41. Names Of Big Numbers Nine years later, in 1484, a French mathematician, nicolas chuquet (1445 – 1488),completed a treatise entitled Le Triparty en la science des nombres. http://www.sizes.com/numbers/big_numName.htm

names of big numbers At present Britain is in a confusing period of transition. As early as H. W. Fowler, in his influential Modern English Usage Times of London History ). In the American system, which was taken from the French around , the Latin prefix tells how many groups of 3 places are in the written number, not counting the first group of three (the one which represents numbers up to 999). In the other system, the Latin prefix tells what power of a million the number is. # of zeros after 1 groups after 1,000 Name in U.S. (and others) Power of one million Name in Germany million million billion milliard trillion billion quadrillion billiard quintillion trillion sextillion trilliard septillion quadrillion octillion quadrilliard nonillion quintillion decillion quintilliard undecillion sextillion duodecillion sextilliard tredecillion septillion quattordecillion septilliard quindecillion octillion sexdecillion octilliard septendecillion nonillion octodecillion nonilliard novemdecillion decillion vigintillion undecillion duodecillion tredecillion quattordecillion quindecillion sexdecillion septendecillion octodecillion novemdecillion vigintillion centillion centillion The second system is used by most of Europe, including the French, who decided in

42. Arithm10 A century later nicolas chuquet independently developed a system of exponentialnotation. Because at the time almost all work was with a single variable, http://www.pballew.net/arithm10.html

Mathwords, pg 10 Back to Math Words Alphabetical Index Acre The root of the word acre is the Greek agros for field. The same root gives us many modern words related to agriculture. Although the original root described any open area, by the time of the Anglo-Saxons it was used more specifically as the amount of land a yoke of oxen could plow in one day. Sometime in the middle ages it was set equal to its current size, a unit of land equal to 4840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. Antares The brightest star in the Southern Hemisphere is actually a double star system approximately 424 light years from the earth in the constellation of Scorpio. The name antares tells what it is not, literally meaning "not Mars" drawn from anti , for not, and Ares which was the Greek name for the Planet Mars. Ares was the Greek God of War. Because both the planet and the double star have a reddish color, they may have often been confused, leading to the name of the star. Bernoulli Numbers Student's often learn to find the sum of the counting numbers, 1+2+3+...+n by using the formula (n)(n+1)/2. Later they may even discover a formula for the sums of squares, . Around 1631, a mathematician named

43. Church - Columbia Encyclopedia® Article About Church chuquet, nicolas Chuquicamata chuquet, nicolas Chuquiago Chuquicamata Chuquicamata Chuquicamata Chuquicamata, Chile Chuquicamata, Chile http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/church

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='church' join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia church Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus Acronyms Wikipedia 0.02 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback church, aggregation of Christian believers church apostolic succession apostolic succession, in Christian theology, the doctrine asserting that the chosen successors of the apostles enjoyed through God's grace the same authority, power, and responsibility as was conferred upon the apostles by Jesus. Therefore present-day bishops, as the successors of previous bishops, going back to the apostles, have this power by virtue of this unbroken chain. Click the link for more information. ); with this doctrine goes the apostolic power to administer grace through the sacraments sacrament Click the link for more information. . Certain men of the Reformation rejected the doctrine of apostolic succession and substituted for the authority of the church the authority of Scripture alone. Protestants generally interpret the oneness of the church in a mystical sense; the true church is held to be invisibly present in all Christian denominations. The ecumenical movement in recent years has stimulated fresh study on the doctrine of the church.

44. Large Numbers At MROB in writing by nicolas chuquet, a French mathematician living in Lyons As you can see, chuquet intended the names to represent powers of 1000000. http://home.earthlink.net/~mrob/pub/math/largenum.html

Large Numbers Introduction Large numbers have interested me almost all my life This page covers all the huge numbers I have seen discussed in books and web pages, and it actually does so in numerical order (as near as I can tell!) One important thing to notice is that all discussions like this ultimately lead to issues from the theory of algorithms and computation . Appropriately enough, this very page ends with Turing machines just before crossing over to the transfinite numbers. If you want to learn something about the theory of algorithms and computation, get two or more fairly knowledgable people to compete at describing the highest finite number they can describe, and then stand back! Classes First of all, I'm going to define what I call "classes" of numbers. This is a somewhat refined and more precise version of the "levels of perceptual realities" presented by Douglas Hofstadter in his 1982 article "On Number Numbness" ( Scientific American , May 1982, reprinted in Hofstadter's 1985 book Metamagical Themas ). It is a powerful and basic concept but usually goes unsaid. I think you'll agree that the classes make sense and are a useful way to distinguish numbers. Almost all numbers that are easy to make simple statements about (such as which of two numbers is

45. Nicolas Chuquet Biografisk register Translate this page chuquet, nicolas (1445-88) Cohen, Paul J. (1934-) Cole, Frank Nelson (1861-1926)Comandino, Federigo (1506-1575) Cook, Stephen (1939-) http://www.algebra.com/algebra/about/history/Nicolas-Chuquet.wikipedia

Nicolas Chuquet Regular View Dictionary View (all words explained) Algebra Help my dictionary with pronunciation , wikipedia etc Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$145,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Nicolas Chuquet Nicolas Chuquet (born (some sources say c. ) in Paris France ; died (some sources say c. ) in Lyon France ) was a French mathematician whose great work, Triparty en la science des nombres , was unpublished in his lifetime. Most of it, however, was copied without attribution by Estienne de La Roche in his textbook, Larismetique. In the , scholar A Aristide Marre discovered Chuquet's manuscript and published it in . The manuscript contained notes in de la Roche's handwriting. Chuquet's thinking was brilliant and far ahead of its time. He invented his own notation for algebraic concepts and exponentiation. He may have been the first mathematician to recognize zero and negative numbers as exponents. His book shows a huge number divided into groups of six digits, and in a short passage he states that the groups can be called "million, the second mark byllion, the third mark tryllion, the fourth quadrillion, the fifth quyillion, the sixth sixlion, the seventh septyllion, the eighth ottyllion, the ninth nonyllion and so on with others as far as you wish to go.

46. Éditions Ellipses Translate this page La mesure du cercle selon nicolas chuquet - nicolas chuquet, Géométrie - 6.- Approximations - 7. - La tangente à la parabole - APOLLONIUS de Perge, http://www.editions-ellipses.fr/fiche_detaille.asp?identite=1999

47. Untitled nicolas chuquet, (c. 1445 c. 1500) French physician. tex2html_wrap_inline374chuquet wrote Triparty en la science des nombres (1484), a work on algebra and http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/renaissc/renassc.html

Next: About this document April 2, 1997 Algebra in the Renaissance The general cultural movement of the renaissance in Europe had a profound impact also on the mathematics of the time. Italy was especially impacted. The Italian merchants of the time travelled widely throughout the East, bringing goods back in hopes of making a profit. They needed little by way of mathematics. Only the elementary needs of finance were required. determination of costs determination of revenues After the crusades, the commercial revolution changed this system. New technologies in ship building and saftey on the seas allows the single merchant to become a shipping magnate. These sedentary merchants could remain at home and hire others to make the journeys. This allowed and required them to make deals, and finance capital, arrange letters of credit, create bills of exchange, and make interest calculations. Double-entry bookkeeping began as a way of tracking the continuous flow of goods and money. The economy of barter was slowly replaced by the economy of money we have today. Needing more mathematics, they inspired the emergence of a new class of mathematician called

48. WebQuest:  Algebra Adventures In The Middle Ages LEONARD OF PISA (FIBONACCI) nicolas chuquet. JORDANUS NEMORARIUS SCIPIONE DEL FERRO.NICOLE OF ORESME NICCOLO TARTAGLIA. REGIOMONTANUS GIROLAMO CARDANO http://michelle_sinclair.tripod.com/mes.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod TV, Movie News Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next by Michelle Sinclair cLICK HERE TO e-MAIL ME back to index page INTRODUCTION tASK ... NOTES TO TEACHER (INCLUDES STANDARDS) Introduction The year is 3003. You have been selected by the government to be a part of a team of researchers to time travel to the past and study the beginnings of modern math. The time period of focus starts with the middle ages and continues through the Renaissance. This was the age of discovery complete with the growth of universities and the leadership of both a Pope and an Emperor. TASK Your team will be assigned a certain mathematician as your subject of research. Each team member with have tasks to fulfill and information to retrieve. Your results when you return will be presented to an audience of your peers and evaluated by them. The central question of your presentation is "How does this mathematician's algebra compare to our prior algebra studies?" Your team will also compile a portfolio to present your findings. Let's get started. Back to top PROCESS Each member of the team will play a different role. You select amongst yourselves to be a Mathematician, a Historian or a Teacher.

49. WebQuest:  Resources http//wwwgap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Viete.html. nicolas chuquet.http//www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/chuquet.html http://michelle_sinclair.tripod.com/resources.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Back to WebQuest (The teacher is not responsible for any inappropriate material the student may find on the internet while researching for this project) MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/index.html Mathematicians in Richard S. Westfall's Archive http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/External/Westfall_list.html Who was Fibonacci? http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibBio.html Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fibonacci.html Jordanus Nemorarius http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Jordanus.html Nicole of Oresme http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Oresme.html Regiomontanus http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Regiomontanus.html Ludovico Ferrari http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ferrari.html

50. Renaissance And 17th Century Mathematics nicolas chuquet (end of 15th century) writes book with new notation – negativenumbers were introduced and used regularly, but book remains in manuscript http://www-personal.umich.edu/~pberman/renmath.html

Physics 111 Prof. P. Berman Evolution of Scientific Thought Renaissance and 17 th Century Mathematics There is a general discussion of Renaissance mathematics in the Boas book. Unlike the other sciences, mathematics did not require any technological advances for it development. We have already seen this in the level of mathematics achieved in ancient Greece. However, in some sense there were technical advances that were needed for mathematics to move to a new level. Thus, the ancient Greeks developed their system of geometric algebra to deal with irrational numbers. They were also hindered by the lack of a place value system, until they adopted the sexagesimal system of the Babylonians. The Babylonians were strong in algebra because of their number system. In the Renaissance and 17 th centuries, the foundations of modern mathematics were developed. To accomplish this, it was necessary to replace mechanical means of computation (abacus) with algorithms for carrying out the calculations, to systematize a place value method for writing numbers with an appropriate notation, and to develop an effective notation for expressing equations. All these tasks were accomplished between 1450 and 1700, allowing for the introduction of negative and imaginary numbers, for the development of calculus, and the first use of functions. These accomplishments form the foundation of our current theories of algebra, differential and integral calculus, functional analysis, and analytical geometry.

51. 1997-98. VERSENYFELADATOK nicolas chuquet le dice a Margot Multiplique usted or por dos el Pour devineren quelle main est le nombre pair de piece, nicolas chuquet dit á http://berzsenyi.tvnet.hu/~kulcsar/97-98ver.html

verseny feladatai 1. FELADAT: ( 10 pont ) Margot h ''Sodann z Erkl re die Methode von Nicolas Chuquet Margot has got an even number of coins in one hand and an odd number of coins in the other one. In order to find which hand the even number of coins is in, Nicolas Chuquet says: ''Multiply the number of coins of the right hand by two, add it to the number of coins of the left hand and give me the result. '' Explain Nicolas Chuquet's method Margot ha in una mano un numero pari di monete e nell'altra un numero dispari. Al fine di trovare in quale mano ci sia il numero pari di monete, Nicolas Chuquet afferma:''Moltiplicate il numero delle monete della mano destra per due, aggiungetevi vi il numero delle monete contenute nella mano sinestra e ditemi il risultato.'' Si spieghi il metodo di Nicolas Chuquet 2. FELADAT: ( 5 pont ) 3. FELADAT: A KUPA MEGTELT ( 10 pont ) 4. FELADAT: Egy font ( L (5 pont ) 5. FELADAT: ( 10 pont ) 6. FELADAT: ( 5 pont ) 7. FELADAT: ( 10 pont ) 8. FELADAT: ( 5 pont ) 9. FELADAT: ( 10 pont ) 10. FELADAT:

52. Philosophical Themes From CSL: Two works were particularly important in this regard nicolas chuquet’s (c.1440c.1488)Triparty (1484) and Luca Pacioli’s (c.1445-1517) Summa (1494). http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/cslphilos/algebra.htm

Algebra and Geometry in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Home Online Articles Links ... Recommend a Friend Introduction After outlining the state of algebra and geometry at the beginning of the sixteenth century, we move to discuss the advances in these fields between 1500 and 1640. A separate section is devoted to the development and use of algebraic geometry by Descartes, Fermat and Newton. We close with an attempt to assess the relative importance of these developments. State of the Arts: Chuquet and Pacioli At the beginning of the sixteenth century, mathematics was dominated by its Greek heritage and therefore by the study of geometry. But algebra was not wholly absent, and significant advances in notation had been made towards the end of the fifteenth century. Two works were particularly important in this regard: Nicolas Chuquet’s (c.1440-c.1488) Triparty (1484) and Luca Pacioli’s (c.1445-1517) Summa (1494). Pacioli’s symbolism was limited, consisting mostly of abbreviations. Although Chuquet’s symbolism was more advanced, the influence of this work was limited by its very small circulation: it was not properly published until 1880. Algebraic Advances: Cardano, Bombelli, Viète and Harriot

53. Maths In Europe 1445c. 1514); nicolas chuquet (c. 1445-c. 1500); Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519);Johann Widman (bc 1460); Scipione del Ferro (c. 1465-1526); Johannes Werner http://library.thinkquest.org/C006364/ENGLISH/history/historyeurope.htm

Mathematicians through 1500 Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.E.) Balbus (fl. c. 100 C.E.) Anicius Maulius Severinus Boethius (c. 480-524) Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (c. 490-c. 585) Bede (673-735) Alcuin of York (c. 735-804) Gerbert d'Aurillac, Pope Sylvester II (c. 945-1003) Adelard of Bath (1075-1164) John of Seville (c. 1125) Plato of Tivoli (c. 1125) Girard of Cremona (1114-1187) Robert of Chester (c. 1150) Robert Grosseteste (c. 1168-1253) Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) (1170-1240) Alexandre de Villedieu (c. 1225) John of Halifax (Sacrobosco) (c. 1200-1256) Campanus of Novara (c. 1205-1296) Girard of Brussels (c. 1235) Jordanus de Nemore (fl. 1230-1260) Wilhelm of Moerbeke (c. 1215-1286) Roger Bacon (c. 1219-1292) John Pecham (c. 1230-1292) Gerard of Brussels (c. 1250) Witelo (Vitellio) (fl. 1250-1275) John Duns Scotus (1266-1308) William of Ockham (c. 1280-c. 1349) Richard of Wallingford (1291-1336) Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1295-1349) Nicholas Rhabdas (d. 1350) Jean Buridan (c. 1300-1358) John of Meurs (Johannes de Muris) (c. 1343) Albert of Saxony (c. 1316-1390)

54. Correspondance Louis-Claude De Saint-Martin Et Nicolas-Antoine Kirchberger Translate this page Pendant la Révolution française, un baron suisse, nicolas-Antoine Malgré tout,l’édition de Louis Schauer et Alphonse chuquet reste un document http://www.philosophe-inconnu.com/Etudes/correspondance_Kirchberger_pres.htm

Sommaire Etudes Correspondance de Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin avec Nicolas-Antoine Kirchberger Christian Rebisse [1] FAIVRE, Antoine, La Haye, Martinus Nijhoff, 1966, p. 111. Pour en savoir plus Biographie de Nicolas-Antoine Kirchberger, par Jean-Baptiste-Modeste Gence. , La Haye, Martinus Nijhoff, 1966. Etudes Haut page analyse mesure frequentation internet par

55. Biographie De Nicolas-Antoine Kirchberger Par J.-B.-M. Gence chuquet, Paris, Dentu, 1862, 330 p. http://www.philosophe-inconnu.com/Amis_disciples/kircheberger_1.htm

Amis et disciples Jean-Baptiste-Modeste Gence Biographie universelle , Paris, Michaud, 1818, tome XXII p. 436-438) Confessions Emile lui donnait amicalement des avis sur son mariage. (IV,I,144) et par la (juillet 1766, page 181). Bern, la Tour de Goliath raison pure avec leurs propres armes, avec la nomenclature du philosophe de Koenigsberg. Une secte d' Illuminants ou d' Eclaireurs Le livre et le Tableau Naturel, et qu'il appelait Portrait ou Journal historique POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS 1 - Textes Correspondance entre Kirchberger et Saint-Martin 2 - Bibliographie FAIVRE, Antoine, Kirchberger et l'illuminisme du XVIII e analyse mesure frequentation internet par Sommaire Haut page Amis et disciples

56. TIMELINE 15th CENTURY Page Of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE or 1475 1484 Triparty en la Sciences des Nombres, by nicolas chuquet, ispublished. yet nicolas chuquet considers this merely a useful convention, http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline15.html

TIMELINE 15th CENTURY Return to Timeline Table of Contents Return to Ultimate SF Table of Contents TIMELINE 15th CENTURY May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its entirety, and without charge. We examine both works of fiction and important contemporaneous works on non-fiction which set the context for early Science Fiction and Fantasy. There are Most recently updated: 24 December 2003 (major expansion to approx. 46 Kilobytes) 15th Century Executive Summary of the Century Major Books of the Decade 1400-1410 Major Books of the Decade 1410-1420 Major Books of the Decade 1420-1430 ... Where to Go for More : 51 Useful Reference Books Executive Summary of the Century The Renaissance begins halfway through this century. To pick a specific date, see 1453. Classical Greek and more recent Arabic books of Science and Literature explode into Europe, clambering back onto its feet from the previous Century's Black Death . The Scientific Revolution is poised to be born, and Science Fiction will be born with it, as a mutant twin. Magic Alchemy , and Astrology began to be slowly displaced by Science Chemistry , and Astronomy . By the 20th Century, the world of Science had almost completely triumphed, with the possible exception of Astrology colums being syndicated to so many newspapers. In fiction, this conceptual split eventually became codified as the difference between the fiction genres of

57. Le Nom Des Nombres - Commentaire Translate this page nicolas chuquet, qui inventa ces mots en 1484, va un peu plus loin mais nouslaisse aussi sur notre faim million, byllion, tryllion, quadrillion, http://www.graner.net/nicolas/nombres/nom-exp.php

Commentaire de Comme il existe le site d'Olivier Miakinen l'article sur les liponombres ). Nicolas Chuquet, qui inventa ces mots en 1484, va un peu plus loin mais nous laisse aussi sur notre faim : million, byllion, tryllion, quadrillion, quillion, sixlion, septyllion, octyllion, nonyllion "et ainsi des aultres"... googol " et " googolplex sur le site d'Olivier Miakinen Le programme de conversion. 1. Manuellement, sur le Web. N googol 2. Sur votre propre ordinateur. le langage Perl 3. Dans vos propres pages Web. http://graner.net/nicolas/nombres/?12345 Par exemple, si vous utilisez le langage PHP vous pouvez mettre dans votre page : et cela affichera : nous sommes en l'an deux mille cinq readfile par ou file Nicolas.Graner@cri.u-psud.fr [retour au programme de conversion] N I C O ... http://graner.net/nicolas/

58. À§´ëÇѼöÇÐÀÚ ¸ñ·Ï chuquet, nicolas chuquet Born 1445 in Paris, France Died1488 in Lyon, France; Church, Alonzo Church Born 14 June 1903 in Washington, http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_seek_great&init=C

59. AME - Bibliothèque De Projets Translate this page Appendice au Triparty en la science des nombres, de nicolas chuquet, parisien.Travail de diplôme février 2002. STS, nicolas chuquet, Histoire http://ame.epfl.ch/biblio.php?categorie=8&projet=38

60. 2 Algebraic Notation His book strongly influenced the French nicolas chuquet (14451488), who in 1484composed a treatise entitled ``Triparty en les science de nombres . http://www.hf.uio.no/filosofi/njpl/vol2no1/history/node2.html

Next: 3 Logic and Computation Up: A Brief History of Previous: 1 Introduction 2 Algebraic Notation Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780?-847?), who worked at Baghdad's ``House of Wisdom'', is often credited with being the father of algebra. His book ``Al-jabr wa'l muqabalah'', which can be translated as ``restauration and reduction'', gives a straight-forward and elementary exposition of the solution of equations. A typical problem, taken from chapter V, is the division of ten into two parts in such a way that ``the sum of the products obtained by multiplying each part by itself is equal to fifty eight''. The solution, three and seven, is constructed geometrically in quite an elegant fashion. Besides his own methods, al-Khwarizmi uses procedures of Greek origin such as proposition 4 of book II in Euclid's Elements: If a straight line is cut at random, the square on the whole is equal to the squares on the segments and twice the rectangles contained by the segments. Figure 1: Geometric solution of equations. Take a look at Figure . Euclid's theorem states that the sum of the shaded squares and the two remaining rectangles is equal to the whole square. In the case of al-Khwarizmi's problem, the whole square has 100 units since the straight line has ten units. The two shaded squares on the segments have fifty-eight units and so al-Khwarizmi concludes that each rectangle amounts to twenty-one units. To complete the solution of the problem, we quote from Rosen's translation of al-Khwarizmi's Algebra:

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