81. Muhammad: The Divine Call 1 musa’b bin Umair, of banu Abdud Dar. He was a handsome young man well belovedby the Saeed bin Zaid, brotherin-law of Umar, was of banu Adi and was http://www.alislam.org/library/books/muhammad_seal_of_the_prophets/chapter_02.ht

In the Name of Allah, The Most Gracious, Ever Merciful. Al Islam Love for All, Hatred for None. Browse Al Islam Home Islam Ahmadiyyat Library ... Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets Muhammad Zafrulla Khan Preface Introduction 1. Early Years 2. The Divine Call ... Bibliography 2. The Divine Call Muhammad was now approaching his fortieth year. Always pensive, he had of late become even more thoughtful and retiring. Contemplation and reflection engaged his mind, and the moral debasement of his people pressed heavily on him. His soul was perplexed with uncertainty as to what was the right path to follow. Thus burdened, he frequently retired to seek relief in meditation amongst the solitary valleys and rocks near Mecca. His favourite resort was a cave in Mount Hira, a lofty conical hill two or three miles north of Mecca. Thither he would retire for days at a time, and Khadija sometimes accompanied him. Thereafter he began to receive revelation continuously. He had now been comforted, and he realized that he had been commissioned by God to call people to his Lord. Accordingly, he began to call people to the Unity of God and to condemn idol-worship. But he did not, at that stage, make any public announcement. He worked silently and confined his message only to those who were his close associates. Did these two experiences of Muhammad constitute in truth his being commissioned by God, or were they in the nature of hallucinations, or the result of his imagination, or his invention? They could not possibly have been his invention, deliberate or unconscious, for if that had been so, he would not have behaved as he did immediately after his first experience in the cave and during the period of six weeks when there was a cessation of all revelation. He would have determined in his own mind what course he would follow after pretending that he had gone through the experience, which he mentioned to his wife on reaching home from Hira. Nor would he have been perplexed and agitated during the period of the cessation of revelation.

82. Imam Hasan Even Prophet musa was unable to comprehend the wisdom of those actions Imam knew of the animosity of the banu Umayya with the Prophet and his family. http://www.al-islam.org/kaaba14/5.htm

Hasan (AS) The Second Imam. Born in Madina 15th Ramazan 3rd year of Hijri. Elder son of Ali and Fatima, grandson of the Prophet of Islam. When he was born and the news of the birth of a grandson was conveyed to the Holy Prophet he came to the house of Fatima, took hold of the baby in his arms, said Azan and Iqamah in his ears and said, this is a beautiful child, I name him Hasan. He will keep Islam and muslims safe from the hands of its destroyers. Historians note that this child looked like his grand father the Holy Prophet in looks and in manners. It was the life of Imam Hasan (AS) that paved the way for his younger brother’s glorious stand. They were two sides of the same coin, one on living the Jihad of peace and the other the Jihad of martyrdom. Both acted out their paths fully, bearing the banner of their blessed grandfather, in uncompromising defence of Right and in denial of evil. They joyfully praised their creator in happiness and in adversity, submitting to His Divine laws and leaving for us an example of correct behaviour both in peace and in war. Here were two brothers who from their cradle breathed the air of pure spirit of Islam, nurtured by the love of the Prophet in whose close company they spent their early years. It was the Holy Prophet who said that both “Hasan and Hussain are the chiefs of the youth of paradise”. Several traditions from his mother and from Umme Salemah,the wife of the Prophet, clearly indicates that Imam Hasan (AS) was one of those five who were included in the Verse of purification (33-33)” Certainly Allah wants to keep away all abomination from you, members of the house, to keep you pure and spotless.” The Prophet then covered them with a garment and said,” these are the members of my house. Allah, keep away abomination from them and keep them pure and spotless.” It was also during the occasion of Mubahela that the Prophet took these five with him to show the world who were the members of his household (Ahlulbayt).

83. Imam Al-Musa Al-Kadhim (a.s.) Jafar remained firmly loyal to his brother musa, peace be on him, This cemeteryhad been used for banu Hashim and the nobles of the people for a long http://www.al-islam.org/masoom/bios/7thimam.html

Taken from Kitab al Irshad By Sheikh al Mufid Imam al Musa al Kazim (This is) an account of the Imam who undertook (the office) (al-qa'im) after Abu Abd Allah Ja'far b. Muhammad, peace be on them, (describing) who gave birth to him and the date of his birth. (It includes) the evidence for his Imamate, the age he reached and the period of his succession (khilafa), his death, its cause, and the place of his grave. As we have mentioned before, the Imam after Abu Abd Allah Jafar, peace be on him, was Abu al-Hasan Musa b. Jafars the righteous worshipper (of God), peace be on him, because the qualities of outstanding merit and perfection were gathered in him, because of the designation (nass) by his father of the Imamate (being) for him, and his clear indication of it being his. His birth took place at al-Abwa' in the year 128 A.H. (745/6). He, peace be on him, died in the prison of al-Sindi b. Shahik on the 6th of (the month of) Rajab in the year 183 A.H. (799). He was then fifty-five years of age. His mother was a slave-wife named Hamida al-Barbariyya. The period of his succession and occupying the office of the Imamate after his father, peace be on them, was thirty-five years. His kunyas were Abu-Ibrahim, Abu al-Hasan and Abu Ali;. He is known as al-Abd al-Salah (the pious worshipper of God) and also he is described as al-Kazim (the restrained), peace be on him.

84. Variety.com - Reviews - Istanbul Tales musa, the Kurd Selim Akgul Recai, Saliha s Brother - Erdem Akakce Also inthe mix love at first sight between a female transsexual, banu (Yelda http://www.variety.com/article/VE1117926910

Subscribers log in here Advertise Contact Us Help ... EMMYS All News Columns Reviews Events The Vault: People Companies Projects VPage Box Office Film Production TV Production VLife Variety The Web Advanced Search Help Last Updated August 29, 2005 07:08pm PT SUBSCRIBE LATEST NEWS News Variety Vision Columns Reviews ... EEG News SECTIONS Discussion Boards Obituaries People VPage Photos ... Letters to Editor TOOLS VarietyCareers Search Archives Search The Vault Browse by Date ... Handheld Access CHARTS AND DATA TV Production Film Production Additional Charts and Data RESOURCE GUIDES Hi-Def Visual FX RELATED SITES V Life VLife Weekend Multichannel News Video Business ... LA 411 Posted: Tue., Apr. 26, 2005, 5:08pm PT Istanbul Tales Anlat Istanbul By DEREK ELLEY Slick criss-crosser "Istanbul Tales" is both a compulsively watchable entertainment as well as an atmospheric love letter to one of the world's most beautiful cities. Long-gestated project by writer Umit Unal has molto fest potential as well as some upscale foreign legs with specialist distribs.... Browse through our V extra complimentary content. For a FREE TRIAL SUBSCRIPTION to view Variety.com's premium content.

85. SalamIran - Religion - Amir-ul-Mo'menin Abi Talib, peace be on him, and his brothers were among the leading members of the His Shia who were all the banu Hashim, Salman, Ammar, Abu Dharr, http://www.salamiran.org/Religion/Imam1/

For Ramadhan Main page, click here Ali ebn'e Abe Talib (AS) The Commander of the Faithful Introduction His birth His Mother His Teacher ... Secret of Imam Ali's Love by Allama Murtaza Mutahhari Persian Poems about Imam Ali (AS) Introduction This part gives) an account of the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, the first of the Imams of the believers, of the rulers of the Muslims and of God's (appointed) successors in religion after the Apostle of God, the truthful one and the trusted one, Muhammad ebn'e abd'allah, the seal of the Prophets, blessings on him and his pure family. (He was) The brother of the Apostle of God and his paternal cousin, and his helper (wazir) in his affair, his son-in- law (being married) to his daughter, Fatima the chaste, mistress of the women of the universe. (The full name of) the Commander of the faithful is Ali ebn'e abi'talib ebn'e abd'ul'Muttalib ebn'e Hashim enb'e abd'Manaf. (He was) the Lord of the testamentary trustees of authority (wasiyyin), the best of blessing and peace be on him. His kunya

86. Mumineen.org - Serving Dawoodi Bohras Worldwide : Awliya Kiram Archive Yasir, Ammar s father, and his two brothers Harith and Malik looked for banu Ummayyah stood by the house, too. They hoped that Uthman would be elected. http://archive.mumineen.org/awliya/panjatan/e_ammar.html

mumineen.org hosts accurate and authentic content pertaining to the Dawoodi Bohra Muslim community. Bohras adhere to the Shia Fatimi tradition of Islam, headed by the 52nd Dai al-Mutlaq, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin (TUS) Services Miqat Matrimonial ... Home th Rajab al-Asab 1426 Ammar bin Yasir (RA) Mulla Juzar Shk Yusuf Ammar (ra) belonged to a tribe in Yemen. Yasir, Ammar's father, and his two brothers Harith and Malik looked for their missing brother everywhere. But they did not find him. Therefore, they decided to go to Makkah to look for him. They did not find him there, too. Harith and Malik wanted to return to Yemen, but Yasir decided to stay in Makkah to live near the Baitullah. Yasir joined the tribe of Bani Makhzoom and he became one of its members. He married a female slave named Summayya, Ammar's mother. Ammar was born four years before the year of the elephant, that is four years before the birth of Rasulallah (sa). Since the days of his youth Ammar (ra) had friendly relations with Nabi Saheb (sa) and later he became one of his closest companions. He had a lot of compasion and love for Rasulallah (sa) long before the days of Islam and had always admired the noble characters of Rasulallah (sa). It is related that when Ammar (ra) was twenty-nine years old, Rasulallah (sa) was twenty-five. One day, while he was walking with Rasulallah between al-Safa and al-Marwah, Hala, Khadijah's sister came and took Ammar aside. She asked him to tell Muhammad (sa) to marry her sister, Khadijah. Rasulallah (sa) accepted the proposal and the blessed marriage took place. When Allah's message was revealed to Rasulallah (sa), Ammar, his father Yasir and his mother Summayya accepted Islam and were among the earliest muslimeen.

87. SAHIH MUSLIM, BOOK 15: The Book Of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman) It was then that a person from banu Tamim visited him. This hadith has beennarrated on the authority of Abu musa alAsh ari with a slight variation of http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/015.smt.html

Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 15: The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman) Chapter 1: IT IS FORBIDDEN TO TAKE THE OATHS IN THE NAME OF ANYONE ELSE BESIDES ALLAH Book 015, Number 4035: 'Umar b. al-Khattib reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Allah, the Great and Majestic, forbids you to swear by your fathers. Umar said: By Allah. I have never sworn (by my father) since I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) forbidding it mentioning them" on my behalf" nor on behalf of someone else. Book 015, Number 4036: This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Zuhri except that in the hadith narrated on the authority of Uqail the words are:" I did not take oath by (anyone else except Allah) since I heard Allah's Messenger forbidding it. nor did I speak in such terms, and the narrator did not say," on my own behalf or on behalf of someone else". Book 015, Number 4037: Salim reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) heard 'Umar while he was taking oath by his father. The rest of the hadith is the same. Book 015, Number 4038:

88. The Revival - Voice Of The Muslim Youth In these verses we learn that musa (peace be upon him) was guided by Allah to One of them was the tribe of banu Khuza’ah. When banu Bakr, an ally of the http://www.therevival.co.uk/politics/case_for_muslim_participation.htm

A case for Muslim participation A Case for Muslim Political Participation by Dr. M. Amir Ali, Ph.D. Introduction Recently, a thirteen-year-old Muslim girl sent me an e-mail message stating that one of her Muslim friends in school had told her that casting a vote in American elections was haram and a sin. Almost ten years ago, two Pakistani young men brought one young American, an 18-year-old man, who was interested in Islam. I found him to be an Atheist although he came from a Catholic family. After three months of speaking with him, he accepted Islam and took Shahadah. He remained my student for almost a year until he fell into the hands of Hizb At-Tahrir. He then became very argumentative and, therefore, I sent him back to Hizb At-Tahrir for further learning. A couple of months before the 1992 Election time he came to me to ask one question, and it was whether I was going to cast my ballot in the election. My answer was, "yes". He said that I was a Kafir and he left. Several years later he returned to me and apologized for what he had told me; he said that he had matured, had gained more knowledge, and had left the Hizb. He admitted that he was misled by the Hizb.

89. A Case For Muslim Political Participation - III&E However, there was a secret believer in musa(S) among Pharaoh’s people, One of them was the tribe of banu Khuza’ah. When banu Bakr, an ally of the http://www.iiie.net/1/content/view/80/44/

Home Articles For Muslims A Case for Muslim Political Participation Username Password Remember me Forgotten your password? Home Articles Links ... Contact Us A Case for Muslim Political Participation A Case for Muslim Political Participation by M. Amir Ali, Ph.D. Introduction The Argument The Hizb At-Tahrir (heretofore referred to as the Hizb and their followers as Hizbis) argues that there is no evidence in favor of elections and voting. The Hizb quotes a few verses of the Qur’an and Hadith to show that "Shari’ah" is against voting and political participation in a secular system. This author has already dealt with the arguments of the Hizb in his article, " AMERICAN ELECTIONS AND HIZB AT-TAHRIR ". For more details see the original article mentioned above. Briefly, the reply is the following. 1. Election and polling Election and polling is proven from the way in which the first Khalifa, Abu Bakr(R), and the third Khalifa, Uthman ibn ‘Affan(R), were chosen or elected by the Muslims of Madinah. There was a consensus (Ijma’) of Sahaba(R) which is found in authentic Hadith literature and therefore, could be considered a part of Islamic Shari’ah. 2. Absence of the prohibition

90. Arabian Nights: 16 Appendix Adventures of Khudadad and his brothers, iii. Adventures of Prince Ahmad and theFairy Peribanu, iii. Al- Abbás, Tale of King Ins bin Kays and his daughter http://www.wollamshram.ca/1001/Sn_6/16appendixB.htm

Index to the Tales, and Proper Names, Together with Alphabetical Table of Notes in Volumes XI. To XVI. Also Additional Notes on the Bibliography of the Thousand and One Nights. Index to the Tales and Proper Names in the Supplemental Nights. Abbaside, Ja'afar bin Yahya and Abd Al-Malik bin Salih the, i. Abd Al-Malik bin Salih the Abbaside, Ja'afar bin Yahya and, i. Abdullah bin Naf ', Tale of Harun Al-Rashid and, ii. Abu Niyattayn, History of Abu Niyyah and, iv. Abu Niyyah and Abu Niyyatayn, History of, iv. Abu Sabir, Story of, i. Abu Tammam, Story of Aylan Shah and, i. Advantages of Patience, Of the, i. Adventure of the Fruit Seller and the Concubine, iv. Adventures of Khudadad and his Brothers, iii. Adventures of Prince Ahmad and the Fairy Peri-Banu, iii. Al-'Abb s, Tale of King Ins bin Kays and his daughter with the Son of King, ii. Alaeddin, or the Wonderful Lamp, iii. Al-Bundukani, or the Caliph Harun Al-Rashid and the daughter of King Kisra, vi. Al-Hajjaj and the Three Young Men, i. Al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf and the Young Sayyid, History of, v. Al-Hayfa and Yusuf, The Loves of, v.

91. The Life Of Imam Ali (a.s) > The Commander Of The Faithful At A Quick Glance Abi Talib, peace be on him, and his brothers were among the leading members He had especially gathered the banu Abd alMuttalib there in order to make http://www.imamalinet.net/en/ec/eca/eca.htm

home The Life of Imam Ali (a.s) The Commander of The Faithful at a quick glance BACKGROUND TO THE LIFE OF THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL Introduction (This part gives) an account of the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him, the first of the Imams of the believers, of the rulers (wulat) of the Muslims and of God's (appointed) successors in religion after the Apostle of God, the truthful one and the trusted one, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah, the seal of the Prophets, blessings on him and his pure family. (He was) the brother of the Apostle of God and his paternal cousin, and his helper (wazir) in his affair, his son-in-law (being married) to his daughter, Fatima the chaste, mistress of the women of the universe. (The full name of) the Commander of the faithful is 'Ali b. Abi Talib b. 'Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf. (He was) the Lord of the testamentary trustees of authority (wasiyyin), the best of blessing and peace be on him. His kunya was Abu al-Hasan. He was born in the Sacred House (i.e. the Ka'ba) in Mecca on Friday, the thirteenth day of the month of Rajab, thirty years after the Year of the Elephant (c.570). Nobody before or after him has ever been born in the House of God, the Most High. (It was a mark) of him being honoured by God, the Most High, may His name be exalted, and of his position being dignified in its greatness. His mother was Fatima, daughter of Asad b. Hashim b. 'Abd Manaf, may God be pleased with her. She was like a mother to the Apostle of God, may God bless him and his family, and he (the Apostle) was brought up under her care.

92. Institute For The Secularisation Of Islamic Society Two of these Babis were brothers of Fatima, widow of the Bab; another one washer current Sufaiyah was a beautiful woman of the banu Qurayzah tribe. http://www.secularislam.org/visitors/28.htm

Message from the Executive Director February, 2005 Temporary Shutdown of ISIS site Home Mission Statement Statement of Principles ... Testimonies: Why I Left Islam Viewpoints Feedback Links Site Map French German Italian Portuguese Spanish Visitor Feedback, Page 28 Date: 21 Jun 2003 Time: Comments Date: 22 Jun 2003 Time: Comments Shias, Qadiyanis exposed in the previous page. UNABATED CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN IN THE USA, a report too in the previous page, which is page 27. Date: 22 Jun 2003 Time: Comments "the "West" is a far better place to live in", THIS STATEMENT OF YOURS IS WRONG. Home sweet home, indeed I agree, but major part of your home is Latrine, bathroom, Kitchen, dining room, and the circling compound, where we don't live. Similarly You have seen only focussed picture of the west, the bed room of your home. Date: 22 Jun 2003 Time: Comments You know how science went to Europe. You are just a kid in these matters, You know who are Illuminati, you know who free masons are. These are facts, perception and comprehension of which only begins from the horizon of what you have understood so far in life.

93. THE FIRST SESSION The name of Imam Ja‘far asSadiq is missing between Imam musa al-Kazim and Amir Abul Faras al-Hamadani says ‘banu Harab (Omayyids) did not succeed in http://www.ansar.org/english/beshawer1.htm

THE FIRST SESSION Three issues are discussed by Shirazi in this session. After making reference to the fact that he is a descendant of Rasulullah sallallahu ‘alayhi wasallam , he has the Hafiz inquire about his line of descent. Then, after having the Hafiz object to his genealogy, he launches into a three page justification of his descent. Thereafter, he introduces a break for the ‘Isha prayer. He uses this juncture to introduce discussion of a phenomenon which is to the lay person one of the most conspicuous points of divergence between the Ahl as-Sunnah and the Shi‘ah. This is the issue of combining prayers. The Shi‘ah are known to combine the Zuhr and ‘Asr, as well as Maghrib and ‘Isha prayers; Sunnis perform each prayer in its appointed time. The questioner in this case is the Nawab, being the lay participant in the discussion. By citing a hadith from Sunni books, he attempts to prove the validity of joining prayers, and at the same time makes use of the opportunity to indulge in another favoured strategy of the Shi‘i proselytizer: casting aspersions against Imam al-Bukhari and his book, al-Jami‘ as-Sahih Shirazi then introduces the matter of how the grave of Sayyiduna ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib radiyallahu ‘anhu was discovered at Najaf. He gives an apocryphal story of exactly how the grave was discovered, and makes reference to Umayyad atrocities in history.

94. IslamiCity Forum: The Last Caliph Thou said to musa, We will strengthen thy arm with thy brother. We encounteredthe tribe of banu Zubaydah of Yemen and we fought desperately. http://www.islamicity.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1258&PN=1

95. Deen Islam -Who Are Muhibi-Rasul Organised by the brothers and Sisters of the Islamic Cultural and the 10thof Muharram, the day on which Sayiddina musa saved his people from the http://www.deenislam.co.uk/Muhibi_Rasul_Itinerary.html

Deen Islam -Sadaqah Group "In an age of terror, Reviving Lost Spiritual Knowledge " Muhibi-Rasul -Itinerary 05 (note 10th AprilMay11th 2005 Mawlid Month) updated 4th May05 Singing in Working, Surrey -SHAH JAHAN MOSQUE 6th May 8.30pm AFTER MAGHRIB Address:- ORIENTAL ROAD- Woking, Surrey -IN THE THIRD HALL of Mosque Singing in London Tooting (11am Juloos Procession 7th May 2005) 1pm-5pm Singing and talks Large Eid Milad-un-Nabi 2005 poster for Event The SMA Centre, 20 Tooting Bec Road,London SW17 8BD Singing in Oxford Organiser Oxford Muslim Community Association, Spring Social Event , Oxford Community School Glanville Rd, Oxford. OX4 2AU All WelcomePlease Book Early by contacting: Singing in East London 10 April 2005 singing in East London Organiser Minhaj-ul-Qur'an Walthamstow Assembly Hall, Forest Road,Walthamstow, E17 (You can't miss it if your driving...its the town hall and it looks like a typical townhall from far). Singing in Luton :-19th March (Saturday) 2005 Time: 2-6pm Title: Al Habib (This discourse will be on selcted aspests of the beloved) Speaker: Sidi Thaqib Mahmood.

96. The Transmission Of Knowledge He gained favour at court through the Bukhtyishu family and through the BanuMusa, three wealthy brothers who were patrons of learning and wrote on http://explorers.whyte.com/trans.htm

Introduction This is one of four essays that I wrote for my M Phil degree in History and Philosophy of Science at Clare College, Cambridge, in 1990-91 (the others, on medieval time-keeping Richard of Wallingford and Sir Robert Ball , are also on this site as is my dissertation and a 1992 lecture based on some of the same material). It is by some way the least impressive of the four essays, but since there is very little information available about this topic on-line anyway I have decided to add it to this site. I hope it is useful to passing researchers. If you do find it useful, please tell me. Nicholas Whyte, Sint-Genesius-Rode/Rhode-St-Génèse, 10 September 2000, last modified 15 September 2002. Note added 3 May 2001: A correspondent using only the name sirknight67@earthlink.net sent me an email saying: "My main criticism is in regards to you refering to men such as Ibn Sina, Khwarazmi, Farabi, Biruni and many others as "Arab" when Arabs scarceley if ever contributed to the Islamic civilization. In fact, thsoe men you refered to as Arab were really Iranian in ethnicity and there is a world of difference. At that time, Iranians were a conquered people who had to use Arabic as the language of science and government in order to write and express themselves. Unfortunately, through the efforts of the Arabs themselves as well as the misconceptions of the westerners, these people are now generally, falsely refered to as Arab when they were in fact Iranian." It's a fair point, and while I tried to avoid making that mistake int he essay below I was not completely successful.

97. Imam Ali (A.S) The Holy Prophet has said of Ali O Ali, you are my brother in this world The son of Abu Talib was in his own right the chief of banu Hashim and the http://www.hadith.net/english/ahl-al-bayt/emam-1.htm

Ali ibn abi Talib, Amir al-Mu'menin (Peace be Upon him) Name: Ali Title: al-Murtada Agnomen: Abu ' l-Hasan Father's name: Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib Mother's name: Fatimah bint Asad Birth: In the Holy Ka'bah in Mecca on Friday, 13th Rajab 23 BH Death: Died at the age of 63, in Kufah (Iraq) on Monday, 21st Ramadan 40 AH; murdered by an assassin who mortally wounded him with a poisoned sword in the mosque of Kufah during the morning prayer on 19th Ramadan; buried in an-Najaf al-Ashraf (Iraq) Imam Ali was the cousin of our Holy Prophet. He was born in the Sacred House (Ka'bah). Providence alone had a hand in bringing his mother towards the Ka'bah. When his mother came to Ka'bah, she felt weighed down by intense pain of pregnancy. She knelt down before the Holy Structure and prayed humbly to God. 'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, saw 'Ali's mother praying to God. No sooner had she raised her head from supplication, then the wall of the Sacred House split by a solemn miracle. Fatimah entered the Ka'bah and that portion returned to its normal position. 'Abbas and his companions flocked at the gate of the Sacred House which was locked, and tried to open it, but in vain. They then decided to give it up, considering the miraculous nature of the event and the Divine Will in action. While the Prophet was appointing an Ansar a brother to a Muhajirun 'Ali who was present there, was not appointed as a brother to any Ansar. On being questioned as to why he had not appointed a brother for 'All, the Prophet said: "He shall be a brother to me." The character and calibre of 'Al; as judged by al- Mas'udi is, "If the glorious name of being the first Muslim, a comrade of the Prophet in exile, his faithful companion in the struggle for faith, his intimate associate in life, and his kinsman; if a true knowledge of the spirit of his teachings and of the Book; if self-abnegation and practice of justice; if honesty, purity, and love of truth; if a knowledge of law and science, constitute a claim to pre-eminence, then all must regard 'Al'i as the foremost Muslim.

98. ISMAIL BIN JAFAR SADIK (148-158/765-775) Conversely, Abbas asSaffah was succeeded by his brother, Mansur. He also boostedto legitimize the line of banu Abbas on religious ground, and determined http://www.ismaili.net/histoire/history04/history401.html

ISMAIL BIN JAFAR SADIK (148-158/765-775) Abu Muhammad Ismail, surnamed al-Wafi was born in Medina between 100/719 and 103/722. Ismail (Listening by God) is also known as an absolute Lord (az-azbab-i itlaq). He was born by the first wife of Jafar Sadik, named Fatima. According to "Sharhu'l Akhbar" (comp. 350/960), the mother of Ismail was Fatima bint Hasan bin al-Hussain bin Ali, but Ahmad Inaba (d. 825/1422) writes in "Umadatu't-talib"that she was Fatima bint al-Hussain al-Athram bin al-Hasan bin Ali. Shahrastani (1076-1153) writes in his "Kitab al-milal wa'l nihal"that during the lifetime of Fatima, Jafar Sadik never got another marriage like Muhammad with Khadija and Ali with Fatima. Hatim bin Imran bin Zuhra (d. 498/1104) writes in "al-Usul wa'l Ahakam" that, "Ismail was the most perfect, the most learned and the most excellent of the sons of Jafar as-Sadik." He is also reported to have well steeped in the esoteric interpretation of the Koran. Ismail was declared many times by his father as his successor, and said on an occasion, while Ismail was present, according to "Asraru'n-Nutaqa" (comp. 380/990) that "He is the Imam after me, and what you learn from him is just the same as if you have learnt it from myself." It is also related that when the health of Imam Jafar Sadik became impaired, he summoned the most trusted amongst his followers, and those members of his family who were alive, and did what his predecessors had done, i.e., he handed over the authority of Imamate to Ismail. It must be known that the most trusted followers of Imam Jafar Sadik had supported Ismail, notably Abu Hamza Thabit bin Abu Sufiya Dinar as-Samali (d. 150/767), a mawla (freed slave) from Kufa. Jafar Sadik is reported to have said that Abu Hamza was in his time like Salman al-Faras in his own time (Abu Hamza fi zamani'hi mithl Salman fi zamani'hi).

99. IbnYasin As for the branch of the banu Turjut stemming from Muhammad b. Ibrahim, theuterine brother of Yusuf ibn Tashfin, had two sons, Abu Abdullah and Abu http://bewley.virtualave.net/ibnyasin.html

First Stage: The Preaching of 'Abdullah ibn Yasin I. The Long March a) The Meeting of Yahya ibn Ibrahim and Abu 'Imran al-Fasi That a Juddala amir decided to make the pilgrimage is in itself an insignificant fact in the history of a civilisation which, on this occasion, saw Muslims of all races going to the Holy City, coming from the furthest regions. Nonetheless, this event which seemingly lacks historical interest would become the starting point for a profound change in Maghrib al-Aqsa. At a date which we fix before 430h/1039 around 1035-1036, Yahya ibn Ibrahim, accompanied by some members of his tribe, undertook the pilgrimage to Makka. On his return from the East, he stopped in Ifriqiyya to complete his religious education with the great masters of the time. He remained for some time at Qayrawan, a great Maliki centre, and attended the lessons of Abu 'Imran Musa b. 'Isa ibn Abi'l-Hajjaj, a famous Maliki doctor, who came from Fes and whose teaching influenced a large number of disciples from Ifriqiyya, Sicily, Morocco and Andalus. In the course of his conversations with the master, Yahya ibn Ibrahim became aware of his own ignorance in religious matters and the superficial character of Islam to be found among his fellow tribe members in the southern regions of the Sahara. Moved by the desire to bring his people the teaching which he himself had received at the Qayrawan, he asked Abu 'Imran to send with him across the desert one of his disciples who was distinguished in knowledge of the

100. Colloquium No. 6 - Fung Kam Wing - 香港科技大學圖æ� The summary for this Chinese (Traditional) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://library.ust.hk/info/colloq/jun2002/fung-talk.html

HKUST LIBRARY Exhibits / Colloquia / News Colloquium on Information Science: HKUST Library Series No. 6 - 6 June 2002 Celebrating Special Collections : Scholarship and Beauty 法甘尼(al-FarghānÄ«, ?-861或以後)、阿爾 白塔尼(al-BattānÄ« , 858或以前-929)åˆ°ä¸å ˆç”Ÿ(Christoph Clavius, 1538-1612)、利瑪竇(Matteo Ricci, 1552-1610)çš„æ–‡ç»ä¹‹æ— å ¬å ƒå «ä¸–ç´€åˆä¸­è‘‰ï¼Œé˜¿æ‹‰ä¼¯é˜¿æ‹”æ–¯çŽ‹æœ ( ‘Abbāsid Dynasty of the Muslim Empire of the Caliphate, 750-1258, 唐代稱為“黑衣大食”) 哈里發沙發(Caliph as- Saffah，749-54 在位)å‘æ±æ“´å±•å‹¢åŠ›ï¼Œè€Œç•¶æ™‚è¢«ä¸­äºžè«¸åœ‹ç¨±ç‚ºâ€œå¤©å¯æ±—â€çš„å”æœäº¦æ™‚æ¬²è¶ŠéŽîå¶ºå‘è¥¿æ“´å¤§å ¶è»äº‹å½±éŸ¿åŠ›ã€‚æ±è¥¿å ©å¤§å‹¢åŠ›çš„æ“´è¡¡ï¼Œæœ€çµ‚å¼•è‡´æ­¤å€ä¸Šçš„å±€éƒ¨æˆ°çˆ­ã€‚ å ¬å ƒ751å¹´2月至752å¹´1>月(伊斯蘭曆134年至135年之間，唐玄宗天寶十年)由大將高仙芝統率的唐朝軍隊和由Ziyad ibn Salih率領的阿拉伯軍隊在中亞的坦邏斯河(Talas River)發生戰爭，唐軍大敗，二萬多唐軍和技術工匠(如造紙工匠和可能與火藥製作有關的工匠)被俘往撒馬爾罕(Samarqand or Samarkandï¼ŒçƒçŽ†åˆ¥å ‹å¢ƒå §)，而這些中國人俘虜於是在撒馬爾罕用“碎布”製造“中國紙”。從這時開始，製造“中國紙”的造紙廠遍布撒馬爾罕、巴格達(Baghdad) 的達魯哈玆區、提哈瑪、也門(Yemen)、大馬士革(Damascus)å’Œé–‹ç¾ (Cairo) 等地。應當指出，造紙業的興盛、紙價的低廉，與阿拔斯時代學術運動的發達有很大關係。

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