1. Aristotle -- General Introduction [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] aristotle was born in 384 BCE. at Stagirus, a Greek colony and seaport on the coast of Thrace. aristotle begins by sketching the history of philosophy. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/aristotl.htm

Aristotle (384-322 BCE.): General Introduction Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to that part of this article) Life Writings Logic Metaphysics ... Art Life Upon the death of Philip, Alexander succeeded to the kingship and prepared for his subsequent conquests. Aristotle's work being finished, he returned to Athens, which he had not visited since the death of Plato. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens. He thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was in connection with this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics , meaning "to walk about." For the next thirteen years he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BCE., the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against him. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) "The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates." In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BCE.

2. Aristotle: Logic Instead, our knowledge of aristotle s doctrines must be derived from For aristotle, primary substance is just the individual thing itself, which cannot http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/2n.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Aristotle: Logical Methods Aristotle Life and Works Logic Demonstration Four Causes ... Internet Sources The greatest and most influential of Plato 's students was Aristotle , who established his own school at Athens. Although his writing career probably began with the production of quasi-Platonic dialogues, none of them have survived. Instead, our knowledge of Aristotle's doctrines must be derived from highly-condensed, elliptical works that may have been lecture notes from his teaching at the Lyceum. Although not intended for publication, these texts reveal a brilliant mind at work on many diverse topics. Philosophically, the works of Aristotle reflect his gradual departure from the teachings of Plato and his adoption of a new approach. Unlike Plato, who delighted in abstract thought about a supra-sensible realm of forms, Aristotle was intensely concrete and practical, relying heavily upon sensory observation as a starting-point for philosophical reflection. Interested in every area of human knowledge about the world, Aristotle aimed to unify all of them in a coherent system of thought by developing a common methodology that would serve equally well as the procedure for learning about any discipline. For Aristotle, then, logic is the instrument (the "organon") by means of which we come to know anything. He proposed as formal rules for correct reasoning the basic principles of the

3. Science And Human Values - Aristotle Article by Prof. Fred L. Wilson of the Rochester Institute of Technology on aristotle's impact on the History and Philosophy of Science http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/aristotle1.html

Prof. Fred L. Wilson Rochester Institute of Technology Science and Human Values Aristotle Overview of Aristotle Of the two great philosophers of Greece, Plato and Aristotle, the latter was the one who relied on observation. Raphael's The School of Athens shows the two great philosophers in the center of the painting, surrounded by the other great Greeks, with Plato holding his hand upright as if to indicate, "Look to the perfecti on of the heavens for truth," while Aristotle holds his arm straight out, implying "look around you at what is if you would know the truth." We shall look deeper in Aristotle's ideas below. Aristotle was born in Stagira (in northern Greece), 384 B.C. He died in Chalcis (on the Aegean island of Euboea, now Ewoia), 322 B.C. Inland from Stagira was the semi-Greek kingdom of Macedon, with which Aristotle's family was closely connected. Aristotle's father, for instance, had been court physician to the Macedonian king Amyntas II. Aristotle lost both parents while a child and was brought up by a friend of the family. He is supposed to have spoken with a lisp and to have been something of a dandy. At the age of seventeen Aristotle traveled to Athens for a college education and after Plato returned from Syracuse, the young man joined Plato's Academy, where he studied assiduously. Eventually he was to become by far the most renowned of all the pupils of Plato. Plato called him "the intelligence of the school."

4. Guardian Unlimited Politics | Aristotle Searchable database of MPs, ministers, election candidates, constituency map and parliamentary activity. Includes biographies, jobs and committees, voting records and contact information. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/aristotle/

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Skip to main content Read today's paper Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Newsblog Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football The Guide Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Soulmates dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Feedback Information GNL press office Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Public Home Your MP Parties Backbencher ... Newsblog Ask Aristotle Find an MP By postcode or place: By surname: Or browse the map How to use Aristotle Archive search Advanced search Ask Aristotle Constituency map (Flash) Constituency map (html) MPs by party Help Ask Aristotle about British politics Ask Aristotle is Guardian Unlimited's unique political database. Open to all and free to use it is packed with information about MPs, ministers, election candidates and parliamentary activity. How do I find my MP?

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6. Aristotle's Political Theory By Fred D. Miller, Jr of Bowling Green State University. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-politics/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change JUL The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Aristotle's Political Theory Aristotle (b. 384 - d. 322 BC), was a Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist. Along with his teacher Plato, Aristotle is generally regarded as one of the most influential ancient thinkers in a number of philosophical fields, including political theory. Aristotle was born in Stagira in northern Greece, and his father was a court physician to the king of Macedon. As a young man he studied in Plato's Academy in Athens. After Plato's death he left Athens to conduct philosophical and biological research in Asia Minor and Lesbos, and he was then invited by King Philip II of Macedon to tutor his young son, Alexander the Great. Soon after Alexander succeeded his father, consolidated the conquest of the Greek city-states, and launched the invasion of the Persian Empire. Aristotle returned as a resident alien to Athens, and was close friend of Antipater the Macedonian viceroy. At this time (335-323 BC) he wrote or at least completed some of his major treatises, including the Politics . When Alexander died suddenly, Aristotle had to flee from Athens because of his Macedonian connections, and he died soon after. Aristotle's life seems to have influenced his political thought in various ways: his interest in biology seems to be expressed in the naturalism of his politics; his interest in comparative politics and his sympathies for democracy as well as monarchy may have been encouraged by his travels and experience of diverse political systems; he criticizes harshly, while borrowing extensively, from Plato's

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8. ÁñéóôïôÝëåéï ÐáíåðéóôÞìéï Èåóóáëïíßêçò This is the official website of aristotle University of Thessaloniki. http://www.auth.gr/

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9. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Aristotle Visit New Advent for the Summa Theologica, Church Fathers, Catholic Encyclopedia and more. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01713a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Aristotle A B C D ... Z Aristotle The greatest of heathen Philosophers, born at Stagira, a Grecian colony in the Thracian peninsula Chalcidice, 384 B.C.; died at Chalcis, in Euboea, 322 B.C. His father, Nicomachus, was court physician to King Amyntas of Macedonia. This position, we have reason to believe, was held under various predecessors of Amyntas by Aristotle's ancestors, so that the profession of medicine was in a sense hereditary in the family . Whatever early training Aristotle received was probably influenced by this circumstance; when, therefore at the age of eighteen he went to Athens his mind was already determined in the direction which it afterwards took, the investigation of natural phenomena. From his eighteenth to his thirty-seventh year he remained at Athens as pupil of Plato and was, we are told, distinguished among those who gathered for instruction in the Grove of Academus, adjoining Plato's house. The relations between the renowned teacher and his illustrious pupil have formed the subject of various legends, many of which represent Aristotle in an unfavourable light. No doubt there were divergencies of opinion between the master, who took his stand on sublime, idealistic principles, and the scholar, who, even at that time, showed a preference for the investigation of the facts and laws of the physical world. It is probable that

10. Aristotle's Logic Survey of aristotle s logical work, with a focus on the Organon . http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change AUG The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Aristotle's Logic Aristotle's logic, especially his theory of the syllogism, has had an unparalleled influence on the history of Western thought. It did not always hold this position: in the Hellenistic period, Stoic logic, and in particular the work of Chrysippus, was much more celebrated. However, in later antiquity, following the work of Aristotelian Commentators, Aristotle's logic became dominant, and Aristotelian logic was what was transmitted to the Arabic and the Latin medieval traditions, while the works of Chrysippus have not survived. This unique historical position has not always contributed to the understanding of Aristotle's logical works. Kant thought that Aristotle had discovered everything there was to know about logic, and the historian of logic Prantl drew the corollary that any logician after Aristotle who said anything new was confused, stupid, or perverse. During the rise of modern formal logic following Frege and Peirce, adherents of Traditional Logic (seen as the descendant of Aristotelian Logic) and the new mathematical logic tended to see one another as rivals, with incompatible notions of logic. More recent scholarship has often applied the very techniques of mathematical logic to Aristotle's theories, revealing (in the opinion of many) a number of similarities of approach and interest between Aristotle and modern logicians.

11. Project Aristotle(sm): Automated Categorization Of Web Resources Projects, research, products and services investigating or demonstrating automated Web categorization. Some prototypes and demos are available. http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/Aristotle.htm

Project Aristotle (sm): Automated Categorization of Web Resources Users are seeking guidance and organization in a chaotic, dynamic information framework ." David Eichmann, Ethical Web Agents PROJECTS, RESEARCH, PRODUCTS and SERVICES Project Name People Helping One Another Know Stuff (PHOAKS) Principal Investigators Will Hill (willhill@research.att.com) Loren Terveen (terveen@research.att.com) Project Summary PHOAKS reads messages posted to thousands of USENET newsgroups and tallies and summarizes Web resource recommendations that appear in those messages. Its index method mimics exactly the hierarchical structure of Netnews. After each index name, the number of Web resources encountered by PHOAKS is indicated. PHOAKS "can automatically recognize recommendations with at least 90% accuracy". Demonstration or Prototype Access http://www.phoaks.com//index.html References HILL, W. and TERVEEN, L. Using frequency-of-mention in public conversations for social filtering . Paper prepared for Cooperating Communities, the 1996 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work , November 16-20, 1996, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

12. Aristotle This article suggests that aristotle, more than any other thinker, determined the orientation and the content of Western intellectual history. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aristotle.html

Aristotle Born: 384 BC in Stagirus, Macedonia, Greece Died: 322 BC in Chalcis, Euboea, Greece Click the picture above to see six larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Aristotle was not primarily a mathematician but made important contributions by systematising deductive logic. He wrote on physical subjects: some parts of his Analytica posteriora show an unusual grasp of the mathematical method. Primarily, however, he is important in the development of all knowledge for, as the authors of [2] write:- Aristotle, more than any other thinker, determined the orientation and the content of Western intellectual history. He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that through the centuries became the support and vehicle for both medieval Christian and Islamic scholastic thought: until the end of the 17 th century, Western culture was Aristotelian. And, even after the intellectual revolutions of centuries to follow, Aristotelian concepts and ideas remained embedded in Western thinking. Aristotle was born in Stagirus, or Stagira, or Stageirus, on the Chalcidic peninsula of northern Greece. His father was Nicomachus, a medical doctor, while his mother was named Phaestis. Nicomachus was certainly living in Chalcidice when Aristotle was born and he had probably been born in that region. Aristotle's mother, Phaestis, came from Chalcis in Euboea and her family owned property there.

13. Aristotle aristotle (384322 B.C.E.) Mine is the first step and therefore a small one, though worked out with much thought and hard labor. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Aristotle Though a brilliant pupil, aristotle opposed some of Plato s teachings, A full description of aristotle s contributons to science and philosophy is http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) Mine is the first step and therefore a small one, though worked out with much thought and hard labor. You, my readers or hearers of my lectures, if you think I have done as much as can fairly be expected of an initial start. . . will acknowledge what I have achieved and will pardon what I have left for others to accomplish. Aristotle was born in Stagira in north Greece, the son of Nichomachus, the court physician to the Macedonian royal family. He was trained first in medicine, and then in 367 he was sent to Athens to study philosophy with Plato. He stayed at Plato's Academy until about 347 the picture at the top of this page, taken from Raphael's fresco The School of Athens , shows Aristotle and Plato (Aristotle is on the. right). Though a brilliant pupil, Aristotle opposed some of Plato's teachings, and when Plato died, Aristotle was not appointed head of the Academy. After leaving Athens, Aristotle spent some time traveling, and possibly studying biology, in Asia Minor (now Turkey) and its islands. He returned to Macedonia in 338 to tutor Alexander the Great; after Alexander conquered Athens, Aristotle returned to Athens and set up a school of his own, known as the Lyceum. After Alexander's death, Athens rebelled against Macedonian rule, and Aristotle's political situation became precarious. To avoid being put to death, he fled to the island of Euboea, where he died soon after. Aristotle is said to have written 150 philosophical treatises. The 30 that survive touch on an enormous range of philosophical problems, from biology and physics to morals to aesthetics to politics. Many, however, are thought to be "lecture notes" instead of complete, polished treatises, and a few may not be the work of Aristotle but of members of his school.

15. Aristotle General Introduction [Internet Encyclopedia Of aristotle (384322 BCE.) General Introduction. Table of Contents The Soul and Psychology. Ethics. Politics. Art Life. aristotle was born http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Aristotle A brief discussion of the life and works of aristotle, with links to electronic texts and additional information. http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aris.htm

Philosophy Pages F A Q Dictionary ... Locke Aristotle 384-322 BCE Life and Works Logic Demonstration ... Internet Sources Born at Stagira in northern Greece, Aristotle was the most notable product of the educational program devised by Plato ; he spent twenty years of his life studying at the Academy. When Plato died, Aristotle returned to his native Macedonia, where he is supposed to have participated in the education of Philip's son, Alexander (the Great). He came back to Athens with Alexander's approval in 335 and established his own school at the Lyceum, spending most of the rest of his life engaged there in research, teaching, and writing. His students acquired the name "peripatetics" from the master's habit of strolling about as he taught. Although the surviving works of Aristotle probably represent only a fragment of the whole, they include his investigations of an amazing range of subjects, from logic philosophy , and ethics to physics, biology, psychology, politics , and rhetoric. Aristotle appears to have thought through his views as he wrote, returning to significant issues at different stages of his own development. The result is less a consistent system of thought than a complex record of Aristotle's thinking about many significant issues. The aim of Aristotle's logical treatises (known collectively as the Organon ) was to develop a universal method of reasoning by means of which it would be possible to learn everything there is to know about reality. Thus, the

17. Guardian Unlimited Politics | Aristotle | Conservative MPs A-L Profiles, parliament jobs and committees, voting records, entries in the Register of Members' Interests and contact information for each MP, listed alphabetically. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/browse/party/mps/0,9369,-59,00.html

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18. Aristotle A brief discussion of the life and works of aristotle, with links to electronic texts and additional information. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. Aristotle's Political Theory aristotle's Political Theory. aristotle (b. 384 d. 322 BC), was a Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Guardian Unlimited Politics | Aristotle | Spelman, Caroline Includes voting record, jobs, committees, biography and contact information for the Conservative MP for Meriden and Shadow Cabinet member. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/0,9290,-4915,00.html

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Skip to main content Read today's paper Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Newsblog Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football The Guide Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Soulmates dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Feedback Information GNL press office Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Public Home Your MP Parties Backbencher ... Newsblog Ask Aristotle Find an MP By postcode or place: By surname: Or browse the map How to use Aristotle Archive search Advanced search People MPs Conservative Caroline Spelman Caroline Spelman Member of Parliament for Meriden Party : Conservative Shadow secretary of state for local and devolved government Caroline Spelman says: On her proudest achievement in parliament since 2001: "The part I played in helping to bring Ali Ismaeel Abbas to the UK for treatment following the horrific injuries he recieved during the Iraq war."

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