41. Encyclopaedia Britannica Entry Later Ahlfors worked on quasiconformal mappings and, with arne beurling, onconformal invariants. Ahlfors publications include Complex Analysis (1953); http://www.aam314.vzz.net/EB/Ahlfors.html

Ahlfors, Lars Valerian Born: April 18, 1907, Helsinki, Fin. Died: Oct. 11, 1996, Pittsfield, Mass., U.S. Finnish mathematician who was awarded one of the first two Fields Medals in 1936 for his work with Riemann surfaces. He also won the Wolf Prize in 1981. Ahlfors was awarded the Fields Medal at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Oslo, Nor., in 1936. He was cited for methods he had developed to analyze Riemann surfaces of inverse functions in terms of covering surfaces. His principal contributions were in the theory of Riemann surfaces, but his theorems (the Ahlfors finiteness theorem, the Ahlfors five-disk theorem, the Ahlfors principal theorem, etc.) touch on other areas as well, such as the theory of finitely generated Kleinian groups. In 1929 he resolved a conjecture of Arnaud Denjoy on entire functions. Later Ahlfors worked on quasi-conformal mappings and, with Arne Beurling, on conformal invariants. Ahlfors' publications include Complex Analysis (1953); with Leo Sario, Riemann Surfaces Lectures on Quasi-Conformal Mappings (1966); and

42. Wikipedia Topics From Answers.com arne beurling arne Borg arne Carlson arne Dagfin Dahl arne Garborg arne Jacobsen arne Kaijser arne Naess arne Nordheim arne Næss http://www.answers.com/library/Wikipedia-first-31751

Answers.com Tell me about: Business Entertainment Food Games ... More... Wikipedia Directory Reference User driven encyclopedia Search in "Wikipedia" for topic titles containing: A B C D E ... Z A: < Previous Next > Arncliffe, New South Wales Arndale Centre ... Site Map GuruNet

43. BIOGRAPHIES OF PAST NUMBER THEORISTS And VARIOUS ITEMS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST arne Karl August beurling (MacTutor); arne beurling, Codebreaker Bhaskara (MacTutor);Hans Frederick Blichfeldt (MacTutor); Stjepan Bohnicek (18721956) http://www.numbertheory.org/ntw/N14.html

Biographies of past number theorists and various items of historical interest Cornell Digital Library Math Collection : Old Mathematics books listed by Title - including Hensel, Sommer Mathematicians of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries , Hasse's work on the Riemann hypothesis for curves over finite fields - An historical perspective by Professor Peter Roquette (plus notes on class-field theory, Artin L-functions, Erich Hecke) Two Hundred Years of Number Theory after Carl-Friedrich Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae , A list of lectures at an Oberwolfach conference, June 17-23, 2001 Aus der Geschichte der Zahlentheorie (Wolfgang Schwarz - pdf) Collected Works Collected papers of Peter Roquette , editors: Anthony V. Geramita and Paulo Ribenboim, Queens University Ouvres J.-P. Serre I-III , Springer 2003 , AMS Notices, March 2005 On the AMS Notices Publication of Krieger's Translation of Weil's 1940 Letter , by Serge Lang, AMS Notices, July 2005 Biographies The Man Who Knew Infinity (A life of the genius Ramanujan), R. Kanigel, Washington Square Press 1992 The Apprenticeship of a Mathematician The mountains of Pi , an article about Gregory and David Chudnovsky, by Richard Preston The Life of Alexandre Grothendieck , part (a), AMS Notices October 2004 The Life of Alexandre Grothendieck , part (b), AMS Notices November 2004 Prizes John Tate awarded a Wolf Prize for 2003 SASTRA Ramanujan Prize Serre receives Abel prize , Notices of the AMS, Volume 50, Number 6, 2003 Serre awarded Abel Prize Interview with Jean-Pierre Serre , NAMS February 2004

44. Annales De L'institut Fourier Tome 14, Numéro 2 (1964) beurling, arne Construction and analysis of some convolution algebras p. 132Notice compléte. Micali, Artibano Sur les algèbres universelles p. 33-87 http://www.numdam.org/numdam-bin/feuilleter?id=AIF_1964__14_2

45. Crypto-modern Then there is arne beurling (19051986), one time head of Sweden s cryptologicalservice, and subject of a recent best-selling analysis by Bengt Beckman http://www.smithsrisca.demon.co.uk/crypto-modern.html

Codes and Ciphers in History, Part 3 - 1918 to 1945 First published [v1.0] 10:49 GMT 27th January 2003 Although this paper is reasonably self-contained, it is best read as the third part of a three-part subordinate file to our six-part review of how successfully the psychological study of biological short-term memory (STM) has incorporated the full range of concepts and metaphors available to it from the computing industry. To go directly to the superordinate content file, click here , to go to the superordinate menu file, click here , and to see the author's homepage, click here The Automation of Secrecy, 1 - Simple Mechanical Systems This story begins in 1891, when a French military cryptologist named Etienne Bazeries (1846-1924?) decided to resurrect, and if possible improve, Jefferson's cipher cylinder (see Part 1 of this historical review ). He took around 30 separate disks and inscribed a different random cipher alphabet on each of their circumferences. He then stacked them in random order along a central spindle, giving what is nowadays called the "Bazeries Cylinder" . The French army were not sufficiently impressed to develop this into a fully operational system, but a quarter of a century later the idea was resurrected by Captain Parker Hitt, fresh from his successes supporting Pershing's Mexican expedition (see

46. COLLECTED PAPERS beurling, arne, Collected Works, 2, QA331.7/B487 1989 v.2. Bishop, Errett, 19281983,Selected Papers, 1, QA321/B57. Bochner, Salomon, 1899-1982 http://www.matmor.unam.mx/acervo/OBRAS_COMPLETAS_EN_MATEMATICAS.html

OBRAS COMPLETAS EN MATEMATICAS a nivel Internacional, este material se puede consultar en nuestra Unidad AUTOR TITULO VOLUMENES CLASIFICACION Adams, J. Frank, 1930-1997. The Selected papers works of J. Frank Adams Albert, Abraham Adrian, 1905-1972. Collected Mathematical Papers Anderson, T. W. Collected papers of T. W. Anderson : 1943-1985 QA276/A12A53 1990 v.2 Artin, Emil 1898-1962 Collected Papers Auslander, Maurice, 1926-1994 Selected Works Archimedes The Works of Archimedes Atiyah, Michael Francis 1929- Collected Papers Beurling, Arne Collected Works QA331.7/B487 1989 v.2 Bishop, Errett, 1928-1983 Selected Papers Bochner, Salomon, 1899-1982 Collected Papers Borel, Armand, 1923- Oeuvres = Collected Papers QA3/B5787 1983 v. 4 Bott, Raoul, 1924- Collected Papers Brauer, Richard, 1901-1977 Collected Papers QA3/B693 1980 v. 1-2 Collected Works Cartan, Henri, 1904- Oeuvres : Collected Works Coxeter, H.S.M., 1907-2003 Kaleidoscopes : selected writting Chen, K. T. Collected Papers C hern, Shiing-Shen, 1911- Mathematician and his Mathematical Work Chowla, Sarvadaman

47. History Of Computing Colossus Computer The Swedes tapped the cable, copied the traffic, and arne beurling, a Swedishmathematician, broke the cypher. Later production versions of the T52 (there http://www.public-domain-content.com/History_of_computing/Colossus_computer.shtm

48. Estimated I.Q. Of Famous People arne beurling, Mathematician, Sweden, 180. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Actor, Austria,135. Baruch Spinoza, Philosopher, Holland, 175 http://www.aceviper.net/aceviper_net/ace_intelligence/aceviper_famous_people_iq_

Estimated I.Q. of Famous People Name Description Country IQ (SB) Abraham Lincoln President USA Adolf Hitler Nazi leader Germany Al Gore Politician USA Albert Einstein Physicist USA Albrecht von Haller Medical scientist Switzerland Alexander Pope England Andrew J. Wiles Mathematician England Andrew Jackson President USA Andy Warhol Pop artist USA Anthonis Van Dyck Artist Belgium Arnauld Theologian France Arne Beurling Mathematician Sweden Arnold Schwarzenegger Actor Austria Baruch Spinoza Philosopher Holland Benjamin Franklin USA Benjamin Netanyahu Israeli Prime Minister Israel Bill (William) J. Clinton President USA Bill Gates CEO, Microsoft USA Blaise Pascal France Bobby Fischer Chess player USA Bonaparte Napoleon Emperor France Buonarroti Michelangelo Italy Carl von Linné Botanist Sweden Charles Darwin Naturalist England Charles Dickens Writer England Christopher Langan USA David Hume Scotland Dolph Lundgren Actor Sweden Donald Byrne Chess Player Irland Dr David Livingstone Scotland Emanuel Swedenborg "

49. User Talk:Stefanomione - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia CategoryPrecomputer cryptographers beurling, arne. or, otherwise, justtype refine category (if you use a browser like Mozilla, it will remember http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Stefanomione

Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$130,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! User talk:Stefanomione From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Welcome! Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: How to edit a page Editing, policy, conduct, and structure tutorial Picture tutorial How to write a great article ... Manual of Style I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian ! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages , add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Talk [[]] 00:08, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC) Hi. Would you mind explaining your statement that Liv Tyler is an Italian-American. There is no mention of it in the articles about her father or mother. DJ Clayworth 19:35, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

50. Genius Route: A Walking/Bike Tour Through Princeton's Geniuses Einstein s office (and later beurling s) was Fuld Hall 115. The great complexanalyst and codebreaker, arne beurling, 102 Battle Road Circle. http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/GeniusRoute.html

From Genius to Genius: A Walking Tour in Princeton By Hadas Zeilberger. The list of the Geniuses in order of the route Institute of Advanced study The great complex analyst and code-breaker, Arne Beurling, 102 Battle Road Circle. The inventor of TV, who winded up hating it, W. Zworkyn , 103 Battle Road Circle. The person who wrote the music to Harlan Page Peck's "Old Nassau", Karl Langlotz , 160 Mercer St. The greatest genius of them all, Albert Einstein , 112 Mercer St. The great German writer, Thomas Mann , corner of Stockton St. (route 206) and Library Place. [The Thomas Aquinas Roman Catholic Student Center]. The 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson , 82 Library Place. The inventor of Game Theory and computer pioneer, John von Neumann , 26 Westcott Rd. Princeton Cemetery , Greenview Ave., (Off Hamilton St., a block from the corner with Witherspoon St.) The great logician, of Church-Turing fame, Alonzo Church , 30 Jefferson Rd. The greatest logician since Aristotles, , 145 Linden Lane. Directions (also see map below) From #1 (Institute for Advanced Study) to #2 (Beurling) you go left on Einstein Drive, then follow the road until you reach 102 Battle Road Circle.

51. The 'Big' Machines Exhibit A Swedish mathematician, arne beurling, was the first to break the Sturgeon, afeat he accomplished in just two weeks. Jade and Purple http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00002.cfm

@import url(/styles/advanced.css); @import url(/history/styles/history_advanced.css); @import url(/history/styles/history_site_menu.css); @import url(/history/styles/history_section_menu.css); @import url(/styles/content.css); Skip top menus Home About NSA Research ... Contacts Search What's new? SIGABA/ECM Enigma Frank Rowlett of the Army's Signal Intelligence Service developed the complicated stepping motion. Ten of SIGABA's fifteen rotors could be taken out and moved to a different position; the rotors could be placed in the machine either "forward" or "backward;" and any one or more of the rotors could move with each keystroke. This differs dramatically from the predictable motion of the Enigma that required its first rotor to move one step with each keystroke and the other rotors stepped in sequence. This proved to be one of the greatest flaws in the Enigma, a lesson the Americans learned and were able to improve on when developing their SIGABA/ECM. Tunny and Sturgeon The Tunny and Sturgeon machines (referred to by American and British cryptologists as the "Fish" machines) were both on-line cipher machines. Messages could be simultaneously enciphered and transmitted, saving a great deal of time. Although a British cryptanalytic attack made considerable progress, the results were far slimmer than against the Enigma, both because the difficulty of attack yielded fewer breaks and because a lot less traffic was sent over these systems.

52. Downloads The Geheimschreiber Secret, arne beurling and the Success of Swedish SignalsIntelligence, by Lars Ulfving has been translated from the Swedish by Frode http://www.eclipse.net/~dhamer/download.htm

Downloads The following papers, which relate primarily to Enigma and other WW2 cipher machines, are available for download. For computer simulations of Enigma and a number of other cipher machines please go to the CSG simulators download page. "Enigma: Actions Involved in the 'Double Stepping' of the Middle Rotor", David H. Hamer, Cryptologia XXI(1), January 1997 (©1997 Cryptologia) Download .pdf version. "Enigma Variations: An Extended Family of Machines", David H. Hamer, Geoff Sullivan, and Frode Weierud, Cryptologia XXII(3), July 1998 (©1998 Cryptologia) . Download .pdf version. "M2114: A Naval Enigma; David H. Hamer", Cryptologia XXII(3), July 1998 [ Letter to the Editors] (©1998 Cryptologia) . Download .pdf version. "G-312: An Abwehr Enigma", David H. Hamer, Cryptologia XXIV(1), January 2000 . Download .pdf version. The Alexander papers - Documents written by the late Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander while working as a cryptanalyst at Bletchley Park during WW2. These have been retyped and annotated by Frode Weierud and are downloadable from his web site - click here The Geheimschreiber Secret, Arne Beurling and the Success of Swedish Signals Intelligence

53. Anecdotes About Scientists And Mathematicians This story is told about the mathematician arne beurling When PhD candidates hewas supervising came to him with their finished theses he would read the http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~srihari/anecdotes.htm

Of late , I've also started collecting anecdotes about scientists and mathematicians . I've heard some of these from friends and some I've read on websites ... I cannot assure any authenticity whatsoever ..but they are fun anyway ...happy reading !! (New additions are at the end) To start with a quote (can't help quoting !! ) each by Neil's Bohr and Albert Einstein . There is also a collection of other quotes by scientists( compiled by Samarth Anekal here No ..no . You are not thinking ; you are only being logical !! Bohr If we knew what it is that we were doing , it wouldn't be called research , would it !! Einstein These are in no particular order . Also corrections and additions are most welcome . Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) New Zealand physicist One student in Rutherford's lab was very hard-working. Rutherford had noticed it and asked one evening: - Do you work in the mornings too? - Yes, - proudly answered the student sure he would be commended. - But when do you think? - amazed Rutherford. On one occasion, Erdös met a mathematician and asked him where he was from. "Vancouver," the mathematician replied. "Oh, then you must know my good friend Elliot Mendelson," Erdös said.

54. Teleprinter Ciphers Some months later the Swedish mathematician arne beurling then drafted intothe Swedish army as a cryptanalyst - managed to break the machine in only two http://hem.passagen.se/tan01/tele.html

Teleprinter ciphers (Last update: 10-Dec-2003.) (Added Siemens T43.) Contents General Teletype cryptosystems U.S. WW I-system The Siemens Geheimschreiber ... The Swedish SA-1 Teletype Cipher General Growing use of the telegraph caused several automatic transmission systems to be invented in the late 19th century. One such system was invented by the Frenchman E. Baudot in 1874. His system - still in use today - uses two radio frequencies when operating on shortwave to represent two elements, usually called zero and one nowadays, which, when combined into groups of five, gives 32 combinations which are used in the following way to represent letters, figures, punctuation and control codes: Since 32 combinations isn't enough to represent both letters and figures, two shifts are used. When switching between these shifts the combinations letter shift and figure shift are used. (The combinations F, G and H on the figure shift are not used in international traffic, but are reserved for national use. The letters given above show how these combinations are used for national Swedish teletype traffic.) Teletype cryptosystems The zeros and ones of the teletype code lend themselves well to encryption and several systems for encrypting teletype traffic have been invented. A few will be described below.

55. Gorilla: 'Codici Cifrati - Arne Beurling E I Successi Della Crittografia Svedese Translate this page Codici Cifrati - arne beurling EI Successi Della Crittografia Svedese NellaSeconda Guerra Mondiale. di Beckman B. / SPRINGER VERLAG ITALIA, 266 pagine, http://www.gorilla.it/gorilla/product.asp?SessionID=t&sku=8847003164

56. MathNet-Fields Medals Ahlfors, Lars The story of a friendship recollections of arne beurling Math . Ahlfors, Lars;Carleson, Lennart arne beurling in memoriam Acta Math. http://www.mathnet.or.kr/API/?MIval=people_fields_detail&ln=Lars Valerian Ahlfor

57. WWII - Europe - Other Countries Codebreakers arne beurling and the Swedish Crypto Program during World War II.Providence, RI American Mathematical Society, 2002. http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiieurope_folder/wwiieurother.html

WORLD WAR II Europe Other Countries Included here: . The Neutral Countries a . Generally b . Sweden c . Switzerland . Finland . Portugal 1. The Neutral Countries a. Generally Alvarez, David. "No Immunity: Signals Intelligence and the European Neutrals, 1939-45." Intelligence and National Security 12, no. 2 (Apr. 1997): 22-43. The Allied powers "systematically attack[ed] the cryptosystems of all the neutrals.... Axis Sigint operations against the neutrals seem fitful and unsystematic.... This situation was, in large part, the result of inadequate or poorly-exploited human resources.... For the European neutrals the brutal reality was that there was no protection against the communications war.... While some neutrals (the Vatican) were better able to evade this surveillance than others (Turkey), none proved invulnerable." Fodor, Denis J. The Neutrals . Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1982. Petersen : "Includes espionage war in neutral nations of Europe." b. Sweden Beckman, Bengt. Tr., Kjell-Ove Widman. Codebreakers: Arne Beurling and the Swedish Crypto Program during World War II . Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2002.

58. Finnish Radio Intelligence The Geheimschreiber Secret arne beurling and the success of Swedish signalsintelligence arne beurling Swedish signal intelligence organization archives http://hkkk.fi/~yrjola/war/finland/intel/

Finnish radio intelligence Radio intelligence played a vital part for the Finnish military successes during the WWII. Finnish Radio Intelligence developed and expertly led by Reino Hallamaa cracked several of the Soviet codes during WWII. This is a short story of the role played by Finnish radio intelligence during WWII. Notes about Soviet codes Finnish radio intelligence had followed Soviet military radio traffic (including NKVD) already before the war and was familiar with the (peacetime) Soviet radio networks, operating procedures and radio operators "signatures". The Soviet radio messages were sent almost exclusively coded in 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-digit groups. The lowest and simplest 2-digit code ("twos") was probably originally meant just for the traffic between the radio operators (ie. signal and network testing, etc.) but was at times used for operative commands and reports as well. This code was used by the lower levels of Soviet army and NKVD. The 3-digit code ("threes") was used especially by the NKVD units for messages between battalions and regiments. At least three different variations of the 4-digit codes (which were used from the division level downwards) were identified and broken (names in quotes are translations of the Finnish names given to the codes): a) "twos" sent in 4-digit groups b) "sea fours", used by the Red Banner Baltic Fleet and its air force and coast guard units c) "land fours", used by the Soviet ground forces

59. New Books For 01/31/2003 TITLE, Codebreakers arne beurling and the Swedish crypto program during WorldWar II / Bengt Beckman. PUBLISHER, Providence, RI American Mathematical http://www.nyu.edu/pages/cimslibrary/newbook/013103.html

New Books for 01/31/2003 AUTHOR: Beckman, Bengt. UNIFORM TITLE: Svenska kryptobedrifter. English TITLE: Codebreakers : Arne Beurling and the Swedish crypto program during World War II / Bengt Beckman. PUBLISHER: Providence, RI : American Mathematical Society, 2002. CALL NUMBER: D 810 .C88 B413 2002 CIMM AUTHOR: Burchard, Hans, 1959- TITLE: Applied turbulence modelling in marine waters / Hans Burchard. PUBLISHER: Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2002. SERIES: Lecture notes in earth sciences, 100 CALL NUMBER: GC 299 .B87 2002 CIMM TITLE: Equilibrium, markets and dynamics : essays in honour of Claus Weddepohl / Cars H. Hommes, Roald Ramer, Cees A. Withagen, editors. PUBLISHER: Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2002. CALL NUMBER: HB 145 .E6765 2002 CIMM AUTHOR: Bluhm, Christian. TITLE: An introduction to credit risk modeling / Christian Bluhm, Ludger Overbeck, Christoph Wagner. PUBLISHER: SERIES: CALL NUMBER: HG 3751 .B58 2002 CIMM AUTHOR: Thompson, James R. TITLE: Models for investors in real world markets / James R. Thompson, Edward E. Williams, M. Chapman Findlay, III. PUBLISHER: SERIES: Wiley series in probability and statistics CALL NUMBER: HG 4515.2 .T48 2002 CIMM

60. Arne Beurling Université Montpellier II Translate this page arne beurling (1905-1986). Cette image et la biographie complète en anglaisrésident sur le site de l’université de St Andrews Écosse http://ens.math.univ-montp2.fr/SPIP/article.php3?id_article=829

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