61. Radiocarbon Dating Services offered by the radiocarbon dating Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Canada. http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/c14/index_e.php

@import url(../_sys/css/base2.css); Natural Resources Canada www.nrcan.gc.ca Skip to content Skip to institutional links Common menu bar links Home Contact us Help Search ... Geological Survey of Canada Radiocarbon Dating Institutional links Site map Contact us Help Radiocarbon Dating Home Laboratory Age Calculations Quality Assurance International Quality Assurance Collaborative Study IAEA Radiocarbon Q/A Program TIRI ... Internal Crosschecks Publications RC Dates Date List Publications Special Projects Ambient Levels Comparisons Marine Reservoir Ages Geological Survey of Canada Geological Survey of Canada Radiocarbon Dating The Geological Survey of Canada Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory ceased operation at the end of 2005. This site will be maintained to provide reference information on the samples dated during the 45 years of operation of the GSC laboratory from 1960 to 2005. Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory at GSC As a National Laboratory, the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory (GSC) was used to insure the comparability of dates on a regional and national basis and to enhance the comparability of dated samples related to: deglaciation chronology;

62. Intute: Science, Engineering And Technology - Hot Topics - Radiocarbon Dating Hot topics for Intute sciences radiocarbon dating. This collection of information and resources relating to radiocarbon dating (the technique upon http://www.intute.ac.uk/sciences/hottopics/featured_13.html

Intute Home Contacts Help desk Site map ... Survey Quick links - Intute home Intute science, engineering and technology - A-Z of services - Articles and presentations - Contacts - Feedback / helpdesk - History - New resources - Search Intute Science, Engineering and Technology Hot topics > Radiocarbon dating Subject links About us A-Z of services Internet catalogue Search Browse New resources Suggest a site Internet training Virtual Training Suite Support materials Intute events Additional Services Blog E-journals search Hot topics MyIntute ... World guide Hot topic: Radiocarbon dating Each month a member of the Intute sciences team will choose a subject area of interest and provide links to key sites and resources for that topic. Hot topic: Radiocarbon dating Chosen by: Paul Meehan Radiocarbon Web Info This collection of information and resources relating to radiocarbon dating (the technique upon which chronologies of the late Pleistocene and Holocene have been built) was compiled by Tom Higham, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Waikato, New Zealand. The site includes: details of the method; measurement of residual C14 activity; applications; links to related sites; a tutorial for K 12 students; publication of radiocarbon dates; corrections for the activity of different carbon reservoirs; age calculations; calibration; pretreatment; and a bibliography. http://www.c14dating.com/

63. CAIS :: Programs And Applications : Radiocarbon Dating Two methods for radiocarbon dating are available at the CAIS LowLevel Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). http://www.uga.edu/cais/programs_applications/radiocarbon_apps/radiocarbon_datin

@import url("../../p7pm/p7pmh.css"); Programs and Applications Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Radiocarbon Applications Radiocarbon Dating ... Home Radiocarbon Dating The age of a carbon-containing material can be determined by measuring the C-14 (radiocarbon) activity in a sample relative to a known standard, and calculating the time since it was last living and in equilibrium with its carbon source. The age of a sample of wood, for example, can be determined by using C-14 activity to measure the time since it last acquired carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Two methods for radiocarbon dating are available at the CAIS: Low-Level Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Using LSC, the age of a sample is determined by measuring the amount of radioactive decay in the sample. Using AMS, the age is determined by directly counting the carbon atoms in the sample. The types of materials that can be age-dated using C-14 include wood, charcoal, bone, leather, shell, seeds, sediments and soils, water, pollen, hair, pottery, blood residues, textiles and fabrics, paper and parchment, antlers or horns, and insect remains.

64. Radiocarbon Dating The troubles of the radiocarbon dating method are undeniably deep and serious. Despite 35 years of technological refinement and better understanding, http://www.detectingdesign.com/carbon14.html

Carbon 14 Sean D. Pitman M.D. © June 2004 Table of Contents Introduction What is Carbon 14? Making Carbon 14 Loosing Carbon 14 ... Home Page Carbon 14 dating techniques were first developed by the American chemist, Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago in the 50's, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960. It has a radio half-life (T 1/2) of 5,730 years and is a low energy beta emitter with a radioactive range in air of ten inches. It is produced currently at a fairly constant rate in the upper atmosphere through the action of cosmic radiation on Nitrogen-14. About 21 pounds of Nitrogen is converted each year making about 1/trillion atmospheric carbon atoms radioactive C. The C then makes its way fairly evenly throughout the atmosphere and living things incorporate it into their carbon “skeletons”. When they die, they no longer obtain more C to incorporate, and so, the C decays back into N without being replaced. A ratio can then be established and compared with the known half-life of C.

65. Archaeologies Of The Greek Past: Radiocarbon Dating This analysis provides a radiocarbon age of the sample, which must then be calibrated in accordance with a radiocarbon dating calibration curve such as the http://proteus.brown.edu/greekpast/4781

Radiocarbon dating Archaeologies of the Greek Past Key Pages home schedule course members micro-projects ... Christopher Witmore Changes [Dec 27, 2007] Kouros Arune Gulati Radiocarbon dating Winckelmann, Johann... ... More Changes... Changes [Dec 27, 2007]: Kouros Arune Gulati Radiocarbon dating Winckelmann, Johann... ... MORE Find Pages Radiocarbon dating Calibration Curve Image Source: “Radiocarbon Dating”. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating Sources: Biers, William R. “The Archaeology of Greece”. Cornell University Press, Itha “Dating In Exposed and Surface Contexts”, ed.: Beck, Charlotte. University of New Mexico Press: Albuquerque, NM, 1994. Michels, Joseph. “Dating Methods in Archaeology”. Seminar Press, New York: NY, 1973 “Radiocarbon Dating”. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating Rob Treut Posted at Dec 22/2007 09:58AM: Kuy Yeon Lee : This is pretty cool. I was always curious about the carbon dating. Thanks for good info=) Edit this Page Attach File Add Image References ... Print Page last modified by Kuy Yeon Lee Sat Dec 22/2007 09:58 You must signin to post comments.

66. RADIOCARBON Home Page radiocarbon, an international journal of radiocarbon and other isotope dating. radiocarbon is the main international journal of record for research http://packrat.aml.arizona.edu/

Editor A. J. T. Jull Associate Editors J. Warren Beck George S. Burr Gregory W.L. Hodgins Managing Editor Mark McClure Mailing Address Radiocarbon 4717 E. Fort Lowell Rd. Tucson, AZ 85712-1201 Phone: +1 520-881-0857 Fax: +1 520-881-0554 Radiocarbon is the main international journal of record for research articles and date lists relevant to C and other radioisotopes and techniques used in archaeological, geophysical, oceanographic, and related dating. It is published 3 times a year. We also publish conference proceedings and monographs on topics related to our fields of interest. Click to access online issues IntCal04 supplemental data files 2009 International Radiocarbon Conference ( first announcement Current issue : Vol 49, nr 3 (2007) is available online Search : Announcements Material on the Radiocarbon Radiocarbon -related correspondence only. Unsolicited bulk commercial email to these addresses is not acceptable, and permission is not granted to include them in any for-profit list of email addresses automatically or manually harvested from WWW sites.

67. Carbon-14 Dating --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on carbon14 dating method of age determination that depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-14). http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9020245/carbon-14-dating

var britAdCategory = "other"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents carbon-14 dating Print this Table of Contents Linked Articles Carbon carbon cycle Willard F. Libby Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. carbon-14 dating Page 1 of 1 also called radiocarbon dating, method of age determination that depends upon the decay to nitrogen of radiocarbon (carbon-14). Carbon -14 is continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen-14 in the Earth's atmosphere; the neutrons required for this reaction are produced by cosmic rays interacting with the atmosphere. carbon-14 dating... (75 of 238 words) To read the full article, activate your FREE Trial Close Enable free complete viewings of Britannica premium articles when linked from your website or blog-post.

68. How Accurate Are Carbon-14 And Other Radioactive Dating Methods? - ChristianAnsw Discussion on the inaccuracies found using the Carbon14 dating method, and the various other radioactive dating methods. Plus evidence for a much younger http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c007.html

How accurate are Carbon-14 and other radioactive dating methods? See this page in: Hungarian Russian Spanish P eople who ask about carbon-14 ( C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of years—carbon dating can only give thousands of years. People wonder how millions of years could be squeezed into the biblical account of history. Clearly, such huge time periods cannot be fitted into the Bible without compromising what the Bible says about the goodness of God and the origin of sin, death and suffering —the reason Jesus came into the world (See Six Days? Honestly! Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said, “But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female” ( Mark 10:6 This only makes sense with a time-line beginning with the creation week thousands of years ago. It makes no sense at all if man appeared at the end of billions of years. We will deal with carbon dating first and then with the other dating methods. How the Carbon Clock Works Carbon has unique properties that are essential for life on earth. Familiar to us as the black substance in charred wood, as diamonds, and the graphite in “lead” pencils, carbon comes in several forms, or isotopes. One rare form has atoms that are 14 times as heavy as hydrogen atoms: carbon-14, or

69. Howstuffworks "How Carbon-14 Dating Works" Carbon14 dating is something that you hear about in the news all the time. Find out how carbon-14 dating works and why carbon-14 dating is so accurate! http://science.howstuffworks.com/carbon-14.htm

HowStuffWorks.com RSS Make HowStuffWorks your homepage Get Newsletter Search HowStuffWorks and the web: Science Earth Science Geology Geology is the study of the composition and physical properties of rocks, minerals, gems and other related earth materials, including diamonds and crystals. Related Categories: REFERENCE LINKS PRINT EMAIL How Carbon-14 Dating Works by Marshall Brain Inside This Article Introduction to How Carbon-14 Dating Works How Carbon-14 is Made Dating a Fossil Lots More Information See all ... articles You probably have seen or read news stories about fascinating ancient artifacts. At an archaeological dig, a piece of wooden tool is unearthed and the archaeologist finds it to be 5,000 years old. A child mummy is found high in the Andes and the archaeologist says the child lived more than 2,000 years ago. How do scientists know how old an object or human remains are? What methods do they use and how do these methods work? In this article, we will examine the methods by which scientists use radioactivity to determine the age of objects, most notably carbon-14 dating Carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain archeological artifacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is used in dating things such as bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers that were created in the relatively recent past by human activities.

70. Carbon 14 Dating - Worked Chemistry Problems Here s a worked example of the calculation for carbon 14 dating of organic material. http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/c14dating.htm

zGCID=" test0" zGCID=" test0 test4" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Education Chemistry Chemistry FAQs ... How Things Work FAQs Carbon 14 Dating - Worked Chemistry Problems Chemistry Education Chemistry Essentials ... Submit to Digg More Worked Problems Worked Chemistry Problem Index Recent Discussions metalic and nonmetalic ions Show how the following compounds can be GAS LAW Suggested Reading Carbon Facts Half Life Definition Isotope Definition Most Popular Periodic Table of the Elements Elementary Science Projects Middle School Science Projects High School Science Projects Carbon 14 Dating of Organic Material From Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Your Guide to Chemistry FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Worked Chemistry Problems Introduction In the 1950s W.F. Libby and others (University of Chicago) devised a method of estimating the age of organic material based on the decay rate of carbon-14. Carbon-14 dating can be used on objects ranging from a few hundred years old to 50,000 years old. Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere when neutrons from cosmic radiation react with nitrogen atoms: N + C + H Free carbon, including the carbon-14 produced in this reaction, can react to form carbon dioxide, a component of air. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, CO

71. Carbon Dating - News - Science - The New York Times News about carbon dating. Commentary and archival information about carbon dating from The New York Times. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/carbon_dating/index.html

@import url(http://graphics8.nytimes.com/css/topic/screen/200704/topic.css); Log In Register Now Home Page My Times ... Times Topics Science All NYT Thursday, January 24, 2008 Science World U.S. N.Y. / Region ... Topics > Carbon Dating E-MAIL Save Carbon Dating News about carbon dating, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. ARTICLES ABOUT CARBON DATING Newest First Oldest First Page: Trans-Pacific Chicken Polynesian chickens whose bones were discovered at a Chilean archaeological site may have made it to the New World about a century before any European explorer. June 9, 2007 MORE ON CARBON DATING AND: ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY EDITORIALS POULTRY DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) ... A Good Neanderthal Was Hard to Find By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD The question of what Neanderthals and Homo sapiens might have done on cold nights in their caves has intrigued scientists since the 19th century. February 26, 2006 MORE ON CARBON DATING AND: ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY NEANDERTHAL MAN DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) Improved Science Puts Modern Humans in Europe Earlier By JOHN NOBLE WILFORD Advances in radiocarbon dating threaten to upend old theories about when humans came to Europe and how rapidly they migrated from Africa.

72. Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1960 - Presentation Speech The carbon14 method has also been applied in oceanography, for example, for the dating of relatively recent sea sediments. It has made possible more and http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1960/press.html

Nobel Foundation Nobel Media Nobel Museum Nobel Peace Center ... Prize in Economics The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 Presentation Speech Presentation Speech by Professor A. Westgren, Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences this year has decided to award with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry a scientific feat which is less a direct improvement of our material living standards, but more a means of widening and deepening our knowledge in different scientific fields. Professor Willard Libby has been selected to be the prize-winner for his method of age determination of materials of biological origin by use of carbon-14 as a measurer of time. His method has obtained widespread use and has become indispensable in archaeology, geology, geophysics and other sciences. Fortunately, it is so simple - which is probably not always the case with chemical research distinguished with the Nobel Prize - that everyone should be able to understand the conditions and principles for its execution. Carbon-14 is a kind of carbon, an isotope of carbon with an atomic weight of 14, which is found in the carbon dioxide of the air. It is formed high up in the atmosphere by cosmic radiation coming from outer space. How that occurs, we can ignore. The newly formed carbon-14 has high energy at the moment of its formation, so that it rapidly oxidizes to carbon dioxide, which spreads out and distributes itself evenly in the atmosphere.

73. Carbon-14 Dating A chemistry tutorial on the use of Carbon14 dating suitable for high school students. http://www.ausetute.com.au/carbon14.html

Uses of Radioisotopes: Carbon-14 Dating Carbon has 3 isotopes, 2 of which are stable (carbon-12 and carbon-13) and one which is radioactive (carbon-14). Of these isotopes, the most common in nature is carbon-12. Production of Carbon-14 Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere by the interaction of neutrons produced by cosmic rays with the stable isotope of nitrogen, nitrogen-14: n N C H The carbon-14 atoms produced are then incorporated into carbon dioxide (CO ) molecules to produce CO molecules which mix with the most common CO molecules in the atmosphere. The CO enters plant tissue as a result of photosynthesis or absorption through the roots. C enters animal tissue when animals eat plants containing C. The amount of C produced in the atmosphere is balanced by the continual decay of C to produce N and a beta-particle C N e Radiocarbon dating When a plant or animal dies it stops taking in carbon-14 and radioactive decay begins to decrease the amount of carbon-14 in the tissues. The age of the plant or animal specimen containing carbon, such as wood, bones, plant remains, is determined by measuring the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, because of its relatively short half-life, carbon-14 can only be used to date specimens up to about 45,000 years old. After this the amount of carbon-14 present in the sample is too small to be measured precisely. Carbon-14 can not be used to measure the age of very young specimens as the difference between the amount of carbon-12 and carbon-14 will not be sufficient to be detected.

74. THE PROBLEMS WITH CARBON-14 DATING Carbon14 dating is an inaccurate method due to its reliance on faulty assumptions. http://contenderministries.org/evolution/carbon14.php

Home Apologetics Apologetics False Religions ... CSS based JavaScript menu / DHTML Drop Down Menu by OpenCube Web Contender Ministries APOLOGETICS Christian Apologetics A Course in Miracles Bahai Buddhism ... Wicca Our Ads are automatically placed based on the content of the page in which they appear. We do not have the option of choosing which ads appear on the site. This can result in the appearance of Ads we do not endorse and with which we seriously disagree. We filter these ads as we find them, but this takes time. Your patience is appreciated. BIBLE PROPHECY A Beginning of Global Governance - #1 in a series Prophetic Signs that we are in the End Times The Earth Charter's Spiritual Agenda - #2 in a Series The New Age Influence at the United Nations - #3 in a Series ... Contact Us THE PROBLEMS WITH CARBON-14 DATING Carbon-14 dating is the standard method used by scientists to determine the age of certain fossilized remains. As scientists will often claim something to be millions or billions of years old (ages that do not conform to the Biblical account of the age of the earth), Christians are often left wondering about the accuracy of the carbon-14 method. The truth is, carbon-14 dating (or radiocarbon dating, as it’s also called) is not a precise dating method in many cases, due to faulty assumptions and other limitations on this method.

75. Carbon Dating 2 Carbon dating How do scientists use this relatively rare radioactive isotope to determine how long ago an organic specimen died? Find out more. http://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/carbon-dating-2.htm

Carbon Dating - Tree Rings You are here: Archaeology Carbon Dating 2 (Read Carbon Dating Part 1 First Carbon Dating - Dendrochronology As we've already seen, in order for Carbon dating to work we need to know what the C-12 to C-14 ratio was at the time of a specimen's death. If the ratio has fluctuated throughout the unobservable past (and we can be sure that it has), how can we determine what the ratio was during the lifetime of a specimen that lived and died before we first began measuring the ratio? Unfortunately, this method of calibrating Carbon dating by using tree-ring dating is itself flawed. Dr Walt Brown explains, " links are established based on the judgment of a tree-ring specialist. Sometimes 'missing' rings are added. Standard statistical techniques could establish how well the dozen supposedly overlapping tree-ring sequences fit. However, tree ring specialists have refused to subject their judgments to these statistical tests and would not release their data so others can do these statistical tests" (Walt Brown, In the Beginning

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