41. René Descartes descartes, René (15961650) from Eric Weisstein s Treasure Trove of Online Literature Library - rene descartes - Discourse on the Method of Rightly http://web.bryant.edu/~history/h453/descartes.htm

Margaret Mead and Derek Freeman Alfred Wegener, Continental Drift, and Plate Techtonics History of Geology History of Chemistry ... Thomas Kuhn and the Structure of Scientific Revolutions The History of Modern Science His 453 Spring 2002 Links Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy http://www.orst.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/descartes/meditations/meditations.html The Meditations contain Descarttes fully developed thoughts on the relationship between nature and the existence of God. http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/descarts.html This is the biography of Descartes available at the Galileo project. Good authority, but the biography is short and sketchy in outline form. http://www.treasure-troves.com/bios/Descartes.html Excellent short synopsis on Descartes's physical ideas. http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/academic/digitexts/descartes/bio_descartes.html Very short encyclopedia entry. Online Literature Library - Rene Descartes - Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Seeking Truth in the Sciences

42. Descartes, Rene - Message Boards - ICQ.com Click here to visit our advertiser. Message Boards descartes, rene ! Talk About descartes, rene, Anonymous, 0, Aug 1 2002 335PM http://www.icq.com/boards/browse_folder.php?tid=9114

43. Descartes, Rene - ICQ User Lists - ICQ.com ICQ User Lists descartes, rene. Hall of Fame Newly Added Lists Top UserRated Lists There are no ICQ User Lists directly under descartes, rene . http://www.icq.com/icqlist/browse_folder.php?tid=9114

44. Descartes, Rene Books At The Best Price Buy descartes, rene books from the best shops. Click on the products or use thesearch form below to find the best prices for all books. http://books.kelkoo.co.uk/b/a/cpc_5101_vtl_author_c19181750.html

Search all categories Books Electronics Household Appliances Kelkoo For Business Music Travel Home Books Browse by Author D Descartes, Rene Browse by Author : Descartes, Rene (1-25 of 27) Meditations of Descartes Author(s) : Descartes, Rene Discourse on Method and Meditations Author(s) : Descartes, Rene Meditations" and Other Metaphysical Writings, " Author(s) : Descartes, Rene This text concentrates on Descartes' work on the nature and limits of human knowledge and the methods by which we can hope to acquire knowledge. It also... Discourse on Method" and Related Writings, " Author(s) : Descartes, Rene This second of two parts concentrates on Descartes' work on the nature and limits of human knowledge and the methods by which we can hope to acquire knowledge.... Geometry, The Author(s) : Descartes, Rene Treatise of Man Author(s) : Descartes, Rene Meditaciones Metafisicas Author(s) : Descartes, Rene Descartes' "Principles of Philosophy" Author(s) : Descartes, Rene This is a translation of 327 articles omitted by the Haldane and Ross edition of this work (taken from the Latin "Principia Philosophiae"). It is based... Descartes Author(s) : Descartes, Rene

45. Alibris: Rene Descartes Used, new outof-print books by author rene descartes. Offering over 50 milliontitles from thousands of booksellers worldwide. http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Descartes, Rene

You'll find it at Alibris! Log in here Over 50 million used, new and out-of-print books! CART ACCOUNT WISHLIST HELP ... SEARCH search in Books Music: All CD Vinyl Movies: All DVD VHS by title / ISBN by author / artist by subject / genre Sell it to Alibris for $5. We'll buy your used copy and pay the postage too. learn more my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Your search: Books Author: Descartes, Rene (104 matching titles) Narrow your results by: Eligible for FREE shipping Narrow results by title Narrow results by author Narrow results by subject Narrow results by keyword Narrow results by publisher or refine further Page of 5 sort results by Top-Selling Used Price New Price Title Author Meditations on First Philosophy: In Which the Existence of God and the Distinction of the Soul from the Body Are Demonstrated more books like this by Descartes, Rene, and Cress, Donald A (Translated by) see all copies from new only from SVS Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the Objections and Replies more books like this by Descartes, Rene, and Descartes, Reni, and Cottingham, John (Editor)

46. Hoveddel Om rene descartes sin Jeg tenker, altså er jeg , og betydningen av denne.I denne artikkelen vil jeg forsøke å forklare descartes virkelighetsforståelse, http://drageild.tripod.com/descartes.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Murderball Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Få setninger i filosofien har blitt så mye parodiert som Descartes, "Jeg tenker, altså er jeg", men de færreste vet filosofien bak dette utsagnet. For å forstå hva Descartes mener med denne setningen, og hvorfor nettopp den blir "grunnlaget" for hans filsofi og verdens oppfattning, må vi se på hva som ligger bak. Men hva så? Hvordan kan vi vite at dette er sikker viten, og hvilken nytte kan vi ha av dette? Til disse gir Descartes følgende svar, at dette er sikker viten fordi den har det kjennetegnet at i det den er distinkt og trer klar frem i sin form idet man oppdager den. "Jeg tenker, altså er jeg" er en medfødt viten, som bare trenger å bli oppdaget for at man skal kunne innse at den i sin form er sikker. Descartes deler videre viten inn i to deler; den medfødte sikre, og den som dannes på grunn av sanserfaringer, og dermed er usikker. Når Descartes så har slått fast at "tanken" er sikker viten, så legger han frem følgende argumentasjon:

47. Rene Descartes - Free Online Library rene descartes online books, descartes, rene Free Online Library - rene descartesReason For Discourse, best known authors and titles are available on the http://descartes.thefreelibrary.com/

48. Descartes Translate this page rene descartes wurde am 31. März 1596 in La Haye geboren, war 1606 - 1614 Schülerdes Jesuitenkollegs in La Fleche. Ob er dort den sieben Jahre älteren http://www.mathe.tu-freiberg.de/~hebisch/cafe/descartes.html

Descartes, Rene du Perron kartesisches Koordinatensystem S = 2*pi*(e - k + f). Euler bewiesenen) Eulerschen Polyederformel (e - k + f = 2) ergibt sich daher S = 4*pi.

49. Biblioteca Virtual - Descartes, Rene (1596-1650) Translate this page La Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, la primera en lengua castellana, esun fondo bibliográfico con obras de Literatura, Historia, Ciencias, etc., http://cervantesvirtual.com/FichaAutor.html?Ref=1183

50. Rene Descartes René descartes ?Aus den Regeln zur Leitung des Geistes“ http://www.niester.de/p_philosophen/descartes/descartes.html

51. Rene Descartes Philosophy resources for rene descartes, including biography, recommended onlineresources and book reviews. http://www.erraticimpact.com/philosophy/names/names_details.cfm?ID=256

52. Descartes Biography of René descartes from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Descartes.html

Born: 31 March 1596 in La Haye (now Descartes),Touraine, France Died: 11 Feb 1650 in Stockholm, Sweden Click the picture above to see twelve larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing was a philosopher whose work, , includes his application of algebra to geometry from which we now have Cartesian geometry. Clavius . While in the school his health was poor and he was granted permission to remain in bed until 11 o'clock in the morning, a custom he maintained until the year of his death. School had made Descartes understand how little he knew, the only subject which was satisfactory in his eyes was mathematics. This idea became the foundation for his way of thinking, and was to form the basis for all his works. Descartes spent a while in Paris, apparently keeping very much to himself, then he studied at the University of Poitiers. He received a law degree from Poitiers in 1616 then enlisted in the military school at Breda. In 1618 he started studying mathematics and mechanics under the Dutch scientist Isaac Beeckman, and began to seek a unified science of nature. After two years in Holland he travelled through Europe. Then in 1619 he joined the Bavarian army. From 1620 to 1628 Descartes travelled through Europe, spending time in Bohemia (1620), Hungary (1621), Germany, Holland and France (1622-23). He spent time in 1623 in Paris where he made contact with

53. Descartes' Life And Works Provides a detailed look at his life and writings. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change MAR The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Descartes' Life and Works Descartes has been heralded the first modern philosopher. He is famous for having made an important connection between geometry and algebra, which allowed for the solving of geometrical problems by way of algebraic equations. He is also famous for having promoted a new conception of matter, which allowed for the accounting of physical phenomena by way of mechanical explanations. However, he is most famous for having written a relatively short work, Meditationes de Prima Philosophia Meditations On First Philosophy ), published in 1641, in which he provides a philosophical groundwork for the possibility of the sciences. Early Years The World and Discourse ... Related Entries Early Years Descartes' Law Thesis While stationed at Breda, Descartes met the mathematician Isaac Beeckman (1588-1637). Notes that Descartes kept related to his correspondence reveal that he and Beeckman had become more than simple acquaintances-their relationship was more one of teacher and student (Descartes being the latter). This relationship would rekindle in Descartes an intense interest in the sciences. In addition to discussions about a wide variety of topics in natural science, a direct result of certain questions posed by Beeckman compelled Descartes to write the

54. Descartes' Epistemology René descartes (15961650) is widely regarded as the father of modern philosophy . In Essays on the Philosophy and Science of René descartes, ed. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change APR The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Descartes' Epistemology Meditations on First Philosophy 1.1 Analysis of Knowledge 1.2 Internalism and Justification 1.3 Indefeasibility in Context 1.4 Methodist Approach ... Related Entries 1.1 Analysis of Knowledge Famously, Descartes defines knowledge in terms of doubt. While distinguishing rigorous knowledge ( scientia ) and lesser grades of conviction ( persuasio ), Descartes writes: I distinguish the two as follows: there is conviction when there remains some reason which might lead us to doubt, but knowledge is conviction based on a reason so strong that it can never be shaken by any stronger reason. (1640 letter, AT 3:64-65) Elsewhere, while answering a challenge as to whether he succeeds in founding such knowledge, Descartes writes: But since I see that you are still stuck fast in the doubts which I put forward in the First Meditation, and which I thought I had very carefully removed in the succeeding Meditations, I shall now expound for a second time the basis on which it seems to me that all human certainty can be founded.

55. Descartes, René (1596-1650) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogra descartes, René (15961650) descartes believed that matter had no inherentqualities, but was simply the brute stuff which occupied space. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Descartes.html

Branch of Science Philosophers Nationality French French scientific philosopher who developed a theory known as the mechanical philosophy. This philosophy was highly influential until superseded by Newton's methodology, and maintained, for example, that the universe was a plenum in which no vacuum could exist. Descartes believed that matter had no inherent qualities, but was simply the "brute stuff" which occupied space. He divided reality into the res cognitas (consciousness, mind) and res extensa (matter, extension). In (1664) and (1649), he expounded the view that an animal was an automaton lacking both sensation and self-awareness, and that only man was endowed with a soul. Descartes also generalized Harvey's mechanical interpretation of circulation, believing that the heart is an automatic mechanical pump. Descartes also believed that colors were caused by the rotation of "spheres" of light, using the tennis ball as a model of a spinning sphere. Unlike Newton , Descartes believed that white light was the pristine form. Descartes gave the first formulation of what is now known as Snell's law of refraction Descartes believed that God created the universe as a perfect clockwork mechanism of vortical motion that functioned deterministically thereafter without intervention.

56. Descartes, René (1596–1650) : Routledge Encyclopedia Of Philosophy Onlin Biography, method, philosophy and heritage. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/DA026

HOME HELP Article Bibliography ... Descartes, Ren© (1596–1650) Updated August 29, 2003 1 Life 2 The programme 3 Method 4 Doubt and the quest for certainty ... 13 The Cartesian heritage DANIEL GARBER Descartes, Ren© (1596–1650) Ren© Descartes, often called the father of modern philosophy, attempted to break with the philosophical traditions of his day and start philosophy anew. Rejecting the Aristotelian philosophy of the schools, the authority of tradition and the authority of the senses, he built a philosophical system that included a method of inquiry, a metaphysics, a mechanistic physics and biology, and an account of human psychology intended to ground an ethics. Descartes was also important as one of the founders of the new analytic geometry, which combines geometry and algebra, and whose certainty provided a kind of model for the rest of his philosophy. After an education in the scholastic and humanistic traditions, Descartes’ earliest work was mostly in mathematics and mathematical physics, in which his most important achievements were his analytical geometry and his discovery of the law of refraction in optics. In this early period he also wrote his unfinished treatise on method, the Rules for the Direction of the Mind , which set out a procedure for investigating nature, based on the reduction of complex problems to simpler ones solvable by direct intuition. From these intuitively established foundations, Descartes tried to show how one could then attain the solution of the problems originally posed.

57. Descartes, René (1596–1650) : Routledge Encyclopedia Of Philosophy Onlin René descartes was born on 31 March 1596 in the Touraine region of France, descartes, René. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/DA026SECT1

HOME HELP Article Bibliography ... Descartes, Ren© (1596–1650) Updated August 29, 2003 1 Life 2 The programme 3 Method 4 Doubt and the quest for certainty ... 13 The Cartesian heritage DANIEL GARBER 1 Life Ren© Descartes was born on 31 March 1596 in the Touraine region of France, in the town of La Haye, later renamed Descartes in his honour. In 1606 or 1607 he was sent to the Coll¨ge Royal de La Fl¨che, run by the Jesuit order. Here he received an education that combined elements of earlier Aristotelian scholasticism with the new humanistic emphasis on the study of language and literature. But the core of the collegiate curriculum was the study of Aristotelian logic, metaphysics, physics and ethics. Descartes left La Fl¨che in 1614 or 1615, and went to the University of Poitiers, where he received his baccalaur©at and his licence en droit in late 1616. In Part I of the Discours de la m©thode Discourse on the Method (1637), he discusses his education in some detail, explaining why he found it increasingly unsatisfactory. In the end, he reports, he left school, rejecting much of what he had been taught there. He chose the life of the military engineer, and set out across Europe to learn his trade, following the armies and the wars. On 10 November 1618, in the course of his travels, he met Isaac Beeckman . An enthusiastic scientific amateur since his early twenties

58. Descartes I INTRODUCTION descartes, René (15961650), French philosopher, scientist, andmathematician, sometimes called the father of modern philosophy. http://www.connect.net/ron/descartes.html

Descartes, René (1596-1650) Special thanks to the Microsoft Corporation for their contribution to my site. The following information came from Microsoft Encarta. Here is a hyperlink to the Microsoft Encarta home page: http://www.encarta.msn.com I INTRODUCTION (1596-1650), French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, sometimes called the father of modern philosophy. see It was probably during the first years of his residence in the Netherlands that Descartes wrote his first major work, Essais philosophiques (Philosophical Essays), published in 1637. The work contained four parts: an essay on geometry, another on optics, a third on meteors, and (Discourse on Method), which described his philosophical speculations. This was followed by other philosophical works, among them Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditations on First Philosophy, 1641; revised 1642) and Principia Philosophiae (The Principles of Philosophy, 1644). The latter volume was dedicated to Princess Elizabeth Stuart of Bohemia, who lived in the Netherlands and with whom Descartes had formed a deep friendship. In 1649 Descartes was invited to the court of Queen Christina of Sweden in Stockholm to give the queen instruction in philosophy. The rigors of the northern winter brought on the pneumonia that caused his death in 1650. II PHILOSOPHY Descartes attempted to apply the rational inductive methods of science, and particularly of mathematics, to philosophy. Before his time, philosophy had been dominated by the method of Scholasticism, which was entirely based on comparing and contrasting the views of recognized authorities. Rejecting this method, Descartes stated, "In our search for the direct road to truth, we should busy ourselves with no object about which we cannot attain a certitude equal to that of the demonstration of arithmetic and geometry." He therefore determined to hold nothing true until he had established grounds for believing it true. The single sure fact from which his investigations began was expressed by him in the famous words

59. René Descartes Translate this page RENÉ descartes. Se recuerda sobre todo a este francés extraordinario por su invención Con estas palabras, René descartes expresa el pensamiento que lo http://thales.cica.es/rd/Recursos/rd97/Biografias/14-1-b-Descartes.html

deben ser las cosas, pero fuese incapaz de demostrar que no pueden ser de otra manera Su vida Su obra Bibliografía: Revista Realizado por: Maria Jose Jimenez Rodriguez Depto. Matematica Aplicada I, Fac. Informatica Univ. Sevilla. majiro@euler.fie.us.es

60. Matematicos Kepler Le lleva a la página de Cavalieri http://www.mat.usach.cl/histmat/html/desc.html

Descartes tiene fama de filósofo y el intelecto más grande de los que contribuyeron a crear la llamada "Edad de la Razón". Galileo

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