21. Encyclopedia: List Of Iranian Scientists mathematician and astronomer from Baghdad, the eldest of the banu musa brothers . Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir Banu Musa, also Bani Musa, http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-Iranian-scientists

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "List of Iranian scientists" also viewed: Ghiyath al_Kashi Internet cafe List of Muslims Jafar ibn Mohammad ... List of famous Russians What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Arnaldo Momigliano Armageddon 2001 Arachidonic acid Antioch College ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: List of Iranian scientists Updated 2 days 22 hours 38 minutes ago. Other descriptions of List of Iranian scientists Photo taken from medieval manuscript by Qotbeddin Shirazi. The image depicts a star constellation. Download high resolution version (500x683, 94 KB)Picture taken by Zereshk from old manuscript of Qotbeddin Shirazis treatise. ... Download high resolution version (500x683, 94 KB)Picture taken by Zereshk from old manuscript of Qotbeddin Shirazis treatise. ... Classical (pre-modern) Era The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists and engineers that lived from antiquity up until the begining of the modern age.

22. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page banu musa brothers (1208) Banu Musa, al-Hasan (133) Banu Musa, Ahmad (61) BanuMusa, Jafar (161) bar Hiyya, Abraham (641) Barbier, Joseph Emile (67) http://www.maththinking.com/boat/mathematicians.html

Full Alphabetical Index Click below to go to one of the separate alphabetical indexes A B C D ... XYZ The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (861) al-Nasawi , Abu (681) al-Nayrizi , Abu'l (621) al-Qalasadi , Abu'l (1247) al-Quhi , Abu (1146) al-Samarqandi , Shams (202) al-Samawal , Ibn (1569) al-Sijzi , Abu (708) al-Tusi , Nasir (1912) al-Tusi , Sharaf (1138) al-Umawi , Abu (1014) al-Uqlidisi , Abu'l (1028) Albanese , Giacomo (282) Albategnius (al-Battani) (1333*)

23. Thabit Ibn Qurra: Information From Answers.com At the invitation of Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir, one of the banu musa brothers,Thabit went to study in Baghdad at the House of Wisdom. http://www.answers.com/topic/thabit-ibn-qurra

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Thabit ibn Qurra Wikipedia @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/common.css); @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/gnwp.css); Thabit ibn Qurra Thabit ibn Qurra abu' l'Hasan ibn Marwan al-Sabi al'Harrani February 18 ) was an Arab astronomer and mathematician . In Latin he was known as Thebit Thabit was born in Harran (antique Carrhae), Mesopotamia (now Turkey ). At the invitation of Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir , one of the Banu Musa brothers, Thabit went to study in Baghdad at the House of Wisdom . He belonged to the sect of the Harranian Sabians , often confused with the Mandaeans . As star-worshippers, Sabians showed a great interest in astronomy and mathematics . This sect lived in the vicinity of the main center of the Caliphate until , when the Mongols destroyed their last shrine. During Muslim rule, they were a protected minority, and around the time of al-Mutawakkil 's reign their town became a center for philosophical and medical learning. They were joined by the descendants of pagan Greek scholars who, having been persecuted in Europe, settled in lands that became part of the

24. Thabit Ibn Qurra -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article At the invitation of Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir, one of the banu musa brothers,Thabit went to study in (Capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/t/th/thabit_ibn_qurra.htm

Thabit ibn Qurra [Categories: 9th century mathematicians, Arab astronomers, Arab mathematicians, 901 deaths, 826 births] Thabit ibn Qurra abu' l'Hasan ibn Marwan al-Sabi al'Harrani (Click link for more info and facts about 826) (Click link for more info and facts about 901) ) was an (A member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa) Arab (A physicist who studies astronomy) astronomer and (A person skilled in mathematics) mathematician . In (Any dialect of the language of ancient Rome) Latin he was known as Thebit Thabit was born in (Click link for more info and facts about Harran) Harran (antique Carrhae), (The land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq) Mesopotamia (now (A Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923) Turkey ). At the invitation of Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir, one of the Banu Musa brothers, Thabit went to study in (Capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River)

25. Black Behind Blue fact, he was a great pretender compared to the three banu musa brothers ofBaghdad (9th Century) and their Book of Ingenious Inventions. http://www.cyberpoems.com/9-2/blackbehindblue.htm

Black Behind Blue I am presently in love with Leonardo DaVinci. fact, he was a great pretender compared to the three Banu Musa brothers of Baghdad (9th Century) and their Book of Ingenious Inventions. But everything was burned in the Crusades. The Brethren of Purity, often referred to in medieval theology as the 11 heads of cabbage, lived as one, choosing muteness, communicating only by lengthy letters, one of which argued that the animals of the world mirror the stars in the sky. Whose notebooks will survive? snickers Leonardo, beholding himself in the mirror as he writes. Would you choose to swim in a pool made of mercury, drifting among the golden boats with the barbaric Banu Musa Brothers, or would you put your money on me? (I have invented a parachute, but no plane.) He who journeys without companions can send his thoughts to dwell in the eternal blue sky or to fall like a stone into turbulent waters. He lived on a star called Earth with Water. A star that twinkled like every other.

26. Islamic Libraries The three banu musa brothers were the authors of a foundational text of Arabianmathematics. AlMa mun, the son of a former caliph had created a library, http://www.innvista.com/society/education/info/islamlib.htm

Islamic Libraries Home About Us Contact Us Home ... Libraries Search innvista.com Our Notice Board Islamic Libraries Western Asia Literary and scientific activity began in the Islamic world in the late 8th century. It was helped by the manufacture of paper, introduced from the Far East. The libraries of the Eastern Roman Empire were used as models in building and were fitted out in a lavish manner. They appear to have influenced Christian libraries. They transmitted Eastern and Greek literature to western Europe. With the conquest of Persia, Greek and Persian literatures were translated into Arabic. There began a thousand years of building Muslim libraries. Baghdad was a world centre of learning by the end of the 8th century. A library was founded in that city by Harun-al-Raschid. He received manuscripts from various places as tribute. He son Mamun (d. 833) instigated the translation of Oriental and Greek literature into Arabic. Then, libraries were built in Damascus and Jerusalem. Under the Umayyads, Khalid bin Yazid, Abu ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ala al-Ma’arri (d. 770), and others built private libraries. These were appropriated by the Abbasids, who also established libraries. Abbasid Ja‘far ab Mansur (754-775) opened translation bureaus. He collected Greek, Byzantine, Syrian, Egyptian, Persian, and Sanskrit rare works. One man bequeathed two personal collections to the Nizamiyah College at Baghdad. Gifts of collections were also received from other sources. A fire in 1116 destroyed the library, but the books were saved. Caliph al-Nazir donated thousands of books to the new library. This library survived several invasions and was eventually merged with the Mustansiriyah in 1393. Rare books loaded on 160 camels were transferred from the Imperial Library.

27. Abasid1 Private patrons such as the banu musa brothers followed his example. This activityhad a profound effect not only on Muslim intellectual life but also on http://www.angelfire.com/nt/Gilgamesh/abasid1.html

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Angelfire Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next The 'Abbasid caliphate Opposition to the Umayyads finally came to a head in northeastern Iran (Khorasan) in 747 when the mawla Abu Muslim raised black banners in the name of the 'Abbasids , a branch of the family of the Prophet, distantly related to 'Ali and his descendants. In 749 the armies from the east reached Iraq, where they received the support of much of the population. The 'Abbasids themselves came from their retreat at Humaymah in southern Jordan, and in 749 the first 'Abbasid caliph, as-Saffah , was proclaimed in the mosque at Al-Kufah. This " 'Abbasid Revolution" ushered in the golden age of medieval Iraq. Khorasan was too much on the fringes of the Muslim world to be a suitable capital, and from the beginning the 'Abbasid caliphs made Iraq their base. By this time Islam had spread well beyond the original garrison towns, even though Muslims were still a minority of the population. At first the 'Abbasids ruled from Al-Kufah or nearby, but in 762

28. Ahmad Musa --  Encyclopædia Britannica banu musa brothers University of St.Andrews, Scotland Brief introduction to thelife and works of these three brothers from Baghdad known for their http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9004135

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Ahmad Musa Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Ahmad Musa  Encyclopædia Britannica Article Page 1 of 1 flourished 14th century, Tabriz, Azerbaijan Kalila wa Dimna Ahmad Musa... (75 of 140 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Ahmad Musa."

29. Quran.ca - Al-Kindi, Cryptography, Code Breaking And Ciphers There AlKindi together with Al-Khawarizmi and the banu musa brothers worked ontranslating Greek texts to Arabic. Although it is thought that Al-Kindi did http://www.quran.ca/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=84

30. Architects Of The Scientific Thought In Islamic Civilization banu musa brothers grew up in this scientific environment, and became among the banu musa brothers wrote in several scientific fields, such as geometry, http://www.isesco.org.ma/pub/Eng/Architects/P7.htm

Index 6. Banu Musa Ibn Shakir (Died in 259H/ 872AD) Scientific Contributions Ibn Musa brothers excelled in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, mechanics and geometry and contributed to their development by their important innovations and discoveries. Their scientific contributions in mechanics appeared in the invention of a series of scientific tools and automatic devices, such as a number of farming machines, fountains which show numerous images with ascending waters. They also invented a number of household devices and toys as well as machines for loads traction, lifting or weighing. Banu Musa brothers had an extensive expertise in general mathematics and put into use their mathematical knowledge in applied matters. They succeeded for instance in creating the elliptic form(30). The method consists in planting two pins at two separate points, taking a thread measuring the distance between the two points. The threat must be tightened from both ends then put around the pins and a pencil inserted into the other folded end. When the pencil is turned clockwise the elliptic form is drawn.

31. Architects Of The Scientific Thought In Islamic Civilization alMamun, al-Mu tasim and al-Mutawakkil as well as the three astronomers, thebanu musa brothers and the astronomer Sanad Ibn Ali. http://www.isesco.org.ma/pub/Eng/Architects/P8.htm

Index 7. Al-Kindi Al-Kindi was known as the Philosopher of the Arabs and was considered "as one of the 12 geniuses endowed with a high level of intelligence"(32). He was an encyclopedic scholar. Besides his fame as philosopher, he was mathematician, astronomer, physicist, physician, pharmacist and geographer. His full name was Yaqub Ibn Ishaq Ibn Sabah al-Kindi Abu Yuusuf. He hailed from al-Kinda tribe and was known in Latin by Alkindus. He was born at Kufa where his father was governor(33). Scientific Contributions He wrote four books on the use of Indian numerals and made considerable contribution to spherical geometry which he used in his astronomical studies(34). He observed the positions of stars and planets -particularly the Sun and the Moon- in comparison to Earth and their eventual natural impact as well as the arising phenomena. He came up with breakthrough and bold views in his research, including on the origin of life on Earth. This forced several scholars to recognize him as a high level thinker(35). In chemistry, he challenged the idea that precious metals, such as gold can be extracted from base metals. He wrote a treatise that he called "Treatise in Opposition of Alchemists Pretending to Make Gold and Silver and their Trickeries".

32. Article About "Al-Kindi" In The English Wikipedia On 24-Apr-2004 Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq alSabbah Al-Kindi (801 - 873) worked with Al-Khawarizmiand the banu musa brothers to translate Greek scientific manuscripts in http://fixedreference.org/en/20040424/wikipedia/Al-Kindi

The Al-Kindi reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference : snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org) Al-Kindi Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Sabbah Al-Kindi ) worked with Al-Khawarizmi and the Banu Musa Brothers to translate Greek scientific manuscripts in the " House of Wisdom " in Baghdad . In addition, Al-Kindi wrote many manuscripts and books of his own. Topics for these manuscripts included: Indian numbers The harmony of numbers Lines and multiplication with numbers Relative quantities Numerical procedures and cancellation The theory of parallel lines (and in particular lines which are non-intersecting and non-parallel) External link http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Kindi.html This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This is the "Al-Kindi" reference article from the English Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License . See also our

33. Constructions History AlHajjaj banu musa brothers Book I Cleopatra Elements Euclid Gerard of Cremona Heron of Alexandria Hunayn ibn Ishaq http://www-cgrl.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/research/constructions.history.html

"We must first search after reason, and when it has been found, and not until then, authority if added to it, may be received." Adelard of Bath Adelard of Bath The Impact of Muslim Science Al-Hajjaj Banu Musa brothers ... Homepage

34. Tiernamen - Ba Translate this page Persisch banu = Erhabene Dame. Türkischer Name. banu musa brothers, * ca. 800 inBagdad. Drei arabische Mathematiker. Sie waren die ersten arabischen http://www.tiernamen.de/namen/tb_b/tb_ba.htm

Ba Babe m/w Babette w Babette, Schlittenhund in einer Geschichte von Jack London. Babsi, Babsy w Babuschka w Baby m/w Bacchus m Bacci m/w Bado m Aus dem germanischen badu = Kampf. Baffi, Baffy m/w Bagel m Beagle von Barry Manilow, US-Entertainer. Baghira m Schwarzer Kater aus Berlin. Bailey m Old Bailey, Hauptkriminalgericht in London. Baja w Spanisch baja=kurz, tief. Bajo m Bakchos, Bacchus m Baker m/w George Baker, * 8.12.1944. Siehe George. Baker und Abel waren zwei Schimpansen die am 28.5.1959 ins Weltall geschossen wurden. Balaban m Balda w, Baldo m Friesische KF von Namen mit bald- (Bald ). ? Balduin m Baldur m Germanischer Lichtgott. Balou, Baloo m Balou, * 10.2.2001. Schwarz-brauner Rottweiler / Berner / Sennenmix aus Freiburg. Balthasar, Baltasar m Balto m Baltus m Kater. Balu m Balzac m Bambam m Bambi m/w Bambo m Baumann m Dieter Baumann, * 9.2.1965. Deutscher Sportler. Olympiasieger 1992 auf der 5000 Meter-Strecke. Bandi, Bandy m/w Bandy ist ein dem Eishockey verwandtes Spiel mit einem Ball (58-62 g schwer). Bandit m Name eines Katers aus Karlsruhe. Banga w Bangle m Banja w, Banjo m

35. Tim Blair: KILROY IS NO LONGER HERE AlKindi (born 801) and the three banu musa brothers worked there, as did thefamous translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq. We should emphasise that the translations http://timblair.spleenville.com/archives/005648.php

Tim Blair Main January 10, 2004 KILROY IS NO LONGER HERE The BBC has suspended its entire staff because of offensive anti-western commentary. No, wait; that’s wrong. The BBC has suspended one presenter because of offensive anti-Arab commentary The Kilroy programme will be taken off air immediately following comments made by Robert Kilroy-Silk in a newspaper article, the BBC has announced. The presenter branded Arabs "suicide bombers, limb amputators, women repressors" and asked what they had given to the world other than oil. The Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) described the piece written by the discussion show host in last week's Sunday Express as a "gratuitous anti-Arab rant". Mr Kilroy-Silk's article included comments saying the toppling of despotic regimes in the Middle East should be a war aim, and questioned the contribution of the Arab nations to world welfare and civilisation. He said Arabs "murdered more than 3,000 civilians on 11 September" and then "danced in the streets" to celebrate. Perry de Havilland summarises Whilst I found his remarks full of nasty collectivist generalization, many of the points he made about what passes for civilization in the Arab world are simply facts... people do indeed get their limbs chopped off as punishment in Saudi Arabia, women are indeed second class citizens (if they are even citizens at all), human rights are ghastly across a great swathe of the Middle East, the last time the Muslim world was a hive of innovation was in the 12th Century etc. etc... all these things are simply facts.

36. Lost Worlds Page 11 - From 500AD To 1000AD in Baghdad, the three banu musa brothers, scientists, produce The Book of Two of these brothers came close to estimating the circumference of the http://www.danbyrnes.com.au/lostworlds/timeline/lwstory11.htm

[Previous page From 1000AD to 1400AD ] [You are now on a page filed as: Timelines - From 500AD to 1000AD] [Next page From 1AD to 500AD This page updated 12 May 2004 Interested in dates/events in history? Try Hyperhistory: http://www.hyperhistory.com/ Link to Lost Worlds at your leisure, if that is your pleasure. Contact via the convenient (and virus-free): e-mail form From 500AD to 1000AD See: Early documents of English history at: http://britannia.com/history/docs/ Circa 1000AD: Chinese perfect gunpowder and begin to use it in warfare. (It is not true that the Chinese never used gunpowder for military purposes.) Circa 1008-1020AD: Japanese court lady Murasaki Shikibu writes the famous novel, Tale of Genji 1014AD: Rajendra I becomes ruler of the Cholas, who dominate much of India. 999AD: Vikings, Ireland, Irish hero Brian Boru takes Dublin from the Vikings (from Sihtric). Boru by 1005 is regarded as "Emperor of the Irish". 998AD: More to come 997AD: Hungary: The first steps towards consolidation are undertaken by King Stephen's father, Géza (972-997), the last Magyar prince, who called in feudal knights and missionaries from the west to help break the resistance of his people which was impending the spread of the new faith and checking the transformation taking place within the country. 997-1030AD: Mohammed of Ghazni rules Afghan empire; he invades India 17 times.

37. History Of Mathematics AlKindi (born 801) and the three banu musa brothers worked there, as did thefamous translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq. Perhaps one of the most significant http://history-of-mathematics.org.ru/arab.html

History of Mathematics Home Babylonian mathematics Egyptian mathematics Greek mathematics ... Sie map Arabic mathematics Recent research paints a new picture of the debt that we owe to Arabic/Islamic mathematics. Certainly many of the ideas which were previously thought to have been brilliant new conceptions due to European mathematicians of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are now known to have been developed by Arabic/Islamic mathematicians around four centuries earlier. In many respects the mathematics studied today is far closer in style to that of the Arabic/Islamic contribution than to that of the Greeks. There is a widely held view that, after a brilliant period for mathematics when the Greeks laid the foundations for modern mathematics, there was a period of stagnation before the Europeans took over where the Greeks left off at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The common perception of the period of 1000 years or so between the ancient Greeks and the European Renaissance is that little happened in the world of mathematics except that some Arabic translations of Greek texts were made which preserved the Greek learning so that it was available to the Europeans at the beginning of the sixteenth century. That such views should be generally held is of no surprise. Many leading historians of mathematics have contributed to the perception by either omitting any mention of Arabic/Islamic mathematics in the historical development of the subject or with statements such as that made by Duhem in:

38. HISTORY OF SCIENCE 7 MEDIEVAL TECHNOLOGY Ancient Rome - Great written about by alJazari 1206, banu musa brothers 850 AD - excelled at complexmachinery for clockwork , automata - but used CLEPSYDRA (water clocks), http://profmaterials.tripod.com/07.html

HISTORY OF SCIENCE #7: MEDIEVAL TECHNOLOGY Ancient Rome - great engineers, poor inventors - use of water-power delayed by use of slaves - but one water wheel could mill 40 times as much flour as two humans powering mill China - Han Dynasty - great inventors, bad entrepreneurs - invented: paper silk-weaving crank clock-work spinning wheel and horizontal loom BUT - large bureaucracy, strong government - controlled irrigation, mail-service, roads, metal manufactures, lacquered goods - few opportunities for people to better themselves as entrepreneurs, inventors Ancient Rome - strong central government - state, technology geared to Rome, aristocrats - slave labour depressed wages - poorly-paid workers mean no mass markets THE DARK AGES 450-1100 A.D. Constantinople capital of Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire 330-1430 A.D. - kept alive classical traditions - isolated from West by Cyrillic alphabet, Greek In West: Rome fell to Barbarian hordes c. 450 - seat of Catholic Church - Church kept alive bits of classical culture - monasteries sites of learning, copying texts

39. Math Lessons - Thabit Ibn Qurra At the invitation of Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir , one of the banu musa brothers,Thabit went to study in Baghdad at the House of Wisdom. http://www.mathdaily.com/lessons/Thabit_ibn_Qurra

Search Mathematics Encyclopedia and Lessons Lessons Popular Subjects algebra arithmetic calculus equations ... more References applied mathematics mathematical games mathematicians more ... 9th century mathematicians Thabit ibn Qurra Thabit ibn Qurra abu' l'Hasan ibn Marwan al-Sabi al'Harrani February 18 ) was an Arab astronomer and mathematician . In Latin he was known as Thebit Thabit was born in Harran (antique Carrhae), Mesopotamia (now Turkey ). At the invitation of Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir , one of the Banu Musa brothers, Thabit went to study in Baghdad at the House of Wisdom . He belonged to the sect of the Harranian Sabians , often confused with the Mandaeans . As star-worshippers, Sabians showed a great interest in astronomy and mathematics . This sect lived in the vicinity of the main center of the Caliphate until , when the Mongols destroyed their last shrine. During Muslim rule, they were a protected minority, and around the time of al-Mutawakkil 's reign their town became a center for philosophical and medical learning. They were joined by the descendants of pagan Greek scholars who, having been persecuted in Europe, settled in lands that became part of the Abbasid caliphate . The Muslims were greatly interested in Greek culture and science , collecting and translating many ancient Greek works in the fields of philosophy and mathematics. Although they later became Arabic speakers, in pre-Islamic times, it was common for Sabians to speak

40. Math History AlKindi (born 801) and the three banu musa brothers worked there, as did thefamous translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq. 1 2. © 2005 http://mathhistory.info/2.html

Introduction Arabic mathematics Chinese mathematics Inca mathematics ... Contacts Arabic mathematics Recent research paints a new picture of the debt that we owe to Arabic/Islamic mathematics. Certainly many of the ideas which were previously thought to have been brilliant new conceptions due to European mathematicians of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are now known to have been developed by Arabic/Islamic mathematicians around four centuries earlier. In many respects the mathematics studied today is far closer in style to that of the Arabic/Islamic contribution than to that of the Greeks. There is a widely held view that, after a brilliant period for mathematics when the Greeks laid the foundations for modern mathematics, there was a period of stagnation before the Europeans took over where the Greeks left off at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The common perception of the period of 1000 years or so between the ancient Greeks and the European Renaissance is that little happened in the world of mathematics except that some Arabic translations of Greek texts were made which preserved the Greek learning so that it was available to the Europeans at the beginning of the sixteenth century.

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