21. :::: What's It Like Where You Live? :::: MBGnet Home Rainforest Tundra Taiga Desert Temperate Deciduous Forest Grassland Rivers and Streams Ponds and Lakes wetlands Shorelines http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/wetlands/index.htm

22. DEQ Wetlands Protection Redirect Department of Environmental Quality wetlands Protection. http://www.michigan.gov/deqwetlands

23. Wetlands Nonpoint Source Management wetlands and Riparian areas wetlands Restoration Program (now the N.C. Ecosystem Enhancement Program) http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/wetlands.html

search: home wetlands Navigation Links Administration, Commissions and Sections Applications and Forms Aquifers, Groundwater and Wells Drinking Water ... Wetlands Wetlands 401 Water Quality Certification Common Wetland Plants of N.C. Division of Coastal Management Wetlands Program General Certifications ... Wetlands Restoration Program (now the N.C. Ecosystem Enhancement Program) top of page 512 N. Salisbury St. Raleigh, NC 27604 E-mail Us DWQ DENR NCGOV

24. Kenai Lowland Wetland Mapping And Classification Home Page A Geomorphic and Plant Community classification of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska wetlands for use in GIS. Includes an ecosystem and plant community key linked to http://www.kenaiwetlands.net/

Wetland Mapping and Classification of the Kenai Lowland, Alaska Mike Gracz Karyn Noyes Phil North Gerald Tande 05 May 2007 Introduction Wetlands are not always obvious. Wetlands present unique construction challenges. Septic systems, basements, foundations and roads are expensive to construct correctly on wetlands, even without considering effects on water movement and quality, neighbors, and habitat. However, if these other effects are not considered, the cost of future repairs becomes expensive. Many US towns and cities would jump at the opportunity to turn the clock back to where we are, and do things right, from the start. Despite population growth on the Kenai Peninsula, most lowland wetlands are relatively pristine. Few watersheds have greater than about 5% impervious surface cover (roofs, roads, lawns and parking lots), the threshold that caused impairment to stream habitat, and chemistry in an Anchorage study ( Ourso and Franzel, 2003 ). The Kenai Peninsula continues to change however, and nearly 10,000 privately owned, vacant parcels of less than ten acres are located on wetlands (figure 1). With increased human activity impacts to wetlands are inevitable. Twenty percent of the wetlands within the City of Homer have already been filled. Maintenance of valuable wetland functions requires careful management in order to avoid the mistakes that have required costly correction elsewhere. Because wetlands do provide valuable functions that are expensive to fix if ignored, activities on wetlands are regulated under the Clean Water Act. Intuitively, we may think that wetlands are areas where standing water is present year-round. But, generally speaking, any spot where the water table is within a foot of the surface for more than about two weeks of the growing season falls under the jurisdiction of the Army Corps of Engineers and their wetland permitting authority under the Clean Water Act. This means that sites with big trees can still be classified as wetlands. Some landowners have found this out the hard way- they were ready to build, then discovered that soil needed to be hauled away and fill brought in because, although the area did not appear to be wet, excavation revealed otherwise. Those hauling costs have stopped or slowed more than one project. Because wetlands are not always obvious, a map was needed.

25. Minnesota Board Of Water And Soil Resources / Wetland Regulation The Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources, a state agency, assists local governments to manage and conserve their irreplaceable water and soil http://www.bwsr.state.mn.us/wetlands/publications/wetlandregulation2.html

Home Wetlands Easements Water Management ... Publications / Reports Local Government Units and Partner Agencies Wetland Regulation in Minnesota What is a wetland? When most people think of wetlands, they think of swampy, marshy areas complete with ducks and cattails. While those areas are indeed wetlands, many other wetlands look quite different and may even have no surface water for all or part of the year. Some wetlands support trees and shrubs; some are farmed. Technically, a wetland must meet three criteria: It must have mostly hydric soils; It must have standing water or saturated soil for at least part of the growing season; and It must support mostly vegetation adapted to wet soil conditions Why are wetlands important? Wetlands were once considered wasted space, a hindrance to urban development and crop production. In Minnesota, an estimated 11 million acres of wetlands have been drained or filled over the last hundred years, leaving about 10 million acres. While this represents a 50 percent loss statewide, some areas of Minnesota have lost more than 90 percent of their original wetlands. Wetlands reduce flooding by slowing excess water runoff during times of heavy rainfall.

26. Eco-Pros Wetlands Key elements which define wetlands, types of wetlands and their important functions. Reasons for decline of wetlands, and wetlands recovery programs. http://www.eco-pros.com/wetlands.htm

Eco-Pros Environmental Education on the Web W E T L A N D S WETLANDS TYPES OF WETLANDS WETLANDS FUNCTIONS ... WETLANDS RESOURCES Migratory birds like this Canada Goose fly hundreds of miles each spring and fall. They travel south for the winter, and north again where they will spend the summer. On these long migrations, they need to stop along the way to rest and feed. They also need water to survive. This goose is getting a bit upset. Can you tell why? It's because the habitat on the land below isn't the proper kind of habitat that wildlife need for survival. The goose needs to find a wetland. Click on this frog, and let's go look for a wetland together. Or see links below to all pages in Wetlands section. Mouse over images on the website to see messages - if you see a hand, click on it. WETLANDS TYPES OF WETLANDS WETLANDS FUNCTIONS ... About You ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Learn it! Love it! Live it! SUMMARIZED SITE INDEX EDUCATION Feed your brain The Right Stuff!

27. Join The Petaluma Wetlands Alliance What are wetlands? In the simplest terms, wetlands are transitional zones between uplands and large bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, or oceans, http://www.petalumawetlandspark.org/HTML/Wetlands.html

What are Wetlands? What are wetlands? In the simplest terms, wetlands are transitional zones between uplands and large bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, or oceans, where water tends to stand for prolonged periods of time. The main types of wetlands are swamps, marshes, and bogs which are best recognized by the their dominant plants: trees and shrubs, grasses or sedges, and mosses, respectively. The Petaluma area contains marshes, which are either fresh water or salt water in character. We also have seasonal ponds, which contain rainwater in the wet season but tend to dry up during the summer. The central pond in Shollenberger Park is a seasonal pond while the side channels (where the cattails are) are a classic fresh water marsh. The main pond is somewhat brackish since it gets recharged with river water once every few years during the river dredging. The Petaluma River is actually a brackish tidal slough which connects to San Francisco Bay and supports along its edges brackish tidal marshes, or tidal wetlands. Since all these wetlands are covered with water much or all of the year, the soil under them is saturated with water, lacking in oxygen, and as such supports a unique group of plants called hydrophytes, which can live happily with their roots submerged in water. Our fresh water marshes abound with cattails and bulrush, while our salt-water marshes contain cordgrass, pickleweed, and salt grass. Lesser-known hydrophytes are also present.

28. Your Wetlands.org - Home wetlands can therefore be regarded as factories in the landscape that mass produce both organic matter and oxygen to support surrounding ecosystems. http://www.yourwetlands.org/

About the Project Wetland Tours Podcasts E-News Signup ... Contact us with questions or comments From Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation Wetlands… "are some of the most productive ecosystems on Earth; they rival both rain forest and cultivated land. But unlike agricultural fields, this primary production occurs with no fossil fuel inputs in the form of petrol and fertilizer, no tending by humans, no artificial irrigation and no heavy machinery. Wetlands can therefore be regarded as factories in the landscape that mass produce both organic matter and oxygen to support surrounding ecosystems. Draining wetlands may therefore be compared to systematically smashing the factories that support life on earth."

29. Wetlands Our goal is to preserve natural and open areas of the Meadowlands, to restore degraded wetlands, and to improve the water quality of the Hackensack River http://www.meadowlands.state.nj.us/natural_resources/wetlands/Wetlands.cfm

30. Welcome To The New York State Wetlands Forum, Inc. As in any area of endeavor, wetland science has developed its own particular vernacular. This is the first in a series of articles that will focus on some http://www.wetlandsforum.org/wetlands/wetword1.htm

Home Contact Membership Calendar ... Vegetation Wetland Words and What They Mean: Hydrology Published in The Forum, Volume 4 Number 1, Winter 1997 As in any area of endeavor, wetland science has developed its own particular vernacular. This is the first in a series of articles that will focus on some of the most commonly used terms in the wetland field, what they mean, and how they fit into wetland science. Much wetland lingo developed from efforts to describe and define wetland boundaries for regulatory purposes. Under most regulatory programs, wetlands are defined by their vegetative, soil, and hydrological characteristics. Obviously, delineating wetland boundaries is predestined to be a difficult ask. Delineation requires that a boundary, described by regulatory standards, be placed around a type of ecosystem which, by its nature, is transitional between a deep water aquatic ecosystem and a drier upland ecosystem. The delineation process is complicated by evolving knowledge about wetlands, how they are formed and how they work. In addition, various wetland regulatory programs set different criteria to define wetlands. Regardless of these differences and difficulties, there is a foundation of knowledge about wetlands that is commonly used in the wetland community. This article will explore the area of hydrology, specifically wetland hydrology and how it is related to wetland definition.

31. Wetlands Of Watsonville The City of Watsonville is working to preserve and enhance its 800 acres of wetlands, one of the largest remaining freshwater marshes on the central coast http://wetlandsofwatsonville.org/

x Additional Wetlands Resources The City of Watsonville is working to preserve and enhance its 800 acres of wetlands, one of the largest remaining freshwater marshes on the central coast of California. Fifty thousand Watsonville residents and hundreds of wildlife species share this beautiful and unique environment, accessible in our own neighborhoods. x Nature Center Learn about wetland creatures, local cultural history, and wetland protection. Wetland Trails Walk, jog, bicycle on 4 miles of trails with 23 trail entrances in local neighborhoods. Virtual field trip See the "efield trip" your children are taking on their computers at school. Education Field trips and other activities are available for Watsonville school children. Wildlife Discover fun facts about our wetland plants and animals. Slough Enhancement Watsonville Slough Watershed Resource Planning Project Patrick J Fitz Center Progress report on the Wetlands Educational Resource Center Restoration Join community groups in restoring and caring for native plants.

32. EE Activities - Wetlands wetlands are areas that interface between land and water. The term wetland is applied to marshes, swamps, bogs and other vegetated areas found in http://eelink.net/pages/EE Activities - Wetlands

EE Activities - Wetlands EE-Link Home Member Login Contact Us About Us ... Earth Day More EE Activities Endangered Species Flowing Waters Geography Groundwater ... Interactive Projects Yet More EE Activities Marine Multicultural Perspectives Population ... Schoolyard Ecology Yet More EE Activities Soils Solid Waste Superlative Sites Sustainable Development ... Professional Resources Higher Education Undergrad Programs Grad Programs Green Campus Activities Other Activities Teacher Education Teacher Education Distance Ed - Teachers Distance Ed - General EE Research Capacity Building Capacity Building Structure Programs Diversity ... Perspectives Mailing Lists Mailing Lists Other Mailing Lists Organizations General ... Organizations by Topic Area Air - Forestry Arts Based Associations Consumption Endangered Species Geography - Rainforest Geography Government Sites Marine Multicultural ... Rainforest Schoolyard - Wildlife Schoolyard Ecology Solid Waste Sustainable Development Water ... Flowing Waters Groundwater - Schoolyard Ecology Groundwater Marine Multicultural Population ... Schoolyard Ecology Soils - Wildlife Soils Solid Waste Sustainable Development Urban & Built Environments"> Urban & Built Environments

33. Great Lakes Wetlands/Great Lakes Wetlands Issues The Great Lakes basin is home to millions of acres of wetlands, unique ecosystems that provide critical habitat for plants and animals as well as playing an http://www.greatlakesdirectory.org/wetlands/wetlands.htm

Great Lakes Wetlands 2006 Wetlands Articles: Note: These are only our "Wetland Issues" related headlines, to see all of our daily headlines, go to our home page Environmentalists Urge Spitzer to Make Oceans and Coasts a Priority Elections boost environmental agenda Michigan wetlands case will test Clean Water Act ... State supports feds in Rapanos case 2005 Headlines Great Lakes' healing mechanisms under attack Rare wetland raises restoration hopes Grant will help restore Grand River watershed Lesson from New Orleans: We neglect marshes at our own risk ... Official: Few replacement wetlands meet state standards 2004 Wetlands Articles Editorial: Preserving the Great Lakes Money's there, but seller isn't for island preservation Great Lakes blueprint Citing wetlands, Sierra Club tries to stop highway project ... Erie MetroParks land to be freshwater marsh 2003 Wetlands Articles Across the nation, some relief for wetlands

34. Loss Of Wetlands In The Southwestern United States The following is abstracted primarily from the U.S. Geological Survey WaterSupply Paper 2425, National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, 1996. http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/hydrology/wetlands/

Loss of Wetlands in the Southwestern United States Roberta H. Yuhas U.S. Geological Survey The following is abstracted primarily from the U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2425, National Water Summary on Wetland Resources , 1996. The reader is urged to refer to the full paper for more detailed information. Click on any graphic to view a larger version What are Wetlands? Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season. Wetlands have numerous definitions and classifications in the U.S. as a result of their diversity, the need for their inventory, and the regulation of their uses. They also vary widely because of regional and local differences in soils, topography, climate, hydrology, water chemistry, vegetation, and other factors, such as human disturbance. The variety of common names for wetlandsmarshes, swamps, potholes, bogs, fens, and pocosinsattest to the diversity of wetland types. Indeed, wetlands are found on every continent except Antarctica and fall into two general categories: coastal (tidal); and inland (non-tidal) (Tiner, 1996; and Carter, 1996). Coastal wetlands are closely linked with estuaries, where sea water and fresh water mix. Because of the salt water and the fluctuating water levels caused by the tides, this is a difficult environment for most plants. However, mangrove swamps are examples of species that have adapted to tropical, saltwater environments.

35. USGS National Wetlands Research Center: About Wetlands wetlands are transitional areas, sandwiched between permanently flooded deepwater environments and welldrained uplands. They include mangroves, marshes http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wetlands.htm

USGS Home Contact USGS Search USGS National Wetlands Research Center About NWRC NWRC Library Publications Staff ... Site Index About Wetlands What Are Wetlands and Aquatic Habitats? Wetlands are transitional areas, sandwiched between permanently flooded deepwater environments and well-drained uplands. They include mangroves, marshes (salt, brackish, intermediate, and fresh), swamps, forested wetlands, bogs, wet prairies, prairie potholes, and vernal pools. They often contain more plants and animals and produce more organic material than either the adjacent water or land areas. Aquatic habitats include permanently flooded parts of estuaries and nearshore environments like seagrass beds, rivers, ponds, and lakes. Aquatic habitats are also critical to fish and wildlife as well as economically and recreationally valuable to humans. Why Are Wetlands and Aquatic Habitats Important? What's Happening to Wetlands and Aquatic Habitats? But wetlands have come under natural and human threats (from subsiding or sinking land to draining or filling for new development). Scientists estimate that the lower 48 United States have lost more than half of their wetlands since colonial times. Coastal wetlands especially have been seriously threatened. For example, Louisiana alone has 40 percent of the coastal wetlands in the lower 48 States and is still losing from 25 to 35 square miles a year of wetlands to open water because of erosion and subsidence.

36. Wetlands Main > Sierra Club Main Page for the Sierra Club s wetlands Campaign. http://www.sierraclub.org/wetlands/

Our Conservation Initiatives 1. Smart Energy Solutions Global Warming 3. America's Wild Legacy International Issues More Programs Select a Place Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Environmental Update Main Clean Water Main ... News Environmental news, green living tips, and ways to take action: Subscribe to the Sierra Club Insider America's wetlands provide something for everyone. Wetlands protect us all in many ways they filter pollutants from our drinking water, protect our homes by storing floodwater, and provide homes for fish, shellfish, and wildlife. Wetlands are crucial for clean water, serving as a natural filter absorbing water-borne pollutants and damaging contaminants before the water enters our rivers, lakes, and streams. Despite the fact that wetlands are of unique value to our society, a 1997 survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service reports that roughly 58,500 acres of wetlands are being destroyed annually. Sierra Club is fighting for the restoration and protection of wetlands all across America, for our families and for our future.

37. Huntington Beach California Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve Wetlands Photos And I When entering the Bolsa Chica wetlands in Huntington Beach, Getting to the Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve wetlands area traveling from the North, http://www.stockteam.com/wetlands.html

Huntington Beach Site HB Maps Calendar -Events ... Photo Gallery Beaches Bolsa Chica SB Dog beach HB City Beach HB State Beach ... Wetlands Places to stay Huntington Beach Hotels Homes for Sale Bolsa Chica Wetlands "Wetlands of International Importance" in accordance with the Ramsar Convention Size: 300 acres with 1.5 mile trail Restrictions: No dogs, bicycles or horses Huntington Beach - Bordered on one side by Pacific Coast Highway and oil fields and houses on the other, Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve wetlands is a 300 acre coastal sanctuary for wildlife and migratory birds. There's a wooden bridge crossing over a tidal inlet and a 1.5 mile loop trail providing spectacular wildlife viewing. Over 8,000 years ago, Native American Indians lived on bluffs overlooking these wetlands Much has changed since then. In the more recent past, Southern California once counted 53,000 acres of wetland areas. It is down to 13,000 acres now. Progress and growth has taken its toll to the tune of a 91% loss of wetlands in California, more than any other state. Many migratory birds are dependent on the remaining wetlands, with 20% of North America's migratory birds using the Pacific Flyway. Birds wintering in California's wetlands have declined from 60 million to 2 million, largely because of destruction of this habitat.

38. Virginia DEQ Kids: Wetlands Quiz History During colonial times, more than 200 million acres of wetlands covered our nation. Fewer than half of that acreage remains today and many acres http://www.deq.state.va.us/kids/quiz/wetlands.html

? Error reading resource from path "/kids/quiz/wetlands.html_pageCss". ? Skip to Content Online Services Commonwealth Sites Help ... Governor Search Virginia.gov: Virginia DEQ kids :: kids/quiz/Virginia DEQ Kids: Wetlands Quiz Main Menu Programs Public information Programs Webmaster Figure it Out Wetlands Study Guide Use this information to help you on the quiz below. History: During colonial times, more than 200 million acres of wetlands covered our nation. Fewer than half of that acreage remains today and many acres continue to be converted to farmland or development. Many people still believe that wetlands are "wastelands," areas that needed to be "filled in" to become more useful. Value: Learning about wetlands helps us understand their value and they do have quite a lot of value! Wetlands provide the wintering, nesting and staging habitat for many species of wildlife. Wetlands recycle critical nutrients, help prevent erosion, reduce flood and storm damages as well as provide food and protection to fish and other aquatic life. In addition they help filter impurities providing water quality control as water flows from the land into bodies of water. They also support hunting and fishing activities, both recreational and commercial. Types of Wetlands: Wetlands are the marshes, swamps, bogs, and other areas that exist between open water and dry land. There are two broad categories of wetlands - coastal and inland. Coastal wetlands are affected by tides and provide important nursery habitats for many kinds of fishes and birds. They may be either saltwater or freshwater. Two saltwater wetlands are salt marshes and mangrove swamps.

39. Wetlands Conservancy Founded in 1981, TWC promotes community and private partnerships to permanently conserve Oregon’s greatest wetlands. Working throughout the state, http://www.wetlandsconservancy.org/about_twc.html

Home News About TWC About Wetlands ... Contact Us About TWC Who We Are TWC has identified the 140 most biologically important wetlands in Oregon for long-term conservation and protection. TWC recognizes that the long-term health and sustainability of these great wetlands depend fundamentally on the actions of private landowners and local Our Mission The mission of The Wetlands Conservancy is to conserve, protect, and restore the physical and ecological values of wetlands, other aquatic systems and related uplands. We accomplish our goals through education, research, acquisition, and promotion of private and public stewardship. What We Do The Wetlands Conservancy: Promoting Conservation, Collaboration, and Stewardship Seeking to acquire lands identified by the Oregon's Greatest Wetlands. Insuring ongoing stewardship and management of all lands to which TWC holds an ownership interest. TWC will collaborate with other non-profits to: Design and implement post-acquisition monitoring of the conservation assumptions that led to purchase. TWC will collaborate with landowners to assist and support efforts to preserve and manage properties identified by Oregon's Greatest Wetlands.

40. Wetlands In Virginia According to the state summary of the National Water Summary on Wetland Resources (U.S. Geological Survey WaterSupply Paper 2425) http://www.virginiaplaces.org/natural/wetlands.html

Wetlands in Virginia According to the state summary of the National Water Summary on Wetland Resources (U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2425): Virginia has about 1 million acres of wetlands; one-quarter are tidal and three-quarters are nontidal. Forested wetlands (swamps) are the most common wetlands in the State. Both shores of the Chesapeake Bay have extensive estuarine wetlands. Conversion to nonwetland uses (agricultural, urban, industrial, and recreational), channelization and ditching, and other causes have resulted in the loss of about 42 percent of Virginia's wetlands since the 1780's. Development in wetlands is regulated in part by means of the Virginia Water Protection Permit. Local governments may adopt prescribed zoning ordinances and form citizen wetland boards to regulate their own tidal wetlands; the State retains an oversight and appellate role. Source: National Wetlands Inventory of the US Fish and Wildlife Service Virginia still has 144 named swamps , but has lost over 40% of its wetlands since the 1780's. The "lost" acres have been converted into upland (filled in with dirt and other materials) or open water (through dredging or erosion). As described by the Environmental Protection Agency in their

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