61. Alhazen alhazen Abu Ali alHasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also Ibn al Haythen), (965-1040), Works by alhazen on geometrical subjects were found in the Biblioth¨que http://www.cooldictionary.com/words/Alhazen.wikipedia

Alhazen Hear it pronounced 'Alhazen' in Wikipedia This article on 'Alhazen' ... crosslinked , or Back to: Webster Dictionary with PRONUNCIATION and Sound! where you can learn English and educate yourself Practice English, talk to a funny artificial intelligence robot hear its voice (hilarious). Wikimedia needs your help in its 21-day fund drive. See our fundraising page Over $125,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Alhazen Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haythen ), was an Iranian Arab mathematician ; he is sometimes called al-Basri , after his birthplace. He was born at Basra , then part of Buwayhid Persia , now part of Iraq (See ), and probably died in Cairo Egypt . There is another Alhazen who translated Ptolemy 's Almagest in the 10th century. One version of his career has him summoned to Egypt by the mercurial caliph Hakim to regulate the flooding of the Nile . After his field work made him aware of the impracticability of his scheme, and fearing the caliph's anger, he feigned madness . He was kept under house arrest until Hakim's death in . During this time he wrote scores of important mathematical treatises. Alhazen was a pioneer in optics engineering and astronomy . According to Giambattista della Porta , he first explained the apparent increase in the size of the moon and sun near the horizon, although Roger Bacon gives the credit of this discovery to Ptolemy . He taught that vision does not result from the emission of rays from the eye, and wrote on the

62. Physics *Alhazen Alhazen (c. 965 AD - C. 1039; Iraq) Alhazen Is alhazen is regarded as being one of the greatest Islamic scientists during Although he was born in Iraq, alhazen moved to Egypt between 996 and 1021and http://www.upei.ca/~xliu/multi-culture/alha.htm

Physics Alhazen Alhazen (c. 965 A.D. - c. 1039; Iraq) Alhazen is regarded as being one of the greatest Islamic scientists during the medieval period and has been credited as being the first person to give an accurate description of how humans see. Although he was born in Iraq, Alhazen moved to Egypt between 996 and 1021and remained there until his death in 1039. Alhazen's greatest contribution to the field of physics was his work entitled, Optics, in which Alhazen took Euclid's and Ptolemy's doctrines on visual rays and replaced them with his own belief that vision was the result of light coming from an object and moving into the eye. Alhazen thought that rays reached the surface of the eye perpendicularly and the combined effects from the perpendicular rays formed the image of the object.This hypothesis was based on Alhazen's theory that all objects reflected light in every direction. All of the observations and experiments used in his work related to the camera obscura, perception, visual illusions, reflection and refraction and were heavily based upon mathematics. In regard to his work on refraction, Alhazen wrote in his book that refraction explained twilight. Alhazen stated that twilight was due to the refraction of the sun's rays in the earth's atmosphere. During his work on Optics, which was translated into Latin in 1270, Alhazen developed a problem which involved curved mirrors and reflected light. Alhazen was able to solve this problem, which bears his name, for spherical mirrors through the method of intersecting a circle and hyperbola.

63. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - Alhazen Born in Iraq as Abu Ali Hasan Ibn alHaitham, the great Arab physicist is moreoften known by the Latinized version of his first name, alhazen. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/alhazen.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home Alhazen Born in Iraq as Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham, the great Arab physicist is more often known by the Latinized version of his first name, Alhazen. Although he was to eventually become a profound intellectual specializing in mathematics and optics, Alhazen's early education was geared towards religion and prepared him for a career as a minister. However, apparently unhappy in his religious pursuits, Alhazen later decided to devote himself to the study of science and became particularly intrigued by Aristotle. Many details of Alhazen's life have been lost over time and the stories that remain are often contradictory depending on the historian relating them. Nevertheless, it is generally held that Alhazen went to Egypt at some point in his life with a scheme to control the waters of the Nile. Invited to engineer the plan by al-Hakim, who was to become known as the Mad Caliph, Alhazen realized the impossibility of the feat. However, although he failed, al-Hakim rewarded him with an official government post, a gift that was not to be envied. As al-Hakim's behavior became increasingly erratic, Alhazen is believed to have feared for his life, feigning madness in order to be relieved of his position. Consequently, he was largely confined to his house until al-Hakim's death in 1021. Such a situation provided him with large amounts of free time with which he could conduct experiments and write, but he may have also been busy copying manuscripts in order to support himself.

64. ALHAZEN (965-1040 AD) ABU ALI HASAN IBN ALHAITHAM (alhazen) (965 - 1040 AD). Al-Haitham, known in theWest as alhazen, is considered as the father of modern optics. http://www.geog.ucsb.edu/~jeff/115a/history/alhazen.html

ABU ALI HASAN IBN AL-HAITHAM (ALHAZEN) (965 - 1040 AD) Al-Haitham, known in the West as Alhazen, is considered as the father of modern optics. Ibn al-Haitham was born in 965 C.E. in Basrah (present Iraq), and received his education in Basrah and Baghdad. He traveled to Egypt and Spain. He spent most of his life in Spain, where conducted research in optics, mathematics, physics, medicine and development of scientific methods. Al-Haitham conducted experiments on the propagation of light and colors, optic illusions and reflections. He examined the refraction of light rays through transparent medium (air, water) and documented the laws of refraction. He also carried out the first experiments on the dispersion of light into colors. In detailing his experiment with spherical segments (glass vessels filled with water), he came very close to discovering the theory of magnifying lenses which was developed in Italy three centuries later. It took another three centuries before the law of sines was proposed by Snell and Descartes. His book Kitab-al-Manazir was translated into Latin in the Middle Ages, as also his book dealing with the colors of sunset. He dealt at length with the theory of various physical phenomena such as the rainbow, shadows, eclipses, and speculated on the physical nature of light. Roger Bacon (thirteenth century), Pole Witelo (Vitellio) and all Medieval Western writers on Optics base their optical work primarily on Al-Haitham's 'Opticae Thesaurus.' His work also influenced Leonardo da Vinci and Johann Kepler. His approach to optics generated fresh ideas and resulted in great progress in experimental methods.

65. PHYS1330 History alhazen also thought that afterimages, the images that remain in vision A camera obscura is a box with a small hole like alhazen s windowed room. http://www.physics.utoledo.edu/~lsa/_color/03_history.htm

Akhnaten and Family Offering to Aten Egyptian Museum, Cairo The visual world through history Reference: Zajonc, Arthur, 1993 Catching the Light (New York: Oxford Univ Press) Ancient Egypt and Greece Vision is active: the eye physically acquires object information. Egypt (1300 BC): The Vision of God In the picture above, Akhnaten is making a offering to the Sun God Aten. If you look carefully, you will see little hands at the ends of the rays coming out from Aten, the Sun. The egyptians thought that light was the way Aten found out about the goings on in the world. In essence, light is God's vision . The idea that the Sun emits rays is not immediately obvious. Even cast shadows do not necessarily imply rays. In fact, the ancients thought shadows were an opposition of light; light and dark were equal and opposite dualities. The Egyptians probably got the idea from observing the ray pattern one sometimes sees when the Sun is behind scattered clouds. Empedocles (450 BC) and Plato (350 BC): A fire in the eye The ancient Greeks thought that there was some form of fire inside the eye. This fire shines out much like sunlight shines out from the Sun, but it is too weak for us to see. The fire reaches out, touches, and brings back essences of objects to the observer. They probably got the idea from noticing the tiny bright glints of reflection one sees on the wet surface of the pupil of the eye. Plato, by the way, also understood that what we see is only a shadow of reality. He was the first great philosopher to grasp this fundamental concept of postmodernism.

66. Archives - The IEE  Known in the West as alhazen, he is considered the father of modern optics . Iranian by birth, alhazen received his education in both Basra and Baghdad http://www.iee.org/TheIEE/Research/Archives/Histories&Biographies/Alhazen.cfm

@import "/styles/dropdown.css"; Login or Register Shop Help A-Z ... Home Search: The IEE About the IEE Membership Business Partners ... Contacts Archives Alhazen (c.965-1039) Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham was one of the most eminent of all physicists, whose contributions to sciences, in particularly optics, were outstanding.  Known in the West as Alhazen, he is considered the 'father of modern optics'. Iranian by birth, Alhazen received his education in both Basra and Baghdad, before travelling to Egypt, where on commission to Caliph al-Hakim, then ruler of Egypt, he attempted to find a way of controlling the flooding of the Nile River. He reasoned that constructing a dam would enable water to be stored for irrigation in the dry season, and would prevent flooding at other times. However, upon arriving at the proposed site, Alhazen realised that he had insufficient money and materials to successfully complete the project. Wishing to escape the wrath of Caliph he feigned madness, a pretence he maintained until Caliph's death 12 years later. By this time, Alhazen was living and pursuing science in Spain. There he conducted examinations of optics, mathematics, physics, medicine as well as doing much to develop scientific method. His many works, the most distinguished was Kitab-al-Manadhir. Translated into Latin in 1270, 'Opticae Thesaurus' was the first real contribution to the science of optics in the first millennium and had a great influence on both Bacon and Kepler. Of particular note the six volume work contains the first serious study of lenses, a disproof of Ptolemy's law of refraction, research into reflections from spherical and parabolic mirrors and the first accurate description of the anatomy of the human eye.  He also studied the phenomena of eclipses, shadows, and rainbows and the role of the dispersion light in the determination of colours.

67. Archives - The IEE By this time, alhazen was living and pursuing science in Spain. From thisalhazen deduced that vision was the product of light being reflected into the http://www.iee.org/TheIEE/Research/Archives/Histories&Biographies/Alhazen.cfm?Pr

68. Article About "Alhazen" In The English Wikipedia On 24-Jul-2004 He is to be distinguished from another alhazen who translated Ptolemy s Almagestin the 10th century. Having boasted that he could construct a machine for http://july.fixedreference.org/en/20040724/wikipedia/Alhazen

The Alhazen reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Jul-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference : snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org) Alhazen Alhazen (Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham) ) was an Arabian mathematician ; he is sometimes called al-Basri, after his birthplace. He was born at Basra and died at Cairo . He is to be distinguished from another Alhazen who translated Ptolemy 's Almagest in the 10th century. Having boasted that he could construct a machine for regulating the flooding of the Nile , he was summoned to Egypt by the caliph Hakim; but, aware of the impracticability of his scheme, and fearing the caliph's anger, he feigned madness until Hakim's death in 1021. Ibn al-Haitham was nevertheless a diligent and successful student, being the first great discoverer in optics after the time of Ptolemy . According to Giovanni Battista della Porta, he first explained the apparent increase of heavenly bodies near the horizon, although Bacon gives the credit of this discovery to Ptolemy. He taught, previous to the Polish physicist Witelo, that vision does not result from the emission of rays from the eye, and wrote also on the refraction of light, especially on atmospheric refraction, showing, e.g. the cause of morning and evening twilight. He solved the problem of finding the point in a convex mirror at which a ray coming from one given point shall be reflected to another given point. His treatise on optics was translated into Latin by Witelo (1270), and afterwards published by F. Risner in 1572, with the title

69. Alhazen Translate this page Ibn al HAYTHAM al Hassan (alhazen), arabe, 965-1039 Connu en Occident sousle nom de alhazen (issu de son prénom arabe), il fut au Moyen Âge un des http://serge.mehl.free.fr/chrono/Alhazen.html

Ibn al HAYTHAM al Hassan (Alhazen), arabe, 965-1039 Descartes et Huygens . Connu en Occident sous le nom de Alhazen et Euclide . Il obtient, par exhaustion Étudiant le Sacherri Al Haytham croit pouvoir prouver, sans Ces travaux inspireront cependant Al Khayyam et At Tusi Axiome de Pasch : ci-dessus, le barrage d'Assouan (3,6 km de long, 110 m de hauteur) et la centrale électrique (40 milliards de Mégawatts) et ci-dessous, le temple d'Abou Simbel reconstruit en amont du barrage (1963) pharaonique LES MATHEMATIQUES ARABES HISTOIRE DE PROBLEMES, HISTOIRE DES MATHEMATIQUES , Commission Inter-I.R.E.M. - Ed. Ellipses - 1993 Abu al Wafa Al-Biruni

70. IDENTIKIT alhazen crater, 35 km diameter. 2000 mt height walls, 18°N 70°E. Eastern sideof Crisium sea. Return to identikit A http://www.rccr.cremona.it/monografie/luna/idkt11.htm

IDENTIKIT Name: Size: Coordinates: Image ALHAZEN crater 35 km diameter 2000 mt height walls 18°N - 70°E Eastern side of Crisium sea >> Return to identikit "A" <<

71. PPE - General Encyclopedia A2 Also wrote biographies of selfmade statesmen like Abraham Lincoln, theBackwoods Boy (1883). alhazen (c965-1038) Ibn al-Haitham. Perhaps a Persian. http://www.embassy.org.nz/encycl/a2encyc.htm

72. Entrez PubMed The first three books of the Book of Optics written by alhazen in Cairo in theeleventh century were http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9

73. Entrez PubMed The deeper lesson of alhazen. Gilchrist A. Publication Types Biography EditorialHistorical Article MeSH Terms Egypt Germany History of Medicine, Medieval http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9

74. Alhazen - Wikipedia Translate this page alhazen konnte zeigen, dass Lichtstrahlen unabhängig vom menschlichen Auge Von praktischer Bedeutung waren von alhazen hergestellte Lesesteine aus Glas. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhazen

Wikimedia braucht Ihre Hilfe Helfen Sie uns, 200.000$ zu sammeln, damit Wikipedia und ihre Schwesterprojekte auch weiterhin kostenlos und werbefrei der Allgemeinheit zur Verf¼gung stehen. Weitere Informationen auf unserer Spenden-Seite Alhazen aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklop¤die Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham , latinisiert Alhazen , (* um in Basra Persien in Kairo ), war ein bedeutender arabischer Mathematiker Optiker und Astronom. Obwohl er es am Hof Al-Hakims bis zum Amt eines Wesirs brachte, t¤uschte er Wahnsinn vor, um seine Beamtenlaufbahn zu beenden und sich der Wissenschaft zu widmen. In seinen zahlreichen mathematischen Werken besch¤ftigte er sich mit Problemen der Geometrie. Von gr¶Ÿter Bedeutung sind auch seine optischen Experimente. Alhazen konnte zeigen, dass Lichtstrahlen unabh¤ngig vom menschlichen Auge existieren. Bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt nahm man an, dass so genannte Sehstrahlen, die vom menschlichen Auge ausgehen sollten, die Umgebung abtasteten. Von praktischer Bedeutung waren von Alhazen hergestellte Lesesteine aus Glas . Damit gilt er als Erfinder der Lupe Ausgehend von seinen Erkenntnissen auf dem Gebiet der Optik, entdeckte Alhazen, dass das

75. 141.14.236.86/cgi-bin/archim/dict/hw?lemma=ALHAZEN Articles alhazenWorks by alhazen on geometrical subjects were found in the Biblioth¨que nationalein Paris in alhazen used the results of experiments to test theories. http://141.14.236.86/cgi-bin/archim/dict/hw?lemma=ALHAZEN&step=entry&id=d006

76. AlHazen Et La Tablette Merveilleuse (Mawas, 1981) Translate this page L’exposé de la vie de alhazen (EL HASSAN IBN EL HAYTHAM) a été relatée par alhazen n’a peut-être pas été le premier à avoir pensé que la lumière http://orthoptie.net/histoire/mawas.htm

ALHAZEN ET LA TABLETTE MERVEILLEUSE EL HASSAN IBN EL HAYTHAM Notre propos est de nous limiter à l'histoire d’une de ses découvertes : " Les tablettes", citée par Emile JAVAL en 1896 (Manuel du Strabisme, MASSON Edit. 1896. page 25) (figure 1) Figure 1 : La tablette de AlHazen (Figuré dans le Manuel du Strabisme de Javal) "il a le mauvais œil ". Cette théorie, étayée sur des arguments que nous appellerions à tort de type "scolastique’’ , est défendue dans les "Dix articles sur l'œil" de HUNEIN IBN ISHAC traduit par Max MEYERHOF, et merveilleusement édité au Caire en 1927 (texte arabe et traduction en regard) ALHAZEN n’a peut-être pas été le premier à avoir pensé que la lumière pénétrait dans l’œil puisque certains éclectiques grecs enseignaient que le rayon émis revenait vers l’œil en rapportant l’image. Seul EPICURE a nié l'existence des rayons émis par l' œil. Les objets émettent des silhouettes ou images de façon continue que 1'œil reçoit. Par contre, ALHAZEN est bien le premier à avoir appliqué les lois de l’optique qu'il avait étudiées à l’organe oculaire, considéré lui-même comme un instrument d’optique. En latin, cela donnait : " Omnis visio fit refracto".

77. Alhazen - Linix Encyclopedia alhazen Wikipédia - alhazen http://web.linix.ca/pedia/index.php/Alhazen

Alhazen Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haythen ), was an Arab mathematician ; he is sometimes called al-Basri , after his birthplace. He was born at Basra , then part of Buwayhid Persia , now part of Iraq (See http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Haytham.html http://www.answers.com/topic/alhazen ), and probably died in Cairo Egypt . There is another Alhazen who translated Ptolemy 's Almagest in the 10th century. One version of his career has him summoned to Egypt by the mercurial caliph Hakim to regulate the flooding of the Nile . After his field work made him aware of the impracticability of his scheme, and fearing the caliph's anger, he feigned madness . He was kept under house arrest until Hakim's death in . During this time he wrote scores of important mathematical treatises. Alhazen was a pioneer in optics engineering and astronomy . According to Giambattista della Porta , he first explained the apparent increase in the size of the moon and sun near the horizon, although Roger Bacon gives the credit of this discovery to Ptolemy . He taught that vision does not result from the emission of rays from the eye, and wrote on the

78. El HAITHAMI (ALHAZEN) El HAITHAMI (alhazen) 965 1040. Nga DR. A. Zahur (Zahoor). Ebu Ali Hasan IbnEl Haitham, i njohur ne perendim me emrin alhazen, konsiderohet si babai i http://www.geocities.com/alcislam/dijetare/el_haithami.html

El HAITHAMI (ALHAZEN) Nga DR. A. Zahur (Zahoor) Ebu Ali Hasan Ibn El Haitham, i njohur në perëndim me emrin Alhazen, konsiderohet si babai i optikës moderne. El - Haithan ishte një nga shkencëtarët më të shquar të kohës dhe kontributet e tij në optikë dhe në metodat shkencore janë të pakrahasueshme. Ka lindur më 965 në Basra (Iraku i sotëm) ku dhe i mori mësimet e para. Ai studioi gjthashtu edhe në Bagdad si dhe udhëtoi në Egjypt dhe Spanjë. Pjesën më të madhe të jetës së tij e kaloi në Spanjë ku dhe bëri hulumtime në optikë, matematikë, fizikë, mjekësi si dhe në zhvillimin e metodave shkencore. El-Haithami bëri eksperimente në përhapjen e dritës si dhe ngjyrat, iluzionet optike dhe refleksionin. Ekzaminoi thyerjen e rrezeve të dritës përmes mjetit transparent (ajrit dhe ujit) dhe zbuloi kështu ligjet e thyerjes së dritës. Gjithashtu ai bëri eksperimentet e para në shpërndarjen e dritës në ngjyrat e saj përbërëse. Në detajimin e eksperimentit të tij me segmentet sferike (enë qelqi të mbushtura me ujë), iu afrua shumë zbulimit të teorisë së lenteve zmadhuese e cila u zbulua 3 shekuj më pas në Itali. Ligji i sinusit do të merrte edhe tre shekuj të tjerë për t`u propozuar nga Snell dhe Dekart. Libri i tij "Kitab el-Manazir" i cili është përkthyer në Latinisht në epokën e mesjetës ka të bëjë me ngjyrat e muzgut. Gjerësisht trajton teoritë e fenomeneve të ndryshme fizike si : ylberi, hijet, eklipset, dhe spekulon rreth natyrës fizike të dritës. Roxher Bakon (shekulli 13), Polo Vitelio si dhe studjuesit e tjerë perëndimor të kohës së mesjetës që u morën me studimin e optikës, kryesisht u bazuan në "Opticae Thesaurous" të El-Haithamit. Vepra e tij gjithashtu influencoi Leonardo Da Vinçin dhe Johan Kepler.

79. L'ottica Di Leonardo Tra Alhazen E Keplero - Vinci alhazen e keplero. dal 15-Jul-05al 25-Sep-05 LEONARDO E L’OTTICA A VINCI http://www.bed-and-breakfast.it/evento.cfm?idevents=15408&idregione=16

80. WDR 2 - Der Sender. - Westzeit - Stichtag - 965: Geburtsjahr Des Arabischen Gele Translate this page 965 Geburtsjahr des arabischen Gelehrten alhazen. Über die arabische Wissenschaftim Mittelalter weiß man wenig, obwohl sie die Basis für die westliche http://www.wdr.de/radio/wdr2/westzeit/stichtag/220243.phtml

Hauptnavigation wdr.de Fernsehen Radio Programm ... Unternehmen Dienstag, 30.08.2005 Suche im gesamten WDR Web Suchbegriff: Mehr Informationen: wdr2.de Rubriken Startseite Information Service Verkehr ... Archiv Inhalt Morgenmagazin Westzeit Über Westzeit Kontakt ... Serien STICHTAG 965: Geburtsjahr des arabischen Gelehrten Alhazen Autor: Wolfgang Burgmer In der Westzeit Montags bis Samstags um 9.40 Uhr. Wiederholung in Zwischen Rhein und Weser Montags bis Freitags um 17.40 Uhr. Weitere Informationen zum Stichtag finden Sie auf www.WDR.de . Das Stichtag-Archiv Vorschau Impressum Seitenanfang Seite drucken versenden URL: http://www.wdr.de/radio/wdr2/westzeit/stichtag/220243.phtml Schnell-Navigation P L A Y L I S T S E N D U N G E N Berichte von heute ... Weltweit

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