21. Backus John Backus is such an inventor. He played an inspirational role in three By the time John Backus was born in Philadelphia in 1924, his father had grown http://www.cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/shasha/outofmind/backus.html

JOHN BACKUS: a restless inventor We didn't know what we wanted and how to do it. It just sort of grew. The first struggle was over what the language would look like. Then how to parse expressions - it was a big problem and what we did looks astonishingly clumsy now.... John Backus on the invention of FORTRAN Necessity, says the adage, is the mother of invention. Yet some inventors are motivated less by necessity than by sheer irritation at the messiness or inefficiency of the way things are. John Backus is such an inventor. He played an inspirational role in three great creations: FORTRAN, the first high level programming language; Backus-Naur Form, which provides a way to describe grammatical rules for high level languages; and lastly a functional programming language called FP, which advocates a mathematical approach to programming. Today, each of his inventions drives research and commercial agendas throughout the planet. Yet Backus's own life is one of restless energy - from his youth through his retirement. A distaste for inefficiency seems to run in the family. Before World War I, Backus's father had risen from a modest background to the post of chief chemist for the Atlas Powder Company, a manufacturer of nitroglycerine to be used in explosives. His promotion came for good reason.

22. Dusty Decks » Blog Archive » John Backus John Backus initiated and led the project that designed and implemented Fortran, In 1974 I worked for John Backus at IBM San Jose Research (before the http://www.mcjones.org/dustydecks/archives/2003/12/01/4/

Dusty Decks Software Collection Committee Irv Ziller John Backus John Backus initiated and led the project that designed and implemented Fortran, the first high-level programming language. * In 1974 I worked for John Backus at IBM San Jose Research (before the Almaden Research Center was built) . This entry was posted on Monday, December 1st, 2003 at 8:00 pm and is filed under Fortran . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response , or trackback from your own site. Leave a Reply Name (required) Mail (will not be published) (required) Website Dusty Decks is proudly powered by WordPress Entries (RSS) and Comments (RSS)

23. Objects First: John Backus John Backus made a number of significant contributions to the advancement of computer science he designed FORTRAN, the first high level computer language. http://ciips.ee.uwa.edu.au/~morris/Year1/CLP110/backus.html

Objects First John Backus John Backus made a number of significant contributions to the advancement of computer science: he designed FORTRAN, the first high level computer language. FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) is still widely used for scientific and engineering calculations. He was also responsible for the Backus-Naur Form (or BNF), a standard notation which can be used to describe the syntax of a computer language in a formal and unambiguous way. Some other references to his life and work: Biographical notes A Condensed History of Computer Science Back to Functions Back to the Table of Contents John Morris

24. Langreiter.com Plain, Simple: John Backus John Backus, Visualize Context (requires Java Plugin). CREATED BY chris • LAST EDITED BY chris 280 days AGO. Designed create FORTRAN, BNF and FP. SEARCH http://www.langreiter.com/space/John Backus

LANGREITER.COM plain, simple START INDEX John Backus CREATED BY chris chris 311 days AGO Designed [create FORTRAN BNF and FP SEARCH GET YOUR MOVE ON  ALMOST ALL ABOUT YOU So log in langreiter.com account . You always wanted one. Nearby in the temporal dimension: Nobody. ... and 60 of the anonymous kind. Click on for a moderate dose of lcom-talk. This will probably not work in Lynx and other browser exotica. BACKLINKS 2002-08-28-funBackus FP RECENT EDITS ( MORE J Engine Protocol Greasemonkey Book Burro ... Jackrabbit POWERED BY GeoURL RSS 0.92 OFFEN! Offenlegung gem. §25 MedienG: Christian Langreiter , Langkampfen EDIT

25. John W Backus - ResearchIndex Document Query john w backus scientific articles matching the query john w backus. http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/cis?q=John W. Backus

26. Computer History Museum - 1998 Fellow Award Recipient, John Backus John Backus, John Backus (1924 1998 Fellow Award Recipient John Backus led a team at IBM in 1957 that created the first successful high-level http://www.computerhistory.org/events/hall_of_fellows/backus/

John Backus (1924- 1998 Fellow Award Recipient For his development of FORTRAN, contributions to computer systems theory and software project management. John Backus led a team at IBM in 1957 that created the first successful high-level programming language, FORTRAN. It was designed to solve problems in science and engineering, and many dialects of the language are still in use throughout the world. Describing the development of FORTRAN, Backus said "We simply made up the language as we went along. We did not regard language design as a difficult problem, merely a simple prelude to the real problem: designing a compiler which could produce efficient programs...We also wanted to eliminate a lot of the bookkeeping and detailed, repetitive planning which hand coding involved." The name FORTRAN comes from FORmula TRANslation. The language was designed for solving engineering and scientific problems. FORTRAN IV was first introduced by IBM in the early 1960s and still exists in a number of similar dialects on machines from various manufacturers. Hall of Fellows About the Museum Exhibits Collections ... Site Map 1401 N. Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View CA 94043 Ph 650-810-1010

27. John Backus biographies of computer pioneers in the history of computing. http://www.thocp.net/biographies/backus_john.htm

John Backus December 3 1924, Philadelphia, Pensylvania, USA John Backus Related Articles Related Resources Related Topics Principal papers Backus-Naur form, Fortran Hardware SSEC Software FORTRAN See Also Keywords fortran Achievement As projectleader with IBM John Backus developed in the early 1950's with his team: Fortran - Formula Translator. The first high level programming language. This language is most widely used in physics and engineering. He was also responsible for the Backus-Naur Form (or BNF), a standard notation which can be used to decribe the sytanx of a computer language in a formal and unambiguous way. Biography John Backus was born in Philadelphia in 1924, and grew up near there in Wilmington, Delaware. His family was wealthy, and Backus attended the prestigious Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. He was not a good student, and his years at the Hill School were marked by a series of failures. Poor grades and attendance record notwithstanding, Backus graduated from the Hill School in 1942 and entered the University of Virginia. His father, at one time a chemist, wanted him to major in chemistry. Backus did study chemistry for awhile, and enjoyed the theoretical aspects of the science, but he disliked the lab work. By the end of his second semester, his class attendance fell to once a week, and school authorities expelled him. He joined the Army in 1942.

28. Backus Biography of john backus (19240BC) john backus spent his first years in Wilmington, Delaware and attended the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Backus.html

John Warner Backus Born: 3 Dec 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing John Backus spent his first years in Wilmington, Delaware and attended the Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. He graduated in 1942 although according to his own account he did not take his studies at Hill School too seriously:- I flunked out every year. I never studied. I hated studying. I was just goofing around. It had the delightful consequence that every year I went to summer school in New Hampshire where I spent the summer sailing and having a nice time. He entered the University of Virginia to study chemistry at his father's request. However he was no more diligent than at school and in 1943 his studies were terminated. That year he joined the army. In the army he took medical training, working in an Atlantic City hospital in a neurosurgery ward that treated head wounds. Strangely he was found to have a bone tumour and had a plate fitted in his head. A medical training seemed to be the right direction for Backus but after nine months of medical school he gave this up too:- I hated it. They don't like thinking in medical school. They memorize - that's all they want you to do. You must not think.

29. John Backus [Pictures And Photos Of] john backus pictures, photos, photographs, images, physics history. http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Backus_John.html

A larger image of any photo may be purchased. Click on an image to place an order. For more information visit our home page John Backus Description old age, three-quarter view, eyeglasses, shirt, pencil, book, lab, equipment Item ID Backus John F1

30. Backus, John W --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your Gateway To All Brita backus, john W body US mathematician. Excerpt about john backus, inventor of FORTRAN, from Out of Their Minds The Lives and Discoveries of 15 Great http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9356324

Home Browse Store Help Search Britannica Concise Again Backus, John W(arner)  Concise Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 John W. Backus born Dec. 3, 1924, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. U.S. mathematician. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Columbia University. He was head of a small group that in 1957 developed the computer language FORTRAN for numerical analysis. He contributed to the development of ALGOL and developed a notation known as the Backus Normal, or Backus-Naur, Form for defining the syntax of a programmable language (1959). He received the Turing Award in 1977. var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Backus, John W." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9356324 APA style: Backus, John W. ( Britannica Concise Encyclopedia . Retrieved http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9356324

31. National Academy Of Sciences - Members backus, john International Business Machines Corporation. Elected to NAS, 1974. Scientific Discipline, Computer and Information Sciences http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/naspub.nsf/(urllinks)/NAS-58N3UW?opendocum

32. Alibris: John Backus Used, new outof-print books by author john backus. Offering over 50 million titles from thousands of booksellers worldwide. http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Backus, John

You'll find it at Alibris! Log in here Over 50 million used, new and out-of-print books! CART ACCOUNT WISHLIST HELP ... SEARCH search in Books Music: All CD Vinyl Movies: All DVD VHS by title / ISBN by author / artist by subject / genre Sell it to Alibris for $5. We'll buy your used copy and pay the postage too. learn more my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Your search: Books Author: Backus, John (1 matching title) Narrow your results by: Hardcover Softcover Signed First edition ... Eligible for FREE shipping Narrow results by publisher or refine further Sometimes it pays off to expand your search to view all available copies of books matching your search terms. Page of 1 sort results by Top-Selling Used Price New Price Title Author The acoustical foundations of music more books like this by Backus, John see all copies from new only from signed copies first editions SVS Page of 1 Related subjects Music > Theory Music > Appreciation Acoustics and physics Acoustics and physic ... browse all subjects Our Money-Back Guarantee We guarantee the condition of every book, new or used. If you are not satisfied for any reason, simply return the item within 30 days for a full refund of the purchase price. For further details

33. The Encyclopedia Of Computer Languages backus, john On Reduction Languages in Courant Symposium on High Level Level backus, john W. Programming Language Semantics and Closed Applicative http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showperson.prx?PeopleID=19

34. FORTRAN backus, john Programming in America in the nineteen fifties some personal impressions backus, john The History of FORTRAN I, II and III § http://hopl.murdoch.edu.au/showlanguage.prx?exp=8&language=FORTRAN

35. Memorial Obituaries Backus, John backus, john A. On Tuesday, July 12, 2005 of Rockville, MD. Beloved husband of the late Ann Griffith backus. Loving father of Sarah A. backus. http://obit.pumphreyfuneralhome.com/obit_display.cgi?id=236797&listing=Current

36. The History Of FORTRAN I, II, And III 8 backus, john 1976 June 1015. Programming in America in the nineteen 9 backus, john 1978. The von Neumann style as an obstacle to high level http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=808380

37. FORmula TRANslation - Fortran john W. backus was a programming pioneer in the field of hardware and software john backus most celebrated accomplishment is the supervision of the http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfortran.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Business Inventors Famous Inventions ... F Start Inventions FORmula TRANslation - Fortran Business Inventors Essentials 20th Century Inventions - Timelines ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Inventors newsletter! See Online Courses Search Inventors FORmula TRANslation Featured Story on Fortran and John Backus FORmula TRANslation The first high level programming language, fortran invented by John Backus and IBM. John W. Backus was a programming pioneer in the field of hardware and software development in the 1950s through the 1980s and early 1990s Backus won the 1993 National Academy of Engineering's Charles Stark Draper Prize, the highest national prize awarded in engineering, for the invention of Fortran. John Backus most celebrated accomplishment is the supervision of the development of the Fortran language. Harlan Herrick executed the first successful fortran program. FORTRAN : The Early Turning Point A sample chapter from GoTo - a book by Steve Lohr on the history of software and software programmers.

38. FORTRAN - The Education Of John Backus Stellar scores on Army aptitude tests resulted in backus being sent for advanced training. http://inventors.about.com/od/fstartinventions/a/Fortran_3.htm

var zLb=1; var zIoa1 = new Array('John Backus and Fortran','Go To - Book Review','http://inventors.about.com/library/content/aafprgoto.htm','Brief History of Fortran','http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa072198.htm'); var zIoa2 = new Array('Related Innovations','History of Computers','http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm','History of Software','http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsoftware.htm'); var zIoa3 = new Array('Fortran "Turning Point"','Part One of Fortran "Turning Point"','http://inventors.about.com/od/fstartinventions/a/Fortran.htm','Part Two of Fortran "Turning Point"','http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/John_Backus.htm','Part Three of Fortran "Turning Point"','http://inventors.about.com/od/fstartinventions/a/FORTRAN_History.htm'); zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Business Inventors Business ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Inventors newsletter!

39. Jones Encyclopedia Of Media & Technology Information john backus is a computer programmer best known for the invention of FORTRAN (for FORmula TRANslation), the first highlevel computer programming language http://www.jonesencyclo.com/biographies.cfm

Home Biographies Browse this catagory by Industry: All Articles Audio/Music Recording Broadband/Cable Broadcast TV Networks Cable Companies/MSOs Cable TV Networks Computer History Computer Science Education Entertainment Famous Film Directors/Producers Film Companies/Studios Film Technologies Hardware/Electronics Internet/Networking New Media/Publishing Photography/Graphics Print Radio Radio Networks Software/Programming Telecom Television Women in Media and IT All Articles Boole, George (1815 - 1864) Demo Access George Boole was a mathematician and logistician who developed ways of expressing logical processes using algebraic symbols. Boole's work spawned a branch of mathematics known as symbolic logic. Clarke, Arthur Charles (1917 - ) Demo Access Arthur C. Clarke is an English author and futurist, best known for a corpus of science fiction works recognized for their scientific accuracy and plausibility (including his 1968 novel, 2001: A Space Odyssey ). Clarke is also noted for his 1945 prediction of orbital communication satellites. Grove, Andrew S. (1936 - )

40. History Of Computers Biography of john backus Leader of the team that developed Fortran programming language john backus, Recipient of Alan M. Turing Award BELL, GORDON http://www.hitmill.com/computers/computerhx1.html

hitmill.com History of Computers Part 1 Photograph of PDP-6 Computer Part 2 are a compiled directory of computer history links for students and researchers. A B C D ... Z -A- ABACUS The Abacus (ee.ryerson.ca) Abacus Applet (use this abacus interactively with your mouse) The Abacus: A History (Liz Young) The Abacus - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts (T.Hammond, truman.edu) The Abacus Great picture!(CyberKids) AIKEN, HOWARD HATHAWAY Howard Hathaway Aiken and the Mark I Howard Aiken: Makin' A Computer Wonder Howard Hathaway Aiken, Computer Pioneer Howard Aiken's Harvard Mark I ALTAIR Computer Altair 8800 (Wikipedia) Introduction The Revolution Begins (David Bunnell) The Altair 8800 and Ed Roberts Altair History (onlineethics.org) Early History of the Personal Computer (by Thayer Watkins at San Jose State University) Brief History of the Altair (highgate.comm.sfu.ca) The Virtual Altair Museum" Ed Roberts Interview (virualaltair.com) What Good is a Computer Without Software? (virtualaltair.com) How the Personal Computer Was Born (sas.org) Looking Back on Nearly Three Decades of Personal Computing (by Forrest M. Mims III)

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