1. Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Clausius (1822 1888) Germany He was Professor of Physics at Berlin (1850), Zurich (1855), Wurzburg (1867) and Bonn (1869). He worked with http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Biografia De Clausius, Rudolf Emanuel Reportajes. Los protagonistas de la actualidad. Clausius, Rudolf Emanuel (Koszalin, actual Polonia, 1822Bonn, 1888) F sico alem n. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Rudolf Clausius: Biography And Much More From Answers.com Clausius, Rudolf JE Rudolf JE Clausius Library of Congress b. Köslin,Pomerania (Poland), January 2, 1822, d. http://www.answers.com/topic/rudolf-clausius

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Scientist Dictionary Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Rudolf Clausius Scientist Clausius, Rudolf J. E. Rudolf J. E. Clausius Library of Congress [b. K¶slin, Pomerania (Poland), January 2, 1822, d. Bonn, Germany, August 24, 1888] Clausius continued the work on thermodynamics originated by Nicolas Sadi Carnot and in 1850 became the first to state the second law of thermodynamics, which resolved some difficulties in Carnot's theory. In 1865 Clausius introduced the term entropy to describe the distribution of heat in a system, restating the second law as "in a closed system, entropy always increases." Clausius also contributed to chemistry by correctly proposing in 1851 that an electric current passes through a solution because of ionization, although few believed him at the time. Dictionary Clau·si·us klou zē-ʊs Rudolf German mathematician and physicist noted for his contributions to the laws of thermodynamics. Encyclopedia Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel

4. Clausius_Note Rudolf Clausius German physicist commonly known as one of the founders of thermodynamics. The notion of entropy http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Physics History first measurement of the velocity of light in the laboratory using a toothed wheel 1850 Rudolf Clausius, second law of thermodynamics http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. MSN Encarta - Search Results - Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Gas Rudolf Clausius’s kinetic theory of gases ( The Nobel Foundation) MSN Encarta Premium. Get more results for clausius rudolf Julius Emanuel http://encarta.msn.com/Clausius_Rudolf_Julius_Emanuel.html

fdbkURL="/encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Clausius+Rudolf+Julius+Emanuel#bottom"; errmsg1="Please select a rating."; errmsg2="Please select a reason for your rating."; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Join Now Searched Encarta for ' Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel' Articles Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel (1822-88), German mathematical physicist, who was one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics. He was born... ... (?-936), duke of Burgundy and king of France (923-936), also called Raoul. Rudolf was the son of Richard, duke of Burgundy. He... See all search results in Articles (123) Maps Map of Emanuel Emanuel Lasker Emanuel Ungaro ... Learn more. Go to Magazine Center MSN Encarta Premium Get more results for "Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel" 61 results on MSN Encarta 148 results on MSN Encarta Premium Click here to join today! Advertisement document.write('

7. Clausius - Clausiu (clapeyron Clausius, Clausius Rudolf, Clapeyron clausius clapeyron clausius clausius rudolf clapeyron clausius de ecuacion clapeyron clausius equation clapeyron clausius quimica http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel (18221888), German mathematical physicist, who was one of the founders of the science of thermodynamics. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Thermodynamics Calorimetry. Carnot, Nicolas L onard Sadi. Chemistry, Physical. Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel. Conservation Laws. Cybernetics. Energy. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Clausius, Rudolf (Julius Emanuel) Clausius, Rudolf (Julius Emanuel) Clausius b. Jan. 2, 1822, K slin, Prussia d. Aug. 24, 1888, Bonn http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Clausius Rudolf Clausius (18221888). Drawing by Soshichi Uchii. BACK TO GALLERY INDEX.Last modified, January 25, 1999. suchii@bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp. http://www.bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp/phisci/Gallery/clausius.html

Rudolf Clausius [Drawing by Soshichi Uchii] BACK TO GALLERY INDEX Last modified, January 25, 1999. suchii@bun.kyoto-u.ac.jp

12. MSN Encarta - Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius - Wikipedia Translate this page Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius wird am 2. Januar 1822 im pommernschen Köslin alsSohn eines Pastors und Schulrats geboren. Nach Abschluss des Gymnasiums in http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Julius_Emanuel_Clausius

Wikimedia braucht Ihre Hilfe Helfen Sie uns, 200.000$ zu sammeln, damit Wikipedia und ihre Schwesterprojekte auch weiterhin kostenlos und werbefrei der Allgemeinheit zur Verf¼gung stehen. Weitere Informationen auf unserer Spenden-Seite Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklop¤die Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius 2. Januar in K¶slin 24. August in Bonn ) war ein deutscher Physiker Als Sohn eines Schulrats studierte Clausius in Berlin und Halle (Saale) . Er wurde Professor f¼r Physik in Berlin (K¶nigliche Artillerie- und Ingenieurschule). ging er nach Z¼rich ¼ber W¼rzburg dann nach Bonn Nach der Entdeckung des W¤rmeerhaltungssatzes durch Mayer und Joule musste eine neue W¤rmelehre gefunden werden. Dieser Aufgabe widmete sich Clausius, indem er von der F¤higkeit der W¤rme ausging, sich in Arbeit umzuwandeln. Er erfasste den 2. Hauptsatz der W¤rmelehre , dass W¤rme nicht ohne sonstige Ver¤nderungen von einem kalten auf einen w¤rmeren K¶rper ¼bergeht (Unm¶glichkeit eines Perpetuum Mobile der 2. Art).

14. Clausius Rudolf Clausius (18221888). Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme. Annalen derPhysik und Chemie , 79, 368-97, 500-24 (1850) translated and excerpted in http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/Clausius.html

Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) Annalen der Physik und Chemie , 368-97, 500-24 (1850) [translated and excerpted in William Francis Magie, A Source Book in Physics [New York: McGraw-Hill, 1935] Since heat was first used as a motive power in the steam-engine, thereby suggesting from practice that a certain quantity of work may be treated as equivalent to the heat needed to produce it, it was natural to assume also in theory a definite relation between a quantity of heat and the work which in any possible way can be produced by it, and to use this relation in drawing conclusions about the nature and the laws of heat itself. In fact, several fruitful investigations of this sort have already been made; yet I think that the subject is not yet exhausted, but on the other hand deserves the earnest attention of physicists, partly because serious objections can be raised to the conclusions that have already been reached, partly because other conclusions, which may readily be drawn and which will essentially contribute to the establishment and completion of the theory of heat, still remain entirely unnoticed or have not yet been stated with sufficient definiteness. The most important of the researches here referred to was that of S. Carnot

15. Clausius Rudolf Clausius (18221888). On the nature of the motion which we call heat. Ueber die Art der Bewegung welche wir Wärme nennen, Annalen der Physik 100, http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/CLAUSIUS57.html

Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) On the nature of the motion which we call heat Annalen der Physik , 353-380 (1857); translation published in Philosophical Magazine , 108-127 (1857) [from Stephen G. Brush, Kinetic Theory vol. 1 (Oxford: Pergamon, 1965)] 1. Before writing my first memoir on heat, which was published in 1850, and in which heat is assumed to be a motion, I had already formed for myself a distinct conception of the nature of this motion, and had even employed the same in several investigations and calculations. In my former memoirs I intentionally avoided mentioning this conception, because I wished to separate the conclusions which are deducible from certain general principles from those which presuppose a particular kind of motion, and because I hoped to be able at some future time to devote a separate memoir to my notion of this motion and to the special conclusions which flow therefrom. The execution of this project, however, has been retarded longer than I at first expected, inasmuch as the difficulties of the subject, as well as other occupations, have hitherto prevented me from giving to its development that degree of completeness which I deemed necessary for publication. In the first place, the hypothesis of a rotary as well as a progressive motion of the molecules at once suggests itself; for at every impact of two bodies, unless the same happens to be central and rectilinear, a rotary as well as a translatory motion ensues.

16. Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Clausius. Rudolf Clausius AKA Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius. Born2Jan-1822 Birthplace Köslin, Prussia, Germany Died 24-Aug-1888 http://www.nndb.com/people/951/000100651/

This is a beta version of NNDB Search: All Names Living people Dead people Band Names Book Titles Movie Titles Full Text for Rudolf Clausius AKA Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius Born: 2-Jan-1822 Birthplace: Died: 24-Aug-1888 Location of death: Bonn, Germany Cause of death: unspecified Gender: Male Ethnicity: White Occupation: Physicist Level of fame: Niche Executive summary: Second Law of Thermodynamics Privatdocent James Clerk Maxwell calling him its principal founder. It was he who raised it, on the basis of the dynamical theory of heat, to the level of a theory, and he carried out many numerical determinations in connection with it, e.g. of the mean free path of a molecule. To Clausius also was due an important advance in the theory of electrolysis, and he put forward the idea that molecules in electrolytes are continually interchanging atoms, the electric force not causing, but merely directing, the interchange. This view found little favor until 1887, when it was taken up by Svante Arrhenius , who made it the basis of the theory of electrolytic dissociation. In addition to many scientific papers he wrote Die Potentialfunktion und das Potential , 1864, and University: University of Berlin (studied 1840-44) University: University of Halle (1848) Professor: Physics, Royal Artillery and Engineering School, Berlin (1850-)

17. Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Clausius. Born 2 Jan 1822 in Koslin, Prussia (now Koszalin, Poland) Rudolf Clausius was professor of physics in Berlin (1850), then in Zurich http://www.eat-online.net/english/education/biographies/clausius .htm

Rudolf Clausius Born: 2 Jan 1822 in Koslin, Prussia (now Koszalin, Poland) Died: 24 Aug 1888 in Bonn, Germany Rudolf Clausius was professor of physics in Berlin (1850), then in Zurich (1855), then at Würzburg (1867) and finally at Bonn (1869). Essentially a theoretical physicist, he did important work in thermodynamics. In a paper of 1865 he stated the First and Second laws of thermodynamics in the following form. 1. The energy of the universe is constant. 2. The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum. In all Clausius wrote eight important papers on the topic. He restated Sadi Carnot's principle of the efficiency of heat engines. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation expresses the relation between the pressure and temperature at which two phases of a substance are in equilibrium. References Dictionary of Scientific Biography Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica J W Gibbs, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Clausius, Proc. Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences G Ronge, Die Zuricher Jahre des Physikers Rudolf Clausius, Gesnerus E Mendoza (ed.)

18. Rudolf Clausius - Enpsychlopedia Rudolf Clausius physicist and mathematician. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (January2, It uses material from the Wikipedia article Rudolf Clausius . http://psychcentral.com/psypsych/Rudolf_Clausius

home resource directory disorders quizzes ... support forums Rudolf Clausius Missing image Rudolf_Clausius.jpg Rudolf Clausius - physicist and mathematician Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius January 2 August 24 ), was a German physicist and mathematician. Clausius was one of the founders of thermodynamics . His most important paper, on the mechanical theory of heat, published in , first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics . In he introduced the concept of entropy Clausius graduated from the University of Berlin in , and got his doctorate from the University of Halle in . He then taught in Berlin, Zürich Würzburg , and Bonn In Clausius organized an ambulance corps in the Franco-Prussian War . He was wounded in battle, leaving him with a lasting disability. He was awarded the Iron Cross for his services. His wife, Adelheid Rimpham, died in childbirth in , leaving him to raise their six children. He continued to teach, but had less time for research thereafter. A crater on the Moon was named in his honor. edit External link Clausius biography from the University of Saint Andrews http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Clausius.html

19. Rudolf Clausius - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Rudolf Clausius physicist and mathematician. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (January2, 1822 – August 24, 1888), was a German physicist and mathematician. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Clausius

Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$145,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Rudolf Clausius From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rudolf Clausius - physicist and mathematician Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius January 2 August 24 ), was a German physicist and mathematician. Clausius was one of the founders of thermodynamics . His most important paper, on the mechanical theory of heat, published in , first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics . In he introduced the concept of entropy Clausius graduated from the University of Berlin in , and got his doctorate from the University of Halle in . He then taught in Berlin, Z¼rich W¼rzburg , and Bonn In Clausius organized an ambulance corps in the Franco-Prussian War . He was wounded in battle, leaving him with a lasting disability. He was awarded the Iron Cross for his services. His wife, Adelheid Rimpham, died in childbirth in , leaving him to raise their six children. He continued to teach, but had less time for research thereafter. Clausius crater on the Moon was named in his honor.

20. Encyclopedia: Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Clausius physicist and mathematician. Rudolf Clausius - physicist andmathematician. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (January 2, 1822 – August 24, http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Rudolf-Clausius

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Rudolf Clausius" also viewed: Laws of thermodynamics Hannes Alfven Aage Bohr Perpetual motion ... Mahatma Gandhi What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Zubeidaa Zowie Bowie Zeta Beta Tau Xendor ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Rudolf Clausius Updated 18 days 16 hours 37 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Clausius - physicist and mathematician Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius January 2 August 24 ), was a German physicist and mathematician. January 2 is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1822 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... A physicist is a scientist trained in physics. ... Clausius was one of the founders of thermodynamics . His most important paper, on the mechanical theory of heat, published in

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