21. Body Note that neither baudhayana nor Euclid give a proof of Theorem 1 because Note the similarity between this and baudhayana s construction of the square http://www.math.cornell.edu/~dwh/papers/geomsolu/geomsolu.html

Geometric Solutions of Quadratic and Cubic Equations by David W. Henderson Department of Mathematics, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, 14853-7901, USA I am ready to lead you, the reader, on a path through part of the forest of mathematics - a path that has delighted me many times - and surprised me. Every time I walk along it I see something I had not seen before. We will bring with us the question: What are square roots? We will find what is one of the oldest written mathematical proofs, still very much alive, right along side some new results never before published. These will be combined to solve quadratic equations by "completing the square" - a real square. These in turn lead to conic sections and cube roots and culminating in the beautiful general method from Omar al'Khayyam, the Persian geometer, philosopher, poet, which can be used to find all the real roots of cubic equations. Along the way we shall clearly see some of the ancestral forms of our modern Cartesian coordinates and analytic geometry. I will point our several inaccuracies and misconceptions that have crept in to the modern historical accounts of these matters. But I urge you to not look at this only for its historical interest but rather look for the meaning it has in our current-day understanding of mathematics. This path is not through a dead museum or petrified forest, this path passes through ideas which are very much alive and which have something to say to our modern technological, increasingly numerical, world.

22. Panchangam: Hindu Calendar-http://mailerindia.com. Other sages of mathematics include baudhayana, Katyayana, and Apastamba. The old Sanskrit text baudhayana Shulba Sutra of the 6th century BCE mentions http://mailerindia.com/cgi-bin/main.cgi?astroin

23. TITUS Texts: Yajur-Veda: Baudhayana-Grhya-Sutra TITUS Texts YajurVeda baudhayana-Grhya-Sutra Index /TITLE META NAME= http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/yvs/baudhgs/baudh.htm

Index of baudh TITUS Project Index of baudh TITUS Project

24. TITUS Texts: Yajur-Veda: Baudhayana-Sulba-Sutra TITUS Texts YajurVeda baudhayana-Sulba-Sutra Index /TITLE META NAME= http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/yvs/baudhsbs/baudh.htm

Index of baudh TITUS Project Index of baudh TITUS Project

25. Baudhayana -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article 2.3. THE PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXIn the Shulba Sutra appended to baudhayana’s Shrauta Sutra, This and otherinstances of advanced mathematics presented by baudhayana have been shown by http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/b/ba/baudhayana.htm

Baudhayana [Categories: 9th century mathematicians, Indian mathematicians] Baudhayana , (circa 800 BC), was a (Click link for more info and facts about Vedic) Vedic (A member of the race of people living in North America when Europeans arrived) Indian (A person skilled in mathematics) mathematician (Informal terms for journalists) scribe . He is the author of one of the earliest and most important Sulbasutras, appendices to the ((from the Sanskrit word for `knowledge') any of the most ancient sacred writings of Hinduism written in early Sanskrit; traditionallly believed to comprise the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas, and the Upanishads) Vedas giving rules for the construction of (A raised structure on which gifts or sacrifices to a god are made) altars , called the Baudhayana Sulbasutra The Baudhayana Sulbasutra contains one of the earliest references to what is known today as the (Click link for more info and facts about Pythagorean theorem) Pythagorean theorem The rope which is stretched across the (An oblique line of squares of the same color on a checkerboard) diagonal of a (A hand tool consisting of two straight arms at right angles; used to construct or test right angles)

26. Encyclopedia: Baudhayana Women In The Sacred Laws - The Dharma Sutras ( Page 20)76 baudhayana has no scruple in prescribing the custom of Niyoga for childless baudhayana, as well as his predecessor Gautama, permits the Paisacha http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Baudhayana

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Baudhayana" also viewed: Pythagorean theorem Pythagoras What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Zvonimir Boban Zork I Zimbabwe York Road tube station ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Baudhayana Updated 101 days 19 hours 11 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Baudhayana Baudhayana , (circa 800 BC ), was a Vedic Indian mathematician scribe . He is the author of one of the earliest and most important Sulbasutras, appendices to the Vedas giving rules for the construction of altars , called the Baudhayana Sulbasutra Centuries: 10th century BC - 9th century BC - 8th century BC Decades: 850s BC 840s BC 830s BC 820s BC 810s BC - 800s BC - 790s BC 780s BC 770s BC 760s BC 750s BC Events and Trends 804 BC - Hadad-nirari IV of Assyria conquers Damascus. ... The adjective Vedic may refer to The Vedas, the oldest preserved Indo-Aryan texts. ... A mathematician is a person whose area of study and research is mathematics. ...

27. - Women In The Sacred Laws - The Dharma Sutras ( Page 10) and hence they can be taken as the genuine utterances of baudhayana.With baudhayana we can safely say that the influence of the south penetrates the http://www.hindubooks.org/women_in_the_sacredlaws/the_dharma_sutras/page10.htm

Women In The Sacred Laws Kulapati's Preface The Author Foreword Prologue ... Espirit Des Lois THE DHARMA SUTRAS From a consideration of the above it appears as though the Dharma-Sutra of Baudhayana consisted originally of two Prasnas and the rest were additions by later waters, and these had taken place probably twice at different periods, the first soon after the time of Baudhayana, when the third Prasna was added, and the second at the time of the later Smritis, when the fourth Prasna was added. This point is specially important in the present survey, as the rules relating to women are contained in the first two Prasnas, and hence they can be taken as the genuine utterances of Baudhayana. With Baudhayana we can safely say that the influence of the south penetrates the Vedic school, or that the Vedic school transferred its centre to the south. He is the earliest of the lawgivers from the south who have contributed to the legal literature of India. Maharnava avers that Baudhayana's influence was mainly confined to the south; but he does not disclose where the original home of Baudhayana was. His work does not directly refer to the south, except in his account of Desanirnaya and, while referring to the customs of the Northerners, he censures the custom of going to sea

28. Hindu Scriptures baudhayana, Hiranyakesi, Bharadwaja, Vaikhanasa, Vadhoola, Manava, Varaha,Katyayana (Paaraskara) baudhayana, Hiranyakesi, Vaikhanasa, Katha, Kaatyayana http://www.hinduism.co.za/hindu2.htm

Pages Home Alphabetical Listing Amazing Science Vedic Mathematics ... Books Hindu Scriptures Philosophy Schools of Vedanta Hindu Sects Dasnami Sampradaya ... Moon Calendar 2021 TOP =======UNDERSTANDING HINDUISM======== Hindu Scriptures Table of Vedas and their branches As set out by Sri V.A.K.Ayer Vedas Rig Veda Krishna Yajur Veda Sukla Yajur Veda Samaveda Atharva Veda No.of original Recensions Available Recensions or Shakas Shakala Taitireeya Mitrayani Katha Kapisthala Swetaswetara Kanva, Madyandina (Vajasanya) Kauthuma, Ranaayaneeya, Jaimineeya Pippalada Saunaka Brahmanas Aitaraya, Kaushitiki ( or Shankhyayana) Taittireeya (Samhita) Taitireeya Sathapatha Panchavimsa, Shadvimsa, Samavidhana, Aarsheya, Mantra, Devatadhyaya, Vamsa, Jaimineeya Gopatha Aranyakas Aitaraya, Sankhyayana Taitttireeya Brahad- aranyaka Upanishads Aitaraya, Kaushitiki, Bhashkala Aitaraya, Mahanarayana, Mitrayani, Katakha, Swetaswetara Isavasya

29. Baudhayana-Dharmasutra baudhayanaDHARMASUTRA % Typed and analyzed by Masato Fujii Mieko Kajihara The baudhayana-Dharmasutra with the Vivarana Commentary by Sri Govinda http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/6_sastra/4_dha

BAUDHAYANA-DHARMASUTRA % Proofread by Toru Yagi % Revised version 1 (completed on May 20, 1992) % Editions: [H] E. Hultzsch (ed.): Das Baudhayana-Dharmasutra. Zweite, verbesserte Auflage. [Abhandlungen fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 16] Leipzig 1922. [K] Umesa Chandra Pandeya (ed.): The Baudhayana-Dharmasutra with the 'Vivarana' Commentary by Sri Govinda Svami and Critical Notes by M. M. A. Chinnaswami Sastri. [The Kashi Sanskrit Series, 104] Varanasi 1972. (1) Members of a compound are separated by periods. (2) External sandhi is decomposed with ^. (3) Verbs are marked by `('. THIS TEXT FILE IS FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES ONLY! Text converted to Unicode (UTF-8). (This file is to be used with a UTF-8 font and your browser's VIEW configuration set to UTF-8.) description: multibyte sequence: long a long A long i long I long u long U vocalic r vocalic R long vocalic r vocalic l long vocalic l velar n velar N palatal n palatal N retroflex t retroflex T retroflex d retroflex D retroflex n retroflex N palatal s palatal S retroflex s retroflex S anusvara visarga long e long o l underbar r underbar n underbar k underbar t underbar Unless indicated otherwise, accents have been dropped in order

30. Talk History Forum - Indian Contribution To Modern Science baudhayana in his book baudhayana Sulba Sutra (c. The old Sanskrit textof baudhayana Sulbha Sutra of 800 BCE mentions this ratio as approx. equal http://www.talk-history.com/forum/archive/index.php?t-1730.html

31. Talk History Forum - Indian Contribution To Modern Science Pythagorean Theorem baudhayana in his book baudhayana Sulba Sutra (c. The old Sanskrit text of baudhayana Sulbha Sutra of 800 BCE mentions this http://www.talk-history.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1730

32. SBA > India, A Centre Of Learning A Sanskrit text named baudhayana Shulba Sutra of the 6th century mentions thevalue of Pi as 3. Aryabhatta, in 499 AD, had computed the value of Pi as http://www.saralabirla.org/sba/centre_of_learning.htm

home about us leadership team academics ... Aditya Birla Scholarships " It is true that even across the Himalayan barrier, India has sent to the west such gifts as grammar and logic, philosophy and fables, hypnotism and chess, and above all numerals and the decimal system ." Will Durant (American historian, 1885-1981) Right from ancient times, India's unique system of education and its high standards have been acclaimed by scholars from across the world. Its institutions of learning, today, have built upon this heritage to develop their curricula in consonance with modern requirements. This high quality attracts students and scholars not only from India but from other countries as well. Institutes of research and higher education have made a significant contribution in developing a pool of specialised, well educated resources, whether in science and technology or the arts and humanities who have set standards of excellence all over the world. Indian schools and universities have helped to transform India into an vibrant and technologically self-sufficient economy.

33. Mathematics Pythagorean Theorem principle discovered (baudhayana, baudhayana Sulba Sutra,600 BC, 1000 years before Pythagoras); Decimal System (references dating back http://www.hindunet.org/mathematics/

Sciences Yoga Ayurveda Indian Medicine ... Sciences Mathematics Explore this topic in detail Recommend this page Comment on this page Print this page Create / Join Club Hindu Universe Links Articles Online Books Hindu Web Discussion Book- store Related Sections We list here some of the achievements of Hindus in the field of mathematics. Pythagorean Theorem principle discovered (Baudhayana, Baudhayana Sulba Sutra, 600 BC, 1000 years before Pythagoras) Decimal System (references dating back to 100 BC) Prefexes for raising 10 to powers as high as 53 (references dating back to 100 BC) Time taken by the earth to orbit the sun calculated as 365.258756484 days (Bhaskaracharya, Surya Siddhanta 400-500 AD) Law of Gravity (Bhaskaracharya, Surya Siddhanta 400-500 AD)

34. Aryan Migration Theory: Fabricating Literary Evidence mistaken in seeing an Aryan invasion reference in baudhayana, The edition ofthe baudhayana Shrauta Sutra referenced by Witzel is the one by W. Caland http://www.hindunet.org/saraswati/AMT.html

SITE MAP Home Indian Lexicon Corpus of Inscriptions Artefacts ... Decipherment Aryan Migration Theory: Fabricating Literary Evidence [Mirrored from http://www.voi.org/vishal_agarwal/AMT.html Revision B on October 10, 2000 Note: Contents: Background Arguments and Counter-Arguments Cover Ups? Discussion Epilogue 1.0 Background The classical Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT), rooted (to a great extent) on the white supremacist and colonialist paradigms of the 19 th The present article reviews one such attempt by Professor Michael Witzel, the Wales Professor of Sanskrit at the Harvard University. Witzel was born in and studied at Germany, and has thereafter worked in Nepal, Netherlands and in other countries. The reference (Witzel 1989a: 235) at the end is to an earlier article by Witzel, which is in a rather difficult to procure publication [Ref. 14]. We will come back to this publication later. In a footnote, Witzel also reproduces the original Sanskrit passage from the text in question. Elst further commented: The fact that a world-class specialist has to content him self with a late text like the BSS, and that he has to twist its meaning this much in order to get an invasionist story out of it, suggests that harvesting invasionist information in the oldest literature is very difficult indeed. Witzel claims (op.cit., p.320) that: "Taking a look at the data relating to the immigration of Indo-Aryans into South Asia, one is struck by a number of vague reminiscences of foreign localities and tribes in the Rgveda, in spite [of] repeated assertions to the contrary in the secondary literature." But after this promising start, he fails to quote even a single one of those "vague reminiscences".

35. Hand Of The Vedapurusa From The Chapter "Kalpa", In Hindu Dharma : Kamakoti.org: There are sulbasutras by Katyayana, baudhayana, Hiranyakesin and so on. In thesouth there is what is called Andapillai-prayoga . http://www.kamakoti.org/hindudharma/part11/chap1.htm

Home Announcements Tour Programme Image Gallery ... Telugu Hand of the Vedapurusa (HinduDharma: Kalpa) Receive pages from Hindu Dharma in your email Important Announcements Some important (external) links: KanchiForum.org Kanchi-Sathya Campaign for Dharma Other links: New Announcements Feedback form to join our mailing list The sixth limb or Anga of the Vedapurusa is Kalpa, his hand. The hand is called "kara" since it does work (or since we work with it). In Telugu it is called " sey ". Kalpa is the sastra that involves you in "work". A man learns to chant the Vedas, studies Siksa, Vyakarana, Chandas, Nirukta and Jyotisa. What does he do next? He has to apply these sastras to the rites he is enjoined to perform. He has to wash away his sins, the sins earned by acting according to his whims. This he does by the performance of good works. For this he must know the appropriate mantras and how to enunciate them correctly, understanding their meaning. Also certain materials are needed and a house that is architecturally suited to the conduct of the rituals. The fruits yielded by these must be offered to the Isvara. Kalpa concerns itself with these matters. Why does a man learn the vedas? Why does he make efforts to gain perfection with regard to the purity and tone of their sound by learning Siksa, grammar and prosody? And why does he learn Jyotisa to find out the right time to perform rituals? The answer is to carry out the injunctions of Kalpa.

36. Vedamu.org - Vedic Literature - Course baudhayana Srauta Sutra. ENTER PAGE NO.(65 TO 68) http://www.vedamu.org/forum/Kalpasutras/BaudhayanaSrautaSutra.asp

Features Vedic Kalpasutras Baudhayana Srauta Sutra ENTER PAGE NO.(65 TO 68):-

37. Aryan Invasion Theroy And Politics: The Case Of David Duke In the Shulba Sutra appended to baudhayana s Shrauta Sutra, This and otherinstances of advanced mathematics presented by baudhayana have been shown by http://koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com/articles/aid/astronomy.html

Astronomical data and the Aryan question Dr. Koenraad Elst 1. Dating the Rg-Veda The determination of the age in which Vedic literature started and flourished has its consequences for the Aryan Invasion question. The oldest text, the Rg-Veda, is full of precise references to places and natural phenomena in what are now Panjab and Haryana, and was unmistakably composed in that part of India. The date at which it was composed is a firm terminus ante quem for the entry of the Vedic Aryans into India. They may have come from abroad or they may have been fully native, but by the time of the Rg-Veda, they were certainly Indians without memory of a foreign homeland. In a rather shoddy way, Friedrich Max Müller launched the hypothesis that the Rg-Veda had to be dated to about 1200 BC, and eventhough he later retracted it, that arbitrary guess has become the orthodoxy.1 It is forgotten too often that in his own day, other scholars rejected this extremely late date on a variety of grounds. Maurice Winternitz based his estimate on purely philological considerations: "We cannot explain the development of the whole of this great literature if we assume as late a date as round about 1200 BC or 1500 BC as its starting-point."2 Isn't it refreshing to find how logical and unprejudiced the early researchers were? You cannot credibly cram the complicated linguistic, cultural and philosophical developments which are in evidence in Vedic literature, into just a few centuries.

38. Sutra The baudhayana, Manava, Bharadvaja, Apastamba and Hiranyakesin, associated with The baudhayana Dharmasutra describes the differences in the religious http://www.gurjari.net/ico/Mystica/html/sutra.htm

Thread or string'. These texts form the last stage of Vedic literature, with verses written in very technical language, by different writers between 500 and 200 BC. These works developed as a result of the need to simplify the rites and rituals explained in the Brahmanas. These concise treatises simplify Vedic teachings on rituals and their reasons. They also simplify the concepts of customary law. They are known as the "angas" or limbs of the four Vedas, but are considered smriti. There are three known groups of text called sutras: Shrautasutras, Grihyasutras and Dharmasutras, together known as the Kalpa Sutra, and are considered attached to the Vedas.(Outside the Kalpa Sutras are other independent texts, not attached to the Vedas, also called Dharmasutra and Grihyasutras) The Shrautasutras contain short passages of instruction for the performance of the elaborate rituals described in the Vedas. For example, they explain how to lay the sacrificial fire, or how to perform Chaturmasya. The authors of the Shrautasutras belonged to different schools of philosophy. Some of the important Shrautasutra works are: The Ashvalayana and Sankhayana, associated with the Rig-Veda (see Veda The Jaimini, Manasaka, Latyayana, and Drahyayana, associated with the Sama Veda.

39. Untitled Document baudhayana, 28.12); The animal which is offered in a sacrifice endows a baudhayana, 24.36). The hotr and the maitravaruna should turn about by the http://lett.ubbcluj.ro/~echinox/caiete4/15.htm

Silviu Lupascu THE RITUAL CENSORHISP THE EVIDENCE PROVIDED BY SRAUTAKOSA The sacrificial injunctions from the Brahmanas, as re-elaborated in the Srauta-sutras, generated in the corpus of the sacred scriptures the codification of the Hindu animal-sacrifice, called n i r u d h a p a s u b a n d h a (where pasu-bandha can be translated as "animal-binding") in Sanskrit. In this appendix we will present and comment some of the informations contained in the Srautakosa (Encyclopedia of Vedic Sacrificial Ritual, I, P. II, p. 770-876), priestly and the ritual sum of the sacrificial norms from the Kalpasutras belonging to the various Vedic schools. (According to Katyayana-Srautasutra, Haviryajnavidha -animal-sacrifice consisting in the acomplishment of the rites "from the commencement of the vow up to the stepping of the Visnu-steps" -must be distinguished from Savavidha -animal-sacrifice performed as "ancillary to the Soma-sacrifice"). To begin with, the scripture carefully enumerates the sacrificial ustensils which, one by one, will be called to ceremonial life during the ritual event, a sort of indispensable "stage requisites" which allow the happening of the sacred slaughter: sticks from the putudru tree (pinus deodara), bdellium, sugandhitejana, a bunch of white wool which has grown between the two horns of a ram, two cords -one with two strands and the other with three strands, two forks (vapasrapani) -one two- pronged and the other one-pronged, heart-pike (hrdayasula), sticks from the karsmarya tree (gmalina arborea), a staff for the maitravaruna from the udumbara tree, sacrificial grass and faggot, a faggot for carrying forth the fire, twig of the plaksa tree (ficus infectoria), idasuna or wooden plank, two darbha -blades, barley, flour, curds and gold (cf. Srautakosa, I, P. II, p. 774).

40. History Of Mathematics [encyclopedia] has a long mathematical tradition, initially in a religious context of astronomyand altarconstruction, first recorded by baudhayana c.800600 ¬BC. http://kosmoi.com/Science/Mathematics/History/

EncycloZine Astronomy Biology Chemistry ... A Short History of Nearly Everything Bill Bryson Salt: A World History Mark Kurlansky Recommendation: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Thomas S. Kuhn The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadlie... John M. Barry Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societi... Jared Diamond Recommendation: A Brief History of Time : The Updated and Expanded... Stephen Hawking They Made America: Two Centuries of Innovators fro... Harold Evans, Gail Buckland, David Lefer The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of E... Richard Dawkins Longitude : The True Story Lone Genius Who Solved ... Dava Sobel Organic Chemistry (6th Edition) Leroy "Skip" G Wade History of Mathematics Kosmoi.com Science Mathematics History The earliest mathematical writer whose name we know was the Egyptian scribe Ahmes, who in c.1650 ¬BC copied an earlier text on handling fractions and solving arithmetical problems. But for at least 1000 years before that, the scribes in the great river civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia were developing ways of representing numbers and solving problems which are recognizably precursors of today's mathematical activity.

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