21. Radon The potential hazard of radiation exposures to radon gas and its daughter products from natural background has been highlighted in the press and has become http://www.physics.isu.edu/radinf/radon.htm

RADON UPDATE FACTS CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAL RADON (LEVELS, MITIGATION STRATEGIES, DOSIMETRY, EFFECTS, GUIDELINES) PREPARED BY THE SNM COMMITTEE ON RADIOBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION Members of the Committee who participated actively in writing and editing this report include: A.B. Brill, Comm. Chairman, with significant contributions by Committee members, D. V. Becker, D.R. Brill, K. Donohue, B. Greenspan, S. Goldsmith, H. Royal, E. Silverstein, and E. Webster. K. Kase, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center provided valuable advice and assistance in the preparationIt of the document. EDITORS NOTES: Permission was granted by Dr. A.B. Brill for use of this article at this WWW site. It has been reproduced from its publication in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 35, No. 2; Feb 1994 and material submitted by the author. This article may not be reprinted without the author's permission. The article has been form modified for WWW publication. For correspondence or reprints contact: A.B Brill, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA 01655. Numbers in parenthesis point to the list of referenced sources at the end of the paper. This document is best viewed with a web browser that can read tables and superscripts. Numbers shown as " 3x10

22. Bureau Of Radiation Protection--Radon Division DEP Finds Elevated radon Levels in Radiumcontaminated Lock Haven Building; Will Advise Business Owner, Tenants of Remediation Options (January 7, 2008) http://www.dep.state.pa.us/brp/Radon_Division/Radon_Homepage.htm

Site Navigation Quick Access Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Radiation Protection Keyword Search "Find It Fast" Radon Division Radon Information for the General Public Becoming Certified to Perform Radon-Related Services Radon Publications Other Radon Websites Radon Division General Radon Information Radon Public Awareness Outreach Program The Pennsylvania Radon Story DEP Public Participation Center Pennsylvania Radon Program Radon Homepage January is Radon Action Month in Pennsylvania House Resolution 513 proclaims January 2008 as "Radon Action Month" in Pennsylvania DEP Finds Elevated Radon Levels in Radium-contaminated Lock Haven Building; Will Advise Business Owner, Tenants of Remediation Options (January 7, 2008) Site previously housed business that used radium luminous paint for aircraft dials Radon Training for Real Estate Professionals in Pennsylvania 7 Hour Elective CE units for Real Estate Agents and Apprasiers Sponsored by the Eastern Radon Training Center, Rutgers University and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Registration Fee - $25 (lunch provided) Click here for workshop registration details 2008 National Radon Poster Contest Open to all children aged 9 to 14 Winners receive an all-expense paid trip to Washington, DC, for an awards ceremony

23. WHO | Radon Exposure to radon in the home and workplace is one of the main risks of ionizing radiation causing tens of thousands of deaths from lung cancer each year http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/env/radon/en/

Language options Search All WHO This site only Main navigation Home About WHO Countries Health topics ... Calendar of events Ionizing radiation WHO Programmes and projects Ionizing radiation Ionizing Radiation in our Environment Main content printable version Radon Table of contents: The International Radon Project (IRP) The International Radon Project (IRP) cont. Additional Information on Radon Radon in drinking water The International Radon Project (IRP) WHO INITIATIVE TO REDUCE LUNG CANCER RISK AROUND THE WORLD Exposure to radon in the home and workplace is one of the main risks of ionizing radiation causing tens of thousands of deaths from lung cancer each year globally. In order to reduce this burden it is important that national authorities have methods and tools based on solid scientific evidence and sound public health policy. The public needs to be aware of radon risks and the means to reduce and prevent these. In 1996 WHO published a report containing several conclusions and recommendations covering the scientific understanding of radon risk and the need for countries to take action in the areas of risk management and risk communication. Recent findings from case-control studies on lung cancer and exposure to radon in homes completed in many countries allow for substantial improvement in risk estimates and for further consolidation of knowledge by pooling data from these studies. The consistency of the findings from the latest pooled analyses of case-control studies from Europe and North America as well as China provides a strong argument for an international initiative to reduce indoor radon risks.

24. Radon Boats -- Quality Sportfishing And Diving Boats For over 30 years, radon has been the benchmark by which all commercial diving, fishing and hard core sport boats are measured. http://www.radonboats.com/

F or over 40 years, Radon has been the benchmark by which all commercial diving, fishing and hard core sport boats are measured. From Alaska to Mexico and throughout the Hawaiian Islands, Radon boats have proven themselves to be the boat of choice for serious fishing and diving. D.R. Radon Boat Building, Inc, headed up by president and founder Don Radon, builds a limited number of custom boats each year. The newly designed Signature Series features 22, 26 and 29foot models with an emphasis on features most desired by sport boat buyers. Completely redesigned in the 1990s, the Radon Signature Series meld state of the art construction techniques with time-tested boat building principles. Because Radon boats are sold factory direct, there is no middleman. Because Radon boats are custom made, you get exactly the boat you want! The new Signature Series offers all the features of a sport boat, and the bullet-proof construction that has made the Radon name legendary. All at a price you can afford. Breaking News!

25. What Is Radon? radon is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. It is formed as natural deposits of uranium throughout the earth’s crust decay. http://www.state.sd.us/DENR/DES/AirQuality/radon1.htm

All of these words As a phrase Any of these words Natural Language As a Boolean query Site index Protecting South Dakota's Tomorrow ...Today AQ Program~ Staff AQ News Public Notices Rapid City ... AQ Links SD DENR Joe Foss Building 523 E. Capitol Pierre, SD 57501 RADON Take the Radon Test! Click here What is Radon South Dakota Levels (map) United States Levels (map) ... For More Information on Radon and related Internet Links Staff Barb Regynski - E-mail , Environmental Program Scientist What is Radon The amount of radon in a building is dependent upon several factors. These factors include the geology, a driving force, pathways into the building, and the ventilation rate. As the concentration of uranium is in the underlying soil increases, so does the strength of the radon. Radon is transported to buildings more easily through permeable soils. Buildings can create pressure differentials that will draw in the soil gases. Radon can enter the building through many paths such as cracks in the foundation, utility penetrations, sumps, and floor drains. The ventilation rate of the building affects the final radon concentration. EPA has made the recommendation of no long-term radon exposures above 4 pico couries/liter (pCi/L). This action level was based on both health and economics. The only way to tell if a building has elevated levels of radon is to have it tested. Test kits are inexpensive and easy to use.

26. Radon It is essentially inert and occupies the last place in the zero group of gases in the Periodic Table. Since 1923, it has been called radon. http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/86.html

Atomic Number: Atomic Radius: Atomic Symbol: Rn Melting Point: -71 ºC Atomic Weight: Boiling Point: -61.7 ºC Electron Configuration: [Xe]6s Oxidation States: History (From radium ; called niton at first, L. nitens : shining) The element was discovered in 1900 by Dorn, who called it radium emanation . In 1908 Ramsay and Gray, who named it niton, isolated the element and determined its density, finding it to be the heaviest known gas. It is essentially inert and occupies the last place in the zero group of gases in the Periodic Table. Since 1923, it has been called radon. Isotopes Twenty isotopes are known. Radon-22, from radium, has a half-life of 3.823 days and is an alpha emitter; Radon-220, emanating naturally from thorium and called thoron, has a half-life of 55.6 s and is also an alpha emitter. Radon-219 emanates from actinium and is called actinon. It has a half-life of 3.96 s and is also an alpha emitter. It is estimated that every square mile of soil to a depth of 6 inches contains about 1 g of radium, which releases radon in tiny amounts into the atmosphere. Radon is present in some spring waters, such as those at Hot Springs, Arkansas. Properties On the average, one part of radon is present at 1 x 10

27. DEQ Radon Redirect Department of Environmental Quality The Michigan Indoor radon Program is a non-regulatory program. It s purpose is to increase awareness of the health http://www.michigan.gov/deqradon

28. OSH Answers: Radon In Buildings What is radon? What are the health effects of radon? What do uranium and radon have in common? http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/radon.html

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Contact Us Help Canada Site Web Info Service ... Shop Radon in Buildings What is radon? What are the health effects of radon? What do uranium and radon have in common? What are the units of measuring radon levels? ... What are exposure limits in some other countries? OSH Answers Feedback Printer Friendly Layout Inquiries Service The Inquiries Service at CCOHS answers questions on the health or safety concerns people have about the work they do. More on Inquiries Service Printer Friendly Layout Physical Agents Radon in Buildings What is radon? Radon is an invisible, odourless, radioactive gas. It is formed by the disintegration of radium, which is a decay product of uranium. Radon emits alpha particles and produces several solid radioactive products called radon daughters. Some amounts of radon gas and radon daughters are present everywhere in the soil, water, and air. Particularly high radon levels occur in regions where the soil or rock is rich in uranium. Radon is emitted by radium in the ground, groundwater and building materials. It can enter the indoor air where it and its decay products accumulate in poorly ventilated areas. Harmful levels of radon and radon daughters can accumulate in confined air spaces, such as basements and crawl spaces. Radon daughters are inhaled with air and deposit in the lungs. The lung absorbs alpha particles emitted by the radon daughters. The resulting radiation dose increases the risk of lung cancer.

29. IEMA Division Of Nuclear Safety The Illinois Emergency Management Agency radon program staff informs Illinois citizens about the risks associated with radon and how to reduce radon levels http://www.state.il.us/iema/radon/radon.htm

Rod R. Blagojevich, Governor IEMA Links IEMA Director Velasquez IEMA's History Accomplishments Division of Nuclear Safety ... News Search Illinois [Search Tips] Quick Nav: Division of Nuclear Safety Mammography Med. Tech Login Med. Tech Directory Radon Tier 2 Reporting Training Calendar 2007 IEMA Conference IEMA Home Radon The Illinois Emergency Management Agency Radon program staff informs Illinois citizens about the risks associated with radon and how to reduce radon levels in their homes. The Agency also licenses and regulates the individuals who provide radon measurement and mitigation to the public. This section contains details about radon, county-specific radon information, lists of measurement and mitigation licensees, information for radon license applicants and license holders, and various radon publications. For simple answers to your Radon questions check out Take Action on Radon Website (a University of Illinois extension service) Radon Links What is Radon? Radon in YOUR County List of Licensed Mitigation Professionals List of Licensed Measurement Professionals ... Radon Links Looking for a low cost Radon Test Kit Radon Contacts For radon information by telephone call (800) 325-1245 (Information Line) or to speak to an IEMA Radon Program staff member call (217) 782-1325.

30. Radon Infomation on radon general properties, states, energies, appearance and characteristics. http://www.chemicool.com/elements/radon.html

Periodic Table Forum Chemistry Dictionary Chemistry Tools ... Link to Us Radon element facts Search by name or symbol: Rn Radon General States Energies Reactions ... Abundance General: Name: Radon Symbol: Rn Group: Noble Gas Atomic weight: Density @ 293 K: 0.00973 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 50.5 cm3/mol Group: Noble Gas discovered: States: state (s, l, g): g melting point: 202.2 K boiling point: 211 K Heat of fusion: 2.890 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 16.40 kJ/mol Energies: 1st ionization energy: 1037 kJ/mole electronegativity: 2nd ionization energy: kJ/mole electron affinity: kJ/mole 3rd ionization energy: kJ/mole Specific heat: 0.09 J/gK heat atomization: kJ/mole atoms Shells: electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 minimum oxidation number: maximum oxidation number: min. common oxidation no.: max. common oxidation no.: structure: color: colorless uses: earthquake prediction toxicity: hardness: mohs characteristics: Radioactive,air pollutant Reactions: reaction with air: none reaction with 6M HCl: none reaction with 6M HCl: none reaction with 15M HNO3: none reaction with 6M NaOH: none Other Forms: number of isotopes: hydride(s): oxide(s): chloride(s): Radius: ionic radius (2- ion): pm ionic radius (1- ion): pm atomic radius: pm ionic radius (1+ ion): pm ionic radius (2+ ion): pm ionic radius (3+ ion): pm Conductivity: thermal conductivity: J/m-sec-deg electrical conductivity: 1/mohm-cm polarizability: 5.3 A^3

31. Radon Project Of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory And Uses information about location of home, and house construction, to suggest whether or not to test for radon. http://www.stat.columbia.edu/radon/

32. Wyoming Department Of Health General Info on radon Project. Approximately onethird of all homes in Wyoming have radon levels above EPA’s action level of 4.0 pCi/L (picocuries per http://wdh.state.wy.us/radon/index.asp

Wyoming.gov Citizen Business Government ... Visitor Page Size Normal Medium Large WDH Home ... Preventive Health and Safety Division Radon Program Mitigators and Testers of Radon Radon Fact Sheet Radon Coupon Radon Project ... Useful Information for Teachers and Students Contact Us: Steve Melia 6101 Yellowstone Rd., Suite 510 Cheyenne WY Fax: Email Us WYOMING RADON PROJECT Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is odorless, colorless and tasteless. It comes from the natural decay of uranium, which is found in the soil throughout Wyoming. Radon enters homes and buildings from the soil beneath through cracks and other openings in the foundation. Exposure to radon increases your risk of developing lung cancer. Approximately 21,000+ lung cancer deaths each year are attributable to radon. Radon is the second-leading cause of lung cancer in the United Elevated Levels " refer to those tests at or above 4.0 pCi/L. However, homes/buildings, etc testing below 4.0 pCi/L MIGHT still present a health hazard to the occupants. There is no safe level of radon.

33. Wisconsin Radon Program radon is a naturally occurring, odorless radioactive gas that causes lung cancer. Between five and ten percent of the homes in Wisconsin have radon levels http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/dph_beh/radonprot/

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search Radiation Links: Environmental Monitoring Radon Mammography Tanning ... Radiation Protection Publications: Notice to Employees Occupational Exposure Record Radon Information for Wisconsin Radon is a naturally occurring, odorless radioactive gas that causes lung cancer. Between five and ten percent of the homes in Wisconsin have radon levels above the US EPA guideline of 4 pCi/L for the year average on the main floor. Every region of Wisconsin has some homes with elevated radon levels. The only way to know the radon level in a house is to measure it. You can get Radon test kits in hardware stores or from local health agencies (see information centers, below) for around $20. Radon can be controlled in any house. Lung Cancer and Radon Interpreting Measurements Actions to Reduce Radon Geological Factors of Indoor Radon in Wisconsin ... Radon Resistant Construction Certified Radon Measurement and Mitigation contractors Radon in Water Links Regional Radon Information Centers 1. Waukesha

34. National Radon Safety Board Providing independent certification, approval and accreditation for radon testers, mitigators, measurement devices, calibration chambers and radon http://www.nrsb.org/

Welcome to the National Radon Safety Board Official Web Site Home FAQ Overview Application ... Contact What is the NRSB? The NRSB seeks to encourage the highest standards of practice and integrity in radon services through the development of independent standards and procedures for certifying, approving and accrediting radon testers, mitigators, measurement devices, chambers and laboratories. It is an independent, nonprofit organization modeled on the American Board of Health Physics and is governed by a Certification Panel representing different facets of the radon industry, home inspectors, state governments, and consumer interests. NRSB Summer 2007 Newsletter NRSB Web Site Index: NRSB Overview NRSB Structure NRSB Policy on Instrument Calibration Application for Certification Free Web Page! Proficiency Test Applications: Proficiency Test Application through Bowser Morner Proficiency Test Application through TCS Industries Listings: Radon Measurement Professionals Radon ... Laboratories Devices: Listings Methods Application for Device Evaluation Radon Chambers: Listing About Chamber Accreditation Secondary Chamber Application Tertiary Chamber Application Approved Radon Training Courses: Education Requirements Exam Guidance - Radon Measurement Specialist Exam Guidance - Radon Measurement Technician Course Curriculum Radon Measurement Specialist ... Application for Instructor Approval State and Federal Program Information: State Certification Programs Accepting NRSB Exam STATE: Radon offices.

35. Ohio Radon Information Systems Web Site Ohio radon Information Systems Web Site is one of the most exhaustive web sites on radon. It has information on various radonrelated topics such as health http://radon.utoledo.edu/

Information on radon Other sources of information Preventive measures Health risks ... Geology of radon var sc_project=1604323; var sc_invisible=0; var sc_partition=15; var sc_security="8d415f60"; For more information, contact: Ohio Department of Health Radon Hotline 1-800-523-4439. This web site is designed, constructed and maintained by Ashok Kumar,Ph.D, and Andrew G. Heydinger, Ph.D., of the Department of Civil Engineering, and James A. Harrell, Ph.D., of the Department of Geology at the University of Toledo. For comments and suggestions about this site, send e-mail to: Ashok Kumar, Ph.D. akumar@utnet.utoledo.edu The information provided on this page has been obtained from the best possible and most reliable sources, however, the Ohio Department of Health, the developers, and the University of Toledo do not assume any legal liability for the use of the information. Web Masters: Charanya Varadarajan Abhilash Vijayan

36. It's Elemental - The Element Radon The Element radon Basic Physical and Historical Information. http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele086.html

Privacy and Security Notice Science Education Previous Element Table of Elements Next Element Rn Radon Radon Atomic Number: Atomic Weight: Melting Point: Boiling Point: Density: 0.00973 grams per cubic centimeter Phase at Room Temperature: Gas Element Classification: Non-metal Radioactive Period Number: Group Number: Group Name: Noble Gas What's in a name? Named for the element Radium. Say what? Radon is pronounced as RAY-don History and Uses: Radon was discovered by Friedrich Ernst Dorn, a German chemist, in 1900 while studying radium 's decay chain. Originally named niton after the Latin word for shining, nitens, radon has been known as radon since 1923. Today, radon is still primarily obtained through the decay of radium. At normal room temperatures, radon is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas. The most common forms of radon decay through alpha decay . Alpha decay usually isn't considered to be a great radiological hazard since the alpha particles produced by the decay are easily stopped. However, since radon is a gas, it is easily inhaled and living tissue is directly exposed to the radiation. Although it has a relatively short half-life , radon decays into longer lived, solid, radioactive elements which can collect on dust particles and be inhaled as well. For these reasons, there is some concern as to the amount of radon present within homes. Radon seeps into houses as a result of the decay of radium

37. Radiological Health / Radon radon is a gas that comes from the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water. It occurs naturally in the earth, but can become a problem when it builds http://www.health.state.ny.us/environmental/radiological/radon/

skip to main content New York State Department of Health Information for a Healthy New York Home Contact Help A-Z Index Search Search this site: Site Contents Health Insurance Programs Employment Opportunities Forms Grants/Funding Opportunities ... Related Sites You are Here: Home Page Health and Safety in the Home, Workplace and Outdoors Radiological Health / Radon Radiological Health / Radon Radon Radon is a gas that comes from the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock and water. It occurs naturally in the earth, but can become a problem when it builds up indoors. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer. The radon program provides information on health risks from radon, testing for radon and mitigation of elevated levels of radon. Low cost test kits are available for citizens of New York State. Radiation Producing Equipment (X-ray machine) Registration Ionizing radiation (x-ray) producing equipment used in the healing arts or in educational institutions must be registered with the appropriate agency. X-ray facilities operating in New York City must register with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Office of Radiological Health (ORH). Registration information can be obtained from ORH by calling 212-676-1580. X-ray facilities operating outside of New York City must register with the New York State Department of Health's Bureau of Environmental Radiation Protection (BERP). Registration information can be obtained from BERP by calling 518-402-7570. The owner/operator of the x-ray equipment is solely responsible for the registration of their x-ray equipment.

38. National Radon Proficiency Program radon, gas, radon gas, radon mitigation, radon measurement, radon laboratories, NEHA, NRPP, radon proficiency, radioactivity, radiation, indoor air quality, http://www.neha-nrpp.org/

National Environmental Health Association National Radon Proficiency Program A nationally recognized certification program for radon professionals maintaining the highest level of ethics and quality Lists of Certified Individuals Measurement Mitigation Laboratories Checklist for Consumers ... DEVICE EVALUATIONS Information for Radon Professionals Device Performance Testing Application for Certification Measurement Certification Mitigation Certification ... New Applications Chambers Certified Performance Test Chambers Chamber Protocols Chamber Application Chamber Application Instructions Radon Training Entry Level Course Providers Continuing Education Courses Exam Results Other Radon Links ... Frequently Asked Questions for Radon Professionals About NEHA NRPP Errors and Omissions Insurance for NEHA-NRPP Certified Individuals Contact Information US Mail - NEHA NRPP Administrative Office P.O. Box 2109 Fletcher, NC 28732 FedEx, UPS or DHL Delivery - 313 Banner Farm Road Suite 1-B Horse Shoe, NC 28742 Phone: (800)269-4174 or (828)890-4117 Fax: E-Mail: angel@neha-nrpp.org

39. High-radon Web Page radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is produced by the radioactive decay of radium. Breathing high concentrations of radon can cause lung http://eetd.lbl.gov/IEP/high-radon/hr.html

E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory High-Radon Project Home Page Phillip N. Price, Anthony Nero, Kenneth Revzan, Michael Apte, Andrew Gelman, W. John Boscardin, and others. HOME FAQ MAPS RESEARCH What is radon, and why do we care about it? Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is produced by the radioactive decay of radium. Breathing high concentrations of radon can cause lung cancer Is it dangerous, and what can be done about it? For these answers, and more, visit the "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)" page. Should I test my house for radon? The Environmental Protection Agency says yes, everyone should test. But we, along with colleagues at Columbia University, have developed a web site that will help you decide whether to test , based on information about your home and your personal risk preferences. We suggest that you visit that site to get specific advice for your home. What did the LBNL high-radon project do? Predictions and maps Predicted distributions of long-term, living-area radon concentrations for nearly all counties in the U.S. Geology Quantified the extent to which different types of geologic information can be used to predict indoor radon concentrations.

40. Radon Control Program The RI radon Control Program is located in the Department of Health s Office of Occupational Health, Indoor Air Quality Program. http://www.health.ri.gov/environment/occupational/radon/index.php

Health Topics News Data Programs ... Site Map Program Activities What is Radon? Health Effects Testing Mitigation ... Radon Licensee Lists Office of Occupational and Radiological Health 3 Capitol Hill Room 206 Providence, RI 02908-5097 Alfred J. Cabral Radon Control Program Manager Fax (401) 222-2456 Radon Control Program The RI Radon Control Program is located in the Department of Health's Office of Occupational Health, Indoor Air Quality Program. The primary mission of the Radon Control Program is to protect the health of the Rhode Island public by preventing exposure to elevated concentrations of radon gas. The Rhode Island Radon Act Title 23-61 ) is designed to reduce the incidence of lung cancer due to radon/radon progeny exposure in Rhode Island to the greatest extent possible. To achieve this goal, the Act established a comprehensive Radon program in the Department of Health. The Radon Control Program staff is responsible for implementing the provisions of the Rhode Island Rules and Regulations for Radon Control R23-61-RC) which include: Requirements for measurement of radon in air levels in both public and high priority building (such as child care facilities and schools).

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