1. Callippus Biography of callippus (370BC310BC) The dates given for the birth and deathof callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is known to have been working http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Callippus.html

Callippus of Cyzicus Born: about 370 BC in Cyzicus, Asia Minor (now Turkey) Died: about 310 BC Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing The dates given for the birth and death of Callippus of Cyzicus are guesses but he is known to have been working with Aristotle in Athens starting in 330 BC. We know that Callippus was a student in the School of Eudoxus . We also know that he made his astronomical observations on the shores of the Hellespont, which can be deduced from the observations themselves. Simplicius writes in his commentary on De caelo by Aristotle (see for example [1]):- Callippus of Cyzicus, having studied with Polemarchus, Eudoxus ' pupil, following him to Athens dwelt with Aristotle , correcting and completing, with Aristotle 's help, the discoveries of Eudoxus Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle comprising 940 months to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers. This calendar of Callippus is examined in detail by van der Waerden in [6].

2. Callippus Biography of callippus (370BC310BC) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. References For Callippus References for the biography of callippus. The URL of this page ishttp//wwwhistory.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/callippus.html. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Callippus.html

References for Callippus Version for printing Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Books: Calendar, Encyclopaedia Britannica. T L Heath, Aristarchus of Samos (Oxford, 1913). T L Heath, A History of Greek Mathematics (2 Vols.) (Oxford, 1921). O Neugebauer, A history of ancient mathematical astronomy (New York, 1975). Articles: B L van der Waerden, Greek astronomical calendars. II. Callippos and his calendar, Arch. Hist. Exact Sci. Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR April 1999 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/References/Callippus.html

4. Callippus Biography of callippus of Cyzicus (BCBC) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Callippus Of Cyzicus (ca. 370-ca. 300 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scie callippus of Cyzicus (ca. 370ca. 300 BC). Greek philosopher who added morespheres to account for planetary motion, and specifically for the differing http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Callippus.html

Branch of Science Astronomers Branch of Science Philosophers ... Greek Callippus of Cyzicus (ca. 370-ca. 300 BC) Greek philosopher who added more spheres to account for planetary motion, and specifically for the differing lengths of the seasons He also accurately measured the length of the solar year Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews) Bonn Greek and Roman Science and Technology

6. A Brief History Of Time From Thales to callippus http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Lunar Cycles -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Astronomy Callipic cycle A lunar cycle noted by callippus in 325 BC which included 419year Metonic cycles. The 940 months had 29 or 30 days each, for a total of http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/astronomy/LunarCycles.html

Observational Astronomy Moon Phases and Cycles Lunar Cycles Callipic cycle : A lunar cycle noted by Callippus in 325 BC which included 4 19-year Metonic cycles . The 940 months had 29 or 30 days each, for a total of 27,759 days. Hipparchic cycle : Four Callipic cycles less a day, in which days are very nearly 3760 months. Metonic cycle : 19 year cycle corresponding the 235 lunar months, over which phases of the moon almost land on the same dates of the year. This cycle was the basis for the Greek calendar. octaeteris Saros cycle : The period after which the pattern of lunar and solar eclipses repeat, 18 years and 11 days. sidereal period: The period for the Moon to complete a revolution relative to the fixed stars, 27.322 days. synodic period: The period for the Moon to complete a revolution relative to the Earth Sun line. This is the period for lunar phases as seen for Earth , called the month , and taking 29.53 days for one phase cycle. Callipic Cycle Hipparchic Cycle Metonic Cycle Month ... Octaeteris

8. TMTh CALLIPPUS OF CYZICUS ASTRONOMER callippus OF CYZICUS (fl. c. 370 BC) One of the craters on the moon has been named "callippus" in his honour. Work callippus http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. TMTh:: CALLIPPUS OF CYZICUS One of the craters on the moon has been named callippus in his honour.Work callippus developed and perfected the system of concentric spheres proposed by http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/2/22.html

Home Ancient Greek Scientists AGRICULTURALISTS ARCHITECTS ... PHYSICISTS ASTRONOMER CALLIPPUS OF CYZICUS (fl. c. 370 BC) Life Studied in Cyzicus (Asia Minor) with Ptolemarchus, a friend of Eudoxus, whom he succeeded as head of the school. Later he went to Athens, where he studied with Aristotle. One of the craters on the moon has been named "Callippus" in his honour. Work Callippus developed and perfected the system of concentric spheres proposed by Eudoxus, adding seven more spheres - one for each of the planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn) and one each for the sun and the moon, both then considered planets - for a total of 34. He made detailed observations of the rising and setting of the fixed stars, especially the "dawn-risers" and "evening-setters". His calculation of the duration of the seasons - Spring 94 days, Summer 92, Autumn 89, Winter 90 - was accurate to within 0.08 - 0.44 days. He improved on Meton's 19-year luni-solar calendar, introducing the 76-year (4 x 19) cycle named after him, which skipped one day every 76 years, and gave a year of 365.25 days and a month of 29.53. His sole known work, "On the System of the Planets", is lost. Contact the Science Center and Technology Museum

10. Ancient History Sourcebook Pausanias Description Of Greece, Book The thesmothetae (lawgivers) were painted by Protogenes3 the Caunian, and Olbiades4 portrayed callippus, who led the Athenians to Thermopylae http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Callippus - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia callippus (or Calippus) (circa 370 BC–circa 300 BC) was a Greek astronomer. Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/callippus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callippus

Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$145,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Callippus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Callippus or Calippus circa 370 B.C.– circa 300 B.C.) was a Greek astronomer He was born at Cyzicus , and studied under Eudoxus . He observed the movements of the planets and attempted to use Eudoxus' scheme of connected spheres to account for their movements. However he found that 26 spheres was insufficient to account for the planetary movements, and so he added eight more for a total of 34. He also made careful measurements of the lengths of the seasons, and used this to build a 76-year cycle to synchronize the lunar and solar years. This was adopted in 330 B.C. and subsequently used by later astronomers. Calippus crater on the Moon is named for him. edit External links Callippus of Cyzicus astronomer -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callippus

12. Callippus Definition of callippus http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. The Internet Classics Archive | Against Callippus By Demosthenes Against callippus By Demosthenes Translated by Vince/DeWitt/Murray. This work isonly provided via the Perseus Project at Tufts University. http://classics.mit.edu/Demosthenes/dem.52.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help Against Callippus By Demosthenes Translated by Vince/DeWitt/Murray This work is only provided via the Perseus Project at Tufts University. You may begin reading the English translation as well as the Greek version and a Greek version with morphological links If you have any questions about the Perseus Project texts in the Internet Classics Archive, including the Perseus Project , please consult the help pages . Please direct any inquiries about the texts themselves to the Perseus Project Webmaster at webmaster@perseus.tufts.edu. Commentary: No comments have been posted about Against Callippus Add your own comment to start discussion. Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site

14. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics Callippus Of Cyzicus callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370c. 310 BC) DOI 10.1888/0333750888/3509. Published. November 2000. Full text (PDF, 19K) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. The Homocentric Spheres Of Eudoxus, Callippus, And Aristotle (Note callippus agreed with Eudoxus in the position he assigned to the spheres, thatis to say, in their arrangement in respect of distances, and he also assigned http://www.ouc.bc.ca/phys/dkay/eudoxus.htm

The Homocentric Spheres of Eudoxus, Callippus, and Aristotle (Note: This site is under construction last updated on 30 July 99) Ever since the publication of the Principia by Isaac Newton in 1687 one of the principal goals of physics has been the construction of mathematical models to describe how nature works. However, this idea did not originate with Newton. The most famous earlier examples are the laws of planetary motion of Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630) and the planetary systems of Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century A.D.) and Nicolas Copernicus (1473 - 1543). As Copernicus drew on the methods of Ptolemy, so too did Ptolemy draw on earlier work, particularly that of Apollonius of Perga and Hipparchus of the third and second centuries B.C., respectively. However, the original mathematical model of the cosmos was developed in the fourth-century by the geometer Eudoxus of Cnidus (ca. 400 -347 B.C.). His geometrical model for describing the motions of the planets has come to be known as the Homocentric Spheres. By the beginning of the fourth century B.C. the most widely held view of the universe was that it consisted of a spherical earth at rest in the center of a rotating "celestial sphere" carrying the fixed stars. The planets moved in the region between these two spheres. Outside the sphere of stars was nothing, not even space. The complete celestial catalog was short. There were the fixed stars, and seven "wanderers", the planets Sun, Moon, Mercury (Hermes), Venus (Aphrodite), Mars (Ares), Jupiter (Zeus), and Saturn (Kronos).

16. Callippus Related Page Begin your search for callippus related terms. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics » Callippus Of Cyzicus (c. 370– callippus of Cyzicus (c. 370–c. 310 BC). DOI 10.1888/0333750888/3509; PublishedNovember 2000. Icon Full text (PDF, 19K) http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=summary&doc=eaa/3509@eaa-xml

18. References For Callippus References for the biography of callippus http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. A Brief History Of Time callippus improved upon Eudoxus theory of concentric spheres by adding an additional The presocratics, Eudoxus and callippus, and most notably Plato, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Chris/TIME2.html

Please note: These papers were prepared for the Greek Science course taught at Tufts University by Prof. Gregory Crane in the spring of 1995. The Perseus Project does not and has not edited these student papers. We assume no responsibility over the content of these papers: we present them as is as a part of the course, not as documents in the Perseus Digital Library . We do not have contact information for the authors. Please keep that in mind while reading these papers. A Brief History of Time (with apologies to Stephen Hawkings) From Thales to Callippus Chris Weinkopf April 9, 1995 This paper is now featured on the Discovery Channel School Web site. Table of Contents Introduction Initial Evidence of Time The Presocratics Changing Attitudes Towards Time ... Bibliography Look at the comments on this paper. Introduction Whether for agricultural, legal, or religious purposes, the ability to measure time was of the utmost importance in ancient Greece. Homer and Hesiod both suggest that men recognized some connection between the sun, stars, moon, earth, and time, but were unable to observe very effectively the cosmos for purposes of chronology. Only with the advancement of astronomy, beginning with Thales in the early sixth century BC, could the Greeks begin to utilize the heavens for designing accurate calendars and sundials. Eventually, Plato, in is Timaeus , would declare, "The sun, moon, and... planets were made for defining and preserving the numbers of time. "

20. Perseus Table Of Contents Demosthenes, Against callippus. Demosthenes, Against Nicostratus Demosthenes, Against callippus. Demosthenes, Against Nicostratus http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 86    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20