meyrignac and George Jelliss. Lattice Plantations by George Jelliss. End (56) Cents and Sensitivity by John Beasley The 1- 2- 5- 10- ... cent values of a typical coinage display some curious arithmetical features. In particular, the sum of 10 cents cannot be realised in three coins, though it can be realised in any other number of coins from 1 to 10 inclusive. In the three little puzzles below, it is assumed that the coins available have cent values 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The first two problems have unique solutions, but the third has three solutions.

75. List Of Chess Topics -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article (Click link for more info and facts about henry dudeney) henry dudeney (Clicklink for more info and facts about Durkin Opening) Durkin Opening - http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_chess_topics.htm

List of chess topics [Categories: Topic lists] This is a list of articles related to (A game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king) chess . It exists as a shared watchlist by clicking "related changes" on the left, you can watch chess-related changes. Initial list based on articles linking to (A game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king) chess . Update as needed. A (Click link for more info and facts about Michael Adams) Michael Adams (Click link for more info and facts about Advanced Chess) Advanced Chess (Click link for more info and facts about Afrasiab) Afrasiab (Click link for more info and facts about Ajeeb) Ajeeb (Click link for more info and facts about Vladimir Akopian) Vladimir Akopian (Click link for more info and facts about Alapin's Opening) Alapin's Opening (Click link for more info and facts about Albin Counter Gambit) Albin Counter Gambit (Click link for more info and facts about Albino (chess)) Albino (chess) (Click link for more info and facts about Algebraic chess notation) Algebraic chess notation (A precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how to solve some problem) Algorithm (Click link for more info and facts about Alice Chess) Alice Chess (Click link for more info and facts about Allumwandlung) Allumwandlung (Click link for more info and facts about Amazons (game)) Amazons (game) (Click link for more info and facts about Viswanathan Anand)

76. What's New - October, 2002 October 17, 2002 One more dudeney gem before we move on. solves a puzzlefrom English recreational mathematician and puzzlist henry Ernest dudeney. http://www.delphiforfun.org/whatsnew/WhatsNew_Oct2002.htm

What's New - October 2002 Home October 30, 2002: Here's today's problem and the Expressions 2002 program that solves it: Insert (addition) and (multiplication) operators as required into the string of digits 123456789 to form an expression that evaluates to 2002. For example, if the desired value were 100, then one solution would be 12+34+5×6+7+8+9=100. This program was prompted by a viewer request. It is similar to the Expressions100 program which required + and - operators. The complication this time is that multiplications must be performed before additions. The same viewer also posed a much tougher version that's providing more hours of fun - stay tuned. October 26, 2002: A little exercise in Computational Geometry was posted in the Delphi Techniques section the other day. Included are an improved function testing for line intersection, and functions to construct a perpendicular from a point to a line and to construct a line through a point on a line at a given angle. I developed them for use in Dudeney's Dissection program, but it seems like they may be handy for any problems which combine computer programming and geometry. October 20, 2002:

77. MSN Encarta - Search View - Puzzle In 1924 henry dudeney published a popular number puzzle of the type known as acryptarithm, in which letters are replaced with numbers. http://encarta.msn.com/text_761579670__1/Puzzle.html

Search View Puzzle Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a key word in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. Puzzle I. Introduction Puzzle , problem designed as a mental challenge. Solving a puzzle often provides a rewarding experience, helping the solver to think in a new way. Puzzles may be distinguished from games, a broad class of competitive activities primarily directed at amusement. Some games, such as roulette and other games of chance, may require little or no ingenuity. A puzzle, however, either is constructed intentionally or is used to perplex and to stimulate thinking of potential solutions. Nevertheless, some classic games—such as solitaire, go, chess, and checkers—include numerous puzzles. The broad appeal of many types of puzzles is demonstrated by crossword puzzles, which appear daily in nearly every newspaper around the world; jigsaw puzzles, which are enjoyed by youngsters and the elderly alike; and mechanical puzzles, such as the Rubik's Cube, which sold 200 million units in the early 1980s. II.

78. Gardner Index dudeney, henry Ernest, England s greatest puzzlist, G2 3 e and pi problem, G4 3e and Stirling s formula, G8 4 e, G1 10; G4 3; G10 18 e, memorizing, G1 11; http://www.ms.uky.edu/~lee/ma502/gardner5/gardner5.html

Next: About this document Gardner Index Carl W. Lee Department of Mathematics University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506 lee@ms.uky.edu Charles Kluepfel 11 George Street Bloomfield, NJ 07003 ChasKlu@aol.com Abstract: This is a crude index to fifteen books containing collections of Martin Gardner's articles from Scientific American. References are to chapters, not pages. I have found his articles invaluable in gathering interesting material to supplement ``standard textbook stuff.'' In fact, I believe one reason I am in mathematics today is that I began reading Gardner's books and articles in Junior High School and High School. Browse and enjoy! Carl Lee Modified by Charles Kluepfel to add books G12-G15 and to interleave the index of lower case and upper case entries. Also, books G4 and G5 have been interchanged since the last index. G1 The Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions G2 The Second Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions G3 New Mathematical Diversions from Scientific American G4 The Unexpected Hanging and Other Mathematical Diversions G5 The Incredible Dr. Matrix

79. Reference [1] Cabri Groups. 1998. AbraCAdaBRI [online]. Available dudeney, henry Ernest. 1958. Amusements in Mathematics. New York Dover edition.3. Frederickson, Greg N. 1997. Dissections Plane Fancy. http://steiner.math.nthu.edu.tw/ne01/tjy/dissections/Reference.htm

Reference Cabri Groups. abraCAdaBRI [online]. Available from http://www.cabri.net/abracadabri/ WabraGene/abraGene.html . Accessed 2002/ June/ 1. Dudeney, Henry Ernest. 1958. Amusements in Mathematics . New York: Dover edition. Frederickson, Greg N. 1997. Cambridge New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. [online]. Available from http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/gnf/book/ Booknews/toc_upd.html Accessed 2003/ January/ 5. Frederickson, Greg N. 2002. Cambridge New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. [online]. Available from http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/gnf/book2/Booknews2/toc_upd.html Accessed 2003/ January/ 20. Howard, Whitley Eves. 1965. A Survey of Geometry. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Lindgren, Harry. 1972. Recreational Problems in Geometric Dissections and How to Solve Them. New York: Dover Publications. Theobald, Gavin. 2001. Geometric Dissections [online]. Available from

80. Cabri Java Applet Note that the middle cure of oval seat tops are empty ! Reference dudeney,henry Ernest (1958). Amusements in mathematics, p38, 39, 173~174. http://steiner.math.nthu.edu.tw/ne01/tjy/dissections/disk-2oval(6)_2.htm

Disk to Ovals with Thinner Holes disk to ovals with thinner holes Note that the middle cure of oval seat tops are empty ! Reference : Dudeney, Henry Ernest (1958). Amusements in mathematics, p38, 39, 173~174.

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