81. Earliest Known Uses Of Some Of The Words Of Mathematics (H) A surviving fragment of the work of archytas of tarentum (ca. 350 BC) states, Thereare three means in music one is the arithmetic, the second is the http://members.aol.com/jeff570/h.html

Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (H) Last revision: June 2, 2005 HAMILTON and HAMILTONIAN are used to recall the work of William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865). The terms in use today derive from his reformulation of mechanics and from the " Icosian game " which he invented and marketed. The game is now understood in terms of graph theory; see Mathworld. Hamilton’s long years of work on QUATERNIONS are recalled only in the name CAYLEY-HAMILTON THEOREM. Hamilton’s two essays on a General Method in Dynamics in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1834-5) gave rise to Hamilton's principle , the Hamiltonian form of the equations of motion and the Hamiltonian function .  All these terms appear in E. T. Whittaker Treatise on the Analytical Dynamics of Particles and Rigid Bodies (1904). The OED has a quotation from 1858, A. Cayley writing about forms of the equations of motion in Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1857 I. 15: "When there is no force function..the forms corresponding to the untransformed forms in T and U are as follows, viz. the Lagrangian form is dq dt q´, d

82. Peter Fosl's Philosophical Chronology Plato (c 428/7 347 BCE)(founds Academy 387 BCE) archytas of tarentum (Plato scontemporary) Theaetetus (c 414 - c 369 BCE) Action of Republic (411 BCE) http://homepages.transy.edu/~philosophy/chronology.html

TRANSYLVANIA UNIVERSITY PHILOSOPHY PROGRAM A PHILOSOPHICAL CHRONOLOGY By Peter S. Fosl Use your "find in page" command (under "Edit" in your browser) to search for particular entries or use the table below to take you to the indicated date. The Big Bang 400 BCE Homo Sapiens 300 BCE ... 500 BCE s s Big Bang postulated (15-16 billion years ago) Formation of the Earth (c 4,500,000,000 years ago) Precambrian Age (4,000,000,000 - 540,000,000 y.a., origin of life [Archeaozoic era] thought to be 4 billion y.a.) Earliest known life in fossil record (c 3,500,000,000 y.a.) Paleozoic Age (540,000,000 - 200,000,000 y.a.) (insects, chondrichthyes, amphibians, reptiles, plants except angiospermae) Mesozoic Age (200,000,000 - 60, 000,000 y.a.) (bony fish, birds, mammals, angiospermae) Dinosaurs become extinct (c 65,000,000 y.a.) Cenozoic Age begins (60,000,000 y.a.) Australopithecus (2,600,000 y.a.) Pleistocene Era (2,000,000 - 10,000 y.a., development of hominids) Appearance of homo sapiens (c 200,000 BCE) Earliest known artwork (c 29,000 BCE) (Willendorf Venus; painted blocks of La Ferrassie)

83. The Research Notebook Of A Beleaguered Hack.: Struik: A Concise History Of Mathe (led by archytas of tarentum (400 BCE)) branched into primitive number theory . Three mathematicians were connected to Plato s Academy Archytas, http://arsenal.media.mit.edu/notebook/archives/000104.html

The research notebook of a beleaguered hack. Struik: A Concise History of Mathematics: Greece As the Mediterranean basin transitioned from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age there were enormous economic and political changes. Iron's introduction changed warfare but also cheapened production, causing a surplus, and allowing more people to be involved in public life. Additionally the introduction of coined money and the alphabet stimulated trade. Culture began to flourish, no longer exclusively the domain of the elite. Sea-raiders upset cultural, scientific, and mathematical progress as they destroyed Minoan civilization, and disrupted Egyptian and Babylonian development. The rise of the Greek city-state in 7th-6th centuries BCE allowed new freedoms to citizens. More leisure (begotten from slavery and wealth) stimulated the growth of rationalism, philosophy, and science. In contrast to oriental approaches, the Greeks did not just "how?" but sought to know "why?" Thales of Milete (who had traveled to Babylon and Egypt) is considered the father of Greek math. In seeking a rational scheme to the universe his tradition added an element of rationalism to mathematics. Only small fragments remain, but through careful analysis a consistent picture of Greek math emerges. The rise of Persia led to conflict and an eventual Greek victory, which expanded the power of Athens. Democratic ideals flourished from 450-400 BCE, paving the path for the Golden Age of Greece. Sophists had greater freedom to examine ideas more abstract than useful. The only complete fragment of this period is written by Hippocrates of Chios. The work shows perfected mathematical reasoning and deals with the impractical: the

84. Richard Maidstone: Concordia: Notes aliquod tamquam adminiculum adnititur, quod in amicissimo quoque dulcissimumest True, therefore, is that celebrated saying of archytas of tarentum, http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/maidnts.htm

RICHARD MAIDSTONE: CONCORDIA: EXPLANATORY NOTES Cicero, De amicitia 23.88, in De senectute, De amicitia, De divinatione Determinacio begins similarly (ed. Edden, p. 121), with an anecdote from Plato. Ricarde . Unidentified, but certainly not ( ut puto ) King Richard; see the Introduction, p. 33 and note 91. Trenovantum . I.e., London; compare lines 18 ("Nova Troia"), 39 ("Troia"), 123 ("Troia Novella"), and 212 ("Pergama"). On these allusions, see Federico, "A Fourteenth-Century Erotics of Politics." I.e., the year 1392. soror . I.e., Diana, the Roman lunar deity. Counting from March (when the new year traditionally began), the moon had completed its monthly cycle ( Phebo fuerat soror associata ) six times ( bis ter ) by August. I.e., 21 August. Perfida Lingua . I.e., Male-bouche , a Roman de la rose -like personification, of a sort that Chaucer's early work (including the English verse translation of the Roman ) had domesticated; compare line 41. quot mortes . Probably a specific reference to the legal murders of various adherents of the king, including Robert Tresilian and Simon Burley, by the so-called Merciless Parliament in February and March 1388, in the aftermath of the Appellants' coup; see Saul, Richard II , pp. 191-94.

85. History (The same story is told of archytas of tarentum.) The mix of fact and fiction isa subject of critical importance for the history of science and technology; http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/history.html

History THE TOPICS AI in the news AI Overview Agents Applications Cognitive Science Education Ethical/Social Expert Systems FAQs History Interfaces Machine Learning Natural Language Philosophy Reasoning Reference Shelf Representation Resources Robots Science Fiction Speech Turing Test Vision What's Left? QUICK START tips AI Overview A - Z Index AI in the news Doing a Report for School Site Map Reference Shelf How to use this site Search Engine DIRECTORY How to use this site Announcements A - Z Index Site Map Reference Shelf Search Engine Contact AI Topics Notices Disclosures AI Topics Home AAAI Home Good Places to Start Readings Online Related Web Sites Related Pages ... More Readings see FAQ Recent News about THE TOPICS (annotated) Perhaps the earliest examples of the urge to make artificial persons are the Greek Gods. ... As a present from Zeus to Europa, Hephaestus makes Talos , a man of bronze whose duty is to patrol the beaches of Crete. He thwarts invaders by hurling great rocks at them, or by heating himself red hot and squeezing trespassers in a warm embrace. -Pamela McCorduck from Machines Who Think The intellectual roots of AI, and the concept of intelligent machines, may be found in Greek mythology. Intelligent artifacts appear in literature since then, with real (and fraudulent) mechanical devices actually demonstrating behaviour with some degree of intelligence. After modern computers became available following World War II, it has become possible to create programs that perform difficult intellectual tasks. Even more importantly, general purpose methods and tools have been created that allow similar tasks to be performed.

86. ARTES LIBERALES We can see the beginnings of this division in Pythagoras and archytas of tarentum.In ancient times it was received and developed by Isocrates in the realm http://www.kul.lublin.pl/efk/angielski/hasla/a/artes.html

ARTES LIBERALES LIBERAL ARTS ( disciplinae liberales artes saeculares saeculares litterae artes magnae The etymology of the term (e.g., M. R. Cicero, De oratore libri tres liber artes quae libero sunt dignae artes serviles artes liberales and artes serviles or vulgares (commonplace arts) comes from Greek culture where the division is based on the fact that the liberal arts are mental arts that do not require physical exertion, hence they are free (as opposed to the commonplace arts) from the work of the muscles of the hands. Galen writes of this ( Protrepticus , 14) as does Cicero ( De Officiis I 42, 150). For Cassiodorus ( Institutiones liber ars ars THE DIVISIONS OF THE ARTES LIBERALES . The list of the artes liberales containing seven liberal arts was established in the first century BC. We find it in the Scholia of Dionysius Thrax. He includes three literary objects ( artes De Ordine wirtes about the liberal arts, and Boethius in De Arithemika (book 1, 1) writes about arithmetic, astronomy, and music. The encyclopedic work De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii Etymologie consider the liberal arts.

87. BBC - Bradford And West Yorkshire - The Big Questions In 400BC archytas of tarentum built a wooden dove that could flap its wings andfly. Back in the 16th century long before we were asking whether Harrison http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/big_questions/robots_cybernetics.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index TUESDAY 30th August 2005 Text only BBC Homepage England Bradford and ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! "I, Robot" ? "How systems self-organise to generate life is a very difficult cybernetics problem..." (photo: courtesy University Of Bradford) SEE ALSO West Yorkshire Faith PRINT THIS PAGE View a printable version of this page. Never mind C3PO, Marvin the Paranoid Android or Doctor Who's tin-dog K9 - the future of robots and much, much more may be right here on our doorstep in Bradford. Take a look at the brochure for the University of Bradford's Department of Cybernetics and you'll find there's a lot more on offer here than a job ticket. Cybernetics, Virtual Worlds and Animatronics - they seem to be the very stuff of science fiction but come to Bradford and you can work on these seemingly mind-blowing topics here and now. I, Robot is now on general release

88. Ptolemy: Iconography Of His Portrait - Ptolémée: Iconographie De Son Portrait Wheter the marvelous old man who copies the words of Pythagoras is Empedocles,or Zeno, or archytas of tarentum, he communicates the urgency of the true http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r14310/Ptolemy/Raphael/30-40.html

Ptolemy Ptolemaeus Iconography of Ptolemy's Portrait Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio 1483-1520), Detail of Ptolemy and Strabo in the School of Athens (Scuola di Atene), 1509-1510, Vaticano, Stanza della Segnatura. 1509-1510, Vaticano, Stanza della Segnatura. Pythagoras and his disciples Grammar, Arithmetic and Music (p. 34) "The 'emblematic image' on the tablet held at Pythagoras's feet is the clue that the fresco is about the mathematical harmonies of the universe. Balancing the Pythagorecians around the slate at the lower left are the astrologers , symmetrically placed on the other side of the foreground. These two groups are rightly represented as conterparts, for what the Pythagoreans defined with musical consonances, the astrologers found out by studying the sky. Plato's raised finger expresses a final connection: from the science of numbers comes music; from music comes cosmic harmony; and from cosmic harmony comes the divine order of ideas." (p. 34) 30. "This may be Terpander or Nicomachus or else another musician and follower of Pythagoras, who was of the opinion that the turning of the stars and the motion of things occurred not otherwise than according to the rules of music (p. 52)."

89. Pronunciation Guide For Mathematics archytas of tarentum 428365 ahr ky tuhs tuh ren tuhm. are (SI unit) ayr.area ar ee uh. Jean Robert Argand 1768-1822 ahr gahN http://waukesha.uwc.edu/mat/kkromare/up.html

Mathematics Pronunciation Guide A Megametamathematical Guide, for the Diacritally Challenged, of the Proper American English Pronunciation of Terms and Names This guide includes most mathematicians and mathematical terms that may been encountered in high school and the first two years of college. Proper names are generally pronounced as in the original language. Some entries are obscure and may be useful only in a game of mathematical trivia, e. g. d'Alembert's mother, the name of the line in a fraction, or who shot Galois. I have not had the time to include most definitions or accomplishments. The curious person may try searching the internet for such information. However I have given a few, they are indicated with Move the curser to the symbol and wait a second. D ates include B.C. or A.D. only if the choice is not obvious from the context. The Guide is not complete, I will be adding more pronunciations and entries as time permits. (I did not give up my day job.) (The red dates and purple pronunciations are not links.)

90. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On April 30, 1999 archytas of tarentum (c. 428 BC c. 350 BC). Short biography and references Crater Archytas (lunar feature); Rima Archytas (lunar feature) http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new990430.html

History of Astronomy What's new History of Astronomy: What's new at this site on April 30, 1999 Some URLs have been updated. History of astronomy Persons A Abbe, Ernst ... Crater Abbe (lunar feature) , Jena, Germany (in German) Ernst-Abbe-Oberschule (Gymnasium) , Berlin, Germany (in German) Ernst-Abbe-Gymnasium , Oberkochen, Germany (in German) Abbot, Charles Greeley (1872-1973) Crater Abbot (lunar feature) Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) Crater Abel (lunar feature) Abetti, Antonio (1846-1928) Crater Abetti (lunar feature) Abu'l Fida [Abu'L-fida; Abulfeda], Ismail (1273-1331) Crater Abulfeda (lunar feature) Abul Wafa [Abu'l-Wafa] Muhammad al-Buzjani (940-997) Crater Abul Wafa (lunar feature) Acosta, Cristobal (1515-c.1594) Solar system feature named after him. No other relation to astronomy known to us. Biographical data and references Crater Acosta (lunar feature) Adams, John Couch (1819-1892) Crater Adams (lunar feature) Agatharchides of Cnidus (? - c. 150 BC) Very short biography Crater Agatharchides (lunar feature) Find more about Agatharchides with Alta Vista Agrippa (fl. AD 92)

91. History - Power: The Final Ingredient - Instructor Some fifty years later archytas of tarentum used a steam jet to launch a woodenbird. But it was not until the onset of the Industrial Revolution in England http://wings.avkids.com/Book/History/instructor/power-01.html

Power: The Final Ingredient page 1 The earliest recorded use of power to make objects fly was during the classic Greek civilization. About 500 B.C. Heron of Alexandria harnessed steam power when he constructed a rotating boiler with four vertical vents. Some fifty years later Archytas of Tarentum used a steam jet to launch a wooden bird. But it was not until the onset of the Industrial Revolution in England at the beginning of the 18th century that the steam engine became mass-produced and less expensive. Cayley himself had in 1837 designed a steam engine to power the propellers of a streamlined balloon - that is, he had foreshadowed the airship as well as the aeroplane. But he was dissatisfied with the design, which would pass water through a cooled pipe in such a way as to convert it to steam in a single pass. He was generally frustrated by the massive weight of the engines used to propel land and sea vehicles, and stressed the need for lightness of material and fuel. "It is proper to notice the probability that exists of using the expansion of air, by the sudden expansion of inflammable powders or liquids ... an engine of this sort might be produced by a gas-tight apparatus and by firing the inflammable air generated with a due portion of air under a piston." Cayley was anticipating the internal combustion engine, but it would not arrive until after his death. Orville and Wilbur Wright became interested in flight as boys in Ohio when their father gave them a rubber band powered toy glider, a recent invention of Alphonse Penaud. Although the brothers did not go onto higher education they were curious, creative and mechanically inclined. As adolescents they had designed and built their own printing press and published a weekly newspaper. When bicycling became popular in the 1890's they took advantage of the "mania" and ran a successful bicycle repair shop. They made so much money repairing bikes they went on to design and manufacture their own bicycles and, of course, added mechanical innovations they had designed.

92. Chronicle Of The Early American Industries Association, Inc., The: Nuts And Bolt Some historians believe that archytas of tarentum, a contemporary of Plato,invented screw bolts perhaps as early as 400 BC Early screws were often not put http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3983/is_200209/ai_n9102183

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports 10,000,000 articles - not found on any other search engine. FindArticles Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association, Inc., The Sep/Oct 2002 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Nuts and bolts Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association, Inc., The Sep 2002 by Kelleher, Tom Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. America was unquestionably in the midst of an Industrial Revolution by the 1820s and 1830s. New England alone had over seven hundred textile factories turning out millions of yards of machine-made cloth each year. Other manufactories turned out firearms, axes, plows, shovels, and scores of other tools by the thousands for a growing nation. Furniture and vehicles were being produced for people whom the makers would likely never meet as improved highways, canals, railroads, and steamboats opened up distant markets. Yet one pillar of modern manufacturing that we today take for granted, namely standardized interchangeable threaded fasteners, still lay in the future.

93. Edison's Eve By Gaby Wood | Edison's Eve By Gaby Wood archytas of tarentum, to Albertus Magnus, a 13thcentury Dominican monk), Iwanted to show that it was only really during the Enlightenment that these http://www.randomhouse.com/anchor/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=1-4000-3158-3&view=

94. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation 1995 Fellows Page Carl A. Huffman, Associate Professor of Classical Studies, DePauw University Astudy of archytas of tarentum. Ann Hulbert, Senior Editor, The New Republic http://www.gf.org/95fellow.html

Foundation Program Areas United States and Canada Latin America and the Caribbean (Fellows from year(s) home page 1995 U.S. and Canadian Fellows top of page Henry Abelove , Professor of English, Wesleyan University: George Berkeley and colonialism. Jonathan James Graham Alexander , Professor of Fine Arts, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University: Italian Renaissance book illumination. Mark Antliff , Assistant Professor of Art History, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario: Georges Sorel, fascism, and the European avant-garde. Skip Arnold , Performance Artist, Los Angeles: Performance art. Ruth Behar , Professor of Anthropology and Faculty Associate of Programs in Women's Studies and Latina/Latino Studies, University of Michigan: The sexual politics of the Cuban revolution. Jonathan Bennett , Professor of Philosophy, Syracuse University: Common themes in the philosophies of Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz. Ravindra N. Bhatt , Professor of Electrical Engineering and Member of the Associated Faculty in Physics, Princeton University: Quantum phases and transitions in condensed matter. Linda Bierds , Poet, Bainbridge Island, Washington; Senior Lecturer in Creative Writing, University of Washington: Poetry.

95. Archytas: Information From Answers.com archytas archytas ( 428 BC 347 BC ), was a Greek philosopher archytas wasborn in tarentum, Magna Graecia (now Italy) and was the son of Mnesagoras or http://www.answers.com/topic/archytas

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Archytas Wikipedia @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/common.css); @import url(http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/css/gnwp.css); Archytas Archytas 428 BC 347 BC ), was a Greek philosopher mathematician astronomer ... strategist and commander-in-chief Archytas was born in Tarentum Magna Graecia (now Italy ) and was the son of Mnesagoras or Histiaeus. He was taught for a while by Philolaus and he was a teacher of mathematics to Eudoxus of Cnidus . He was scientist of the Pythagorean school, famous as the intimate friend of Plato . His and Eudoxus' student was Menaechmus Sometimes he is believed to be the founder of mathematical mechanics According to Eutocius Archytas solved the problem of duplicating the cube in his manner with a geometric construction. Hippocrates of Chios before reduced this problem to finding mean proportionals . Archytas' theory of proportions is treated in the book VIII. of Euclid 's Elements The Archytas curve , which he used in his solution of the doubling the cube problem, is named after him.

96. Archytas - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia archytas was born in tarentum, Magna Graecia (now Italy) and was the son ofMnesagoras or Histiaeus. He was taught for a while by Philolaus and he was a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas

Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$ 130,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Archytas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Archytas 428 BC 347 BC ), was a Greek philosopher mathematician astronomer ... strategist and commander-in-chief Archytas was born in Tarentum Magna Graecia (now Italy ) and was the son of Mnesagoras or Histiaeus. He was taught for a while by Philolaus and he was a teacher of mathematics to Eudoxus of Cnidus . He was scientist of the Pythagorean school, famous as the intimate friend of Plato . His and Eudoxus' student was Menaechmus Sometimes he is believed to be the founder of mathematical mechanics According to Eutocius Archytas solved the problem of duplicating the cube in his manner with a geometric construction. Hippocrates of Chios before reduced this problem to finding mean proportionals . Archytas' theory of proportions is treated in the book VIII. of Euclid 's Elements The Archytas curve , which he used in his solution of the doubling the cube problem, is named after him. Archytas was drowned in the Adriatic Sea ; his body lay unburied on the shore till a sailor humanely cast a handful of sand on it, otherwise he would have had to wander on this side the

97. The Greek Colony Of Tarentum 5.97 Maria Daniels And other letters kept coming both from archytas and from the men in tarentum,eulogizing the philosophy of Dionysius, and saying that unless I come now I http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cl135/Students/Maria_Daniels/tarentum.html

The Greek Colony of Tarentum Dewing 140 Silver didrachm from Tarentum, ca. 380-345 B.C. from the Arthur S. Dewing Greek Numismatic Collection The colony at Tarentum , also known as Taras or Taranto , was founded in 706 BC by a group of Spartans forced by social tensions to leave Sparta ( Boardman 1980a , p. 184) . These men, called Partheniae, were the illegitimate sons of Spartan women, born during a time when the Spartans were off at war with Messenia. These men, who had been deprived of their rights as citizens, were forced out by the free citizens. Their leader was Phalanthus , who went on the advice of the oracle at Delphi. A famous son of Tarentum was the 4th century mathematician Archytus , a friend of Plato , whose solution to the problem of doubling a cube is a construction in three dimensions. Map showing the colonies of Sparta, including Tarentum The Tarentines sent several offerings to Delphi, after winning battles against the Messapians and the Peucetii, non-Greek peoples whose territories bordered theirs in Southern Italy. In a prominent place along the first stretch of Delphi's Sacred Way, the people of Tarentum erected a sculptural group of bronze horses and captive women , of which only the bases remain.

98. Eudoxus He was a pupil in mathematics of archytas in tarentum and in medicine of Philistium.At 23, he moved to Athens to study philosophy at Plato s Academy. http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/Europe/Euclid300BC/EUDOXUS.HTML

Eudoxus of Cnidos 408 - 355 B.C.E. Born around 408 B.C.E. in Cnidos on the Black Sea, Eudoxus was known foremost as a mathematician, but also as an astronomer, physician and legislator. He was a pupil in mathematics of Archytas in Tarentum and in medicine of Philistium. At 23, he moved to Athens to study philosophy at Plato's Academy . Some time later, he traveled to Egypt with Plato , according to Strabo, and received a letter of recommendation to the Pharaoh Nectanebus from the Agesilaus, the king of Sparta. While there, he learned astronomy and made some observations himself. Traveling to Cyzicus, he founded a school which attracted a large number of pupils. Visiting Athens again, with pupils of his school, he held discussions on philosophy with Plato , who did not particularly agree with his views on the theory of ideas. Finally after traveling back to his home land of Cnidos, he died at the age of 53 in 355 B.C.E. He had written a book on practical astronomy, and the Eudemian Summary credits him with the authorship of the first five propositions of Book XIII of the Elements . Proclus says that he invented the theory of proportions explained in Book V. Archimedes credits Eudoxus with the proof by mean of a certain Lemma (perhaps Book X 1) of the propositions that any pyramid is one-third of a prism sharing a common base and altitude (Book XII 7 Cor. I), and that every cone is the third part of a cylinder with a common base and altitude (Book XII 10). On the basis of this and similiarly ambiguous evidence, it is widely believed Eudoxus was the creator of the so-called "method of exhaustion" that one finds in proofs about volumes and areas in ancient Greek texts.

99. Archytas (c.428-c.350 B.C.) archytas lived in the city of tarentum, in what is now southern Italy. Gellius relates, archytas mystified and amused the citizens of tarentum by http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/Archytas.html

Return to The Worlds of David Darling INDEX LATEST NEWS ARCHIVE ... Z entire Web this site Archytas (c.428-c.350 B.C.) Ancient Greek who figures semi-mythically in the annals of rocket history. According to Aulus Gellius, a Roman writer, Archytas lived in the city of Tarentum, in what is now southern Italy. Around 400 B.C., Gellius relates, Archytas mystified and amused the citizens of Tarentum by flying a pigeon made of wood. Apparently, the bird was suspended on wires and propelled by escaping steam-one of the earliest references to the practical application of the principle on which rocket flight is based. See also Hero of Alexandria HISTORY OF ROCKETRY BACK TO TOP var site="s13space1234"

100. Plato Plato did not expect the plan to succeed but because both Dion and archytas ofTarentum believed in the plan then Plato agreed. http://www.crystalinks.com/plato.html

Plato - (about 427-347 B.C.) Plato is probably one of the greatest philosophers of all times, if not the greatest. Plato was born to an aristocratic family in Athens. His father, Ariston, was believed to have descended from the early kings of Athens. Perictione, his mother, was distantly related to the 6th-century B.C. lawmaker Solon. When Plato was a child, his father died, and his mother married Pyrilampes, who was an associate of the statesman Pericles. Plato's original name was Aristocles, but in his school days he received the nickname Platon (meaning "broad" ) because of his broad shoulders. It was mostly in Pyrilampes' house that Plato was brought up. Aristotle writes that when Plato was a young man he studied under Cratylus who was a student of Heracleitus, famed for his cosmology which is based on fire being the basic material of the universe. It almost certain that Plato became friends with Socrates when he was young, for Plato's mother's brother Charmides was a close friend of Socrates. The Peloponnesian War was fought between Athens and Sparta between 431 BC and 404 BC.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 5     81-100 of 103    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20