21. Fermat Biography of pierre fermat (16011665) pierre fermat s father was a wealthyleather merchant and second consul of Beaumont- de- Lomagne. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fermat.html

Pierre de Fermat Born: 17 Aug 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France Died: 12 Jan 1665 in Castres, France Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Pierre Fermat 's father was a wealthy leather merchant and second consul of Beaumont- de- Lomagne. Pierre had a brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth. Although there is little evidence concerning his school education it must have been at the local Franciscan monastery. He attended the University of Toulouse before moving to Bordeaux in the second half of the 1620s. In Bordeaux he began his first serious mathematical researches and in 1629 he gave a copy of his restoration of Apollonius 's Plane loci to one of the mathematicians there. Certainly in Bordeaux he was in contact with Beaugrand Pierre de Fermat. For the remainder of his life he lived in Toulouse but as well as working there he also worked in his home town of Beaumont-de-Lomagne and a nearby town of Castres. From his appointment on 14 May 1631 Fermat worked in the lower chamber of the parliament but on 16 January 1638 he was appointed to a higher chamber, then in 1652 he was promoted to the highest level at the criminal court. Still further promotions seem to indicate a fairly meteoric rise through the profession but promotion was done mostly on seniority and the plague struck the region in the early 1650s meaning that many of the older men died. Fermat himself was struck down by the plague and in 1653 his death was wrongly reported, then corrected:-

22. Fermat - Sa Vie - Biographie Biographie assortie de nombreux liens concernant le math©maticien fran§ais. http://villemin.gerard.free.fr/Esprit/Fermat.htm

Accueil Dictionnaire Rubriques Index ... M'écrire Édition du: Jouer à raisonner: Mathématicien FERMAT Sommaire de cette page FERMAT BIOGRAPHIE Pages voisines Contemporains Newton x n + y n = z n Grand théorème ou Dernier théorème de Fermat D'autre part, un cube n'est jamais somme de deux cubes, une puissance quatrième n'est jamais somme de deux puissances quatrièmes, et plus généralement aucune puissance supérieure stricte à 2 n'est somme de deux puissances analogues. J'ai trouvé une merveilleuse démonstration de cette proposition, mais je ne peux l'écrire dans cette marge car elle est trop longue FERMAT FERMAT Pierre Simon de 64 ans Français Beaumont-de-Lomagne (82) Castres GRAND MATHÉMATICIEN non professionnel Théorie des nombres - créateur Calcul de probabilités - pionnier, avec Blaise Pascal (échange de correspondance) En combien de coups peut-on espérer obtenir un double six avec deux dés Géométrie analytique - fondateur, comme Descartes Créateur de la méthodes des coordonnées qui permet de situer un point sur une surface. Conception des courbes comme lieux géométriques (c'est-à-dire comme ensemble de points qui vérifient une équation) Premier à donner une méthode générale pour la détermination des tangentes à une courbe plane Unifie les deux domaines de l’algèbre et de la géométrie Calcul différentiel - précurseur, avec ses travaux sur le

23. Fermat, Pierre De (1601-1665) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biogr Mahoney, MS The Mathematical Career of pierre de fermat, 16011665, 2nd rev. ed.Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1994. © Eric W. Weisstein http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Fermat.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality French Fermat, Pierre de (1601-1665) French lawyer who pursued mathematics in his spare time. Although he pursued mathematics as an amateur, his work in number theory was of such exceptional quality and erudition that he is generally regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of all times. He had the habit of scribbling notes in the margins of books or in letters to friends rather than publishing them. He discovered analytic geometry independently of Descartes , but did not publish his work. He founded the theory of probability with Pascal and discovered the least time principle which states that light will travel through an optical system in such a way as to pass from starting to ending point in the least amount of time (a concept from calculus of variations ). Fermat solved many fundamental calculus problems, and made important contributions to number theory and optics. He was also fluent in French, Italian, Spanish, Latin, and Greek. He is most famous for scribbling a note in the margin of a book by Diophantus that he had discovered a proof that the equation x n y n z n has no integer solutions for n >2. He stated "I have discovered a truly marvelous proof of this, which however the margin is not large enough to contain." The proposition, which came to be known as

24. Bienvenue Sur Le Site De L'Association Des Anciens élèves Du Lycée Pierre De Site officiel de l'association histoire et actualit© de l'association, annuaire, photos de classe, informations sur le coll¨ge et le lyc©e. http://www.anciens-fermat.com

25. Fermat, Pierre De fermat, pierre de. French mathematician who, with Blaise Pascal, founded thetheory of probability and the modern theory of numbers. http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0003744.html

// Show bread crumbs navigation path. breadcrumbs('four'); //> From: www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/ ENCYCLOPAEDIA Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia Men's Health ... Wildlife Frames not supported Frames not supported Encyclopaedia Search Click a letter for the index A B C D ... Z Or search the encyclopaedia: Fermat, Pierre de French mathematician who, with Blaise Pascal , founded the theory of probability and the modern theory of numbers. Fermat also made contributions to analytical geometry. In 1657 Fermat published a series of problems as challenges to other mathematicians, in the form of theorems to be proved. states that equations of the form x n y n z n where x y z , and n are all integers have no solutions if n Related Links probability mathematics Pascal, Blaise chance ... Dictionary of Computers - computing device Tajikistan Flag Red recalls the previous flag. Green represents agricultural produce. Effective date 24 November 1992. Buy Cheap Games Gran Turismo 4 Win £500 cash Volunteer to take part in our Tiscali survey and you could win £500 to spend on whatever you want. Print now Send to a friend Related articles Related products var st_pg=""; var st_ai=""; var st_v=1.0; var st_ci="762"; var st_di="d001"; var st_dd="st.sageanalyst.net"; var st_tai="v:1.2.3";

26. Fermat, Pierre De --  Encyclopædia Britannica fermat, pierre de French mathematician who is often called the founder of themodern theory of numbers. Together with René descartes, fermat was one of the http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034048

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Life and early work Analyses of curves. Disagreement with other Cartesian views Work on theory of numbers ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Fermat, Pierre de  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 6 Pierre de Fermat born August 17, 1601, Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France died January 12, 1665, Castres By courtesy of the Musees de la Ville de Narbonne, France French mathematician who is often called the founder of the modern theory of numbers . Together with , Fermat was one of the two leading mathematicians of the first half of the 17th century. Independently of Descartes, Fermat discovered the fundamental principle of

27. Fermat, Pierre De --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia fermat, pierre de (1601–65). One of the leading mathematicians of the 17th centurywas the Frenchman pierre de fermat. His work was all the more remarkable http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9274290

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Pierre de Fermat Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Fermat, Pierre de  Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Pierre de Fermat Fermat, Pierre de... (75 of 186 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Fermat, Pierre de." Britannica Student Encyclopedia http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9274290

28. Pierre De Fermat fermat, pierre de , 1601–65, French mathematician. See MS Mahoney, TheMathematical Career of pierre de fermat 1601–1665 (2d rev. ed. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0818496.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites 2006 TFK Almanac Quiz: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory SpongeBob Lemony Snicket ... Fantasy Books Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Fermat, Pierre de [pyer d u Pronunciation Key Fermat, Pierre de , French mathematician. A magistrate whose avocation was mathematics, Fermat is known as a founder of modern number theory and probability theory. He also did much to establish coordinate geometry (see Cartesian coordinates ) and invented a number of methods for determining maxima and minima that were later of use to Newton in applying the calculus. He noted without proof, although he claimed to have discovered one, the assertion now known as Fermat's Last Theorem, . which states that the equation x n y n z n , where x, y, z, and n are nonzero integers, has no solutions for n that are greater than 2. Prizes were offered for a proof of this theorem, and attempted proofs resulted in many developments in the theory of numbers. British mathematician Andrew Wiles described a proof of the conjecture in 1993, but a gap in the proof required additional work, which was completed in 1994. However, Wiles's proof involved mathematical concepts that were unknown in Fermat's lifetime, so whether Fermat had a valid proof remains conjecture. In optics Fermat recognized that of all possible paths, light takes the path that takes the least time; this fundamental rule is known as Fermat's principle. See M. S. Mahoney

29. Pierre De Fermat: Biography And Much More From Answers.com fermat, pierre de b. Beaumontde-Lomagne, France, August, 1601, d. Castres, nearToulouse, France, January 12, 1665 fermat was a lawyer whose. http://www.answers.com/topic/pierre-de-fermat

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Scientist Dictionary Encyclopedia WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Pierre de Fermat Scientist Fermat, Pierre de [b. Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France, August, 1601, d. Castres, near Toulouse, France, January 12, 1665] Fermat was a lawyer whose thoughts on mathematics were transmitted mainly by correspondence with other mathematicians. He discovered analytic geometry a year before Descartes had the same idea. Fermat employed some of the main ideas of calculus before either Newton or Leibniz. His main fame today, however, comes from his work in number theory. Fermat's "last theorem," which is that for natural numbers x, y, and z there is no natural number n greater than 2 for which x n + y n = z n is true, is especially well known. Fermat claimed a proof of this theorem, but did not reveal it. It was finally proved in 1995. Dictionary Fer·mat fĕr-m¤ Pierre de French mathematician who developed number theory and probability theory. Encyclopedia Fermat, Pierre de

30. Pierre De Fermat See MS Mahoney, The Mathematical Career of pierre de fermat 1601–1665 (2d rev.ed. (mathematician solves theorem proposed by pierre de fermat in 1637) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0818496.html

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31. The Prime Glossary: Fermat, Pierre De Welcome to the Prime Glossary a collection of definitions, information and factsall related to prime numbers. This pages contains the entry titled fermat http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=Fermat

32. Fermat, Pierre De - Columbia Encyclopedia® Article About Fermat, Pierre De Columbia Encyclopedia® article about fermat, pierre de. fermat, pierre de.Information about fermat, pierre de in the Columbia Encyclopedia®. http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Fermat, Pierre de

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='Fermat, Pierre de' join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia Fermat, Pierre de Also found in: Wikipedia Hutchinson 0.03 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback Fermat, Pierre de number theory number theory, p p ; the first few primes are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19. Click the link for more information. and probability probability, in mathematics, assignment of a number as a measure of the "chance" that a given event will occur. There are certain important restrictions on such a probability measure. In any experiment there are certain possible outcomes; the set of all possible outcomes is called the sample space of the experiment. Click the link for more information. theory. He also did much to establish coordinate geometry (see Cartesian coordinates Cartesian coordinates P is specified by the pair of numbers ( x,y

33. Elementary Number Theory - Columbia Encyclopedia® Article About Elementary Numb Click the link for more information. , and pierre de fermat fermat, pierre de (pyerd? fermä`), 1601–65, French mathematician. A magistrate whose avocation http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Elementary number theory

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='number theory' join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia number theory (redirected from Elementary number theory Also found in: Wikipedia Hutchinson 0.03 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback number theory, p p a is a product ( a p p p p n Euler Euler, Leonhard Click the link for more information. , C. F. Gauss Gauss, Carl Friedrich Click the link for more information. , and Pierre de Fermat Fermat's Last Theorem, which states that the equation x n y n z n , where x, y, z, and n are nonzero integers, has no solutions for n that are greater than 2. Prizes were offered for a proof of this theorem, and attempted proofs resulted in many developments in the theory of numbers. Click the link for more information. . It remains a major area of mathematical research, to which the most sophisticated mathematical tools have been applied. Bibliography See O. Ore

34. Fermat, Pierre De pierre de fermat. Dana Pellegrino, History of Mathematics Research Paper, Spring2000. pierre de fermat was one of the most brilliant and productive http://www.math.rutgers.edu/courses/436/436-s00/Papers2000/pellegrino.html

Pierre de Fermat Dana Pellegrino, History of Mathematics Research Paper, Spring 2000 Pierre de Fermat was one of the most brilliant and productive mathematicians of his time, making many contributions to the differential and integral calculus, number theory, optics, and analytic geometry, as well as initiating the development of probability theory in correspondence with Pascal. In this paper, we shall examine some of Fermat's contributions to the world of mathematics, paying specific attention to his work in number theory and in optics. Pierre de Fermat was born on August 17, 1601 in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France, and died on January 12, 1665 in Castres. He was the son of a prosperous leather merchant, and became a lawyer and magistrate (Singh, page 35). While not much is known of this French mathematician's early life and education, it is known that Fermat attended the University of Toulouse before moving to Bordeaux in the second half of the 1620s. He was educated at home and began his first serious mathematical researches in Bordeaux. He was also in contact with Beaugrand, and it was at this time that Fermat produced important work on maxima and minima (World Book). He communicated this work to Etienne d'Espagnet, who shared his mathematical interests. From Bordeaux Fermat went to Orléans, where he studied law at the University. He received a degree in civil law and at the age of thirty was inducted as the "commissioner of requests." By 1631, Fermat was a lawyer and government official in Toulouse, and was promoted to a king's councillorship in the parliament of Toulouse in 1648. "Fermat's offices made him a member of that social class also and entitled him to add the de' to his name, which he did from 1631 on" (Mahoney, page 16). The office he now held entitled him to change his name from Pierre Fermat to Pierre de Fermat, as "de" is the mark of nobility in France.

35. Fermat, Pierre De. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 fermat, pierre de. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/fe/Fermat-P.html

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36. MSN Encarta - Pierre De Fermat more Further Reading. Search for books and more related to fermat, pierre de.Encarta Search. Search Encarta about fermat, pierre de http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553223/Pierre_De_Fermat.html

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37. MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Pierre De Fermat French mathematician pierre de fermat formulated a theorem that mathematiciansspent centuries trying to prove. The theorem, called fermat’s Last Theorem, http://encarta.msn.com/media_461550502/Pierre_de_Fermat.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Multimedia from Encarta Appears in Pierre de Fermat French mathematician Pierre de Fermat formulated a theorem that mathematicians spent centuries trying to prove. The theorem, called Fermat’s Last Theorem, stipulates that the Pythagorean equation (a + b = c ) is true only for squares and that no positive integers can be found to satisfy the equation when the exponent is greater than two. While the unique theorem has a limited practical use, attempts to prove it have generated important discoveries in algebra and analysis. Corbis Appears in these articles: Mathematics; Fermat’s Last Theorem Fermat, Pierre de Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. ... Join Now © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

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39. PIERRE DE FERMAT - LoveToKnow Article On PIERRE DE FERMAT fermat, pierre de (16011665), French mathematician, was born on the I 7th ofAugust 1601, atBeaumont-de-Lomagne near Montauban. While still young, he, http://71.1911encyclopedia.org/F/FE/FERMAT_PIERRE_DE.htm

PIERRE DE FERMAT FERMAT, PIERRE DE Fermat was for some time councillor for the parliament of Toulouse, and in the discharge of the duties of that office he was distinguished both for legal knowledge and for strict integrity of conduct. Though the sciences were the principal objects of his private studies, he was also an accomplished general scholar and an excellent linguist. He died at Toulouse on the 12th of January f 665. He left a son, Samuel de Fermat (163o169o) who published translations of several Greek authOrs and wrote certain books on law in addition to editing his fathers works. The Opera mathematica of Fermat were published at Toulouse, in 2 vois. folio, I670 and 1679. The first contains the Arithmetic of Diophantus, with notes and additions. The second includes a Method for the Quadrature of Parabolas, and a treatise on Maxima and Minima, on Tangents, and on Centres of Gravity, containing the same solutions of a variety of problems as were afterwards incorporated into the more extensive method of fluxions by Newton and Leibnitz. In the same volume are treatises on Geometric Loci, or Spherical Tangencies, and on the Rectification of Curves, besides a restoration of Apolloniuss Plane Loci, together with the authors correspondence addressed to Descartes, Pascal, Roberval, Huygens and others. The fEuvres of Fermat have been re-edited by P. Tannery and C. Henry (Paris, 1891-1894). See Paul Tannery, Sur Ia date des principales dbcouvertes de Fermat, in the Bulletin Darboux (1883); and Les Manuscrits de Fermat, in the Annales de Ia facult des lettres de Bordeaux.

40. FERMAT, PIERRE DE. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 See MS Mahoney, The Mathematical Career of pierre de fermat 1601–1665 (2d rev.ed. 1994); AD Aczel, fermat’s Last Theorem (1996); S. Singh and J. Lynch, http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C11/C11Links/www.bartleby.com/65/fe/Fermat-P.html

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