1. Beginner's Guide To Propulsion Tutorial slides on basic propulsion concepts. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/bgp.html

+ Text Only Site + Non-Flash Version + Contact Glenn Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Propulsion What is propulsion? The word is derived from two Latin words: pro meaning before or forwards and pellere meaning to drive. Propulsion means to push forward or drive an object forward. A propulsion system is a machine that produces thrust to push an object forward. On airplanes, thrust is usually generated through some application of Newton's third law of action and reaction. A gas, or working fluid , is accelerated by the engine, and the reaction to this acceleration produces a force on the engine. A general derivation of the thrust equation shows that the amount of thrust generated depends on the mass flow through the engine and the exit velocity of the gas. Different propulsion systems generate thrust in slightly different ways. We will discuss four principal propulsion systems: the propeller,

2. Propulsion - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia propulsion may refer to. Look up propulsion in Vehicle propulsion. More specifically Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/propulsion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propulsion

Propulsion From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Propulsion may refer to: Look up propulsion in Wiktionary , the free dictionary. Vehicle propulsion More specifically Ground propulsion Marine propulsion Air propulsion Spacecraft propulsion This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propulsion Categories Disambiguation Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Sign in / create account Navigation Main Page Contents Featured content Current events ... Random article Interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia ... Help Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages ... Cite this page Languages Deutsch Eesti Fran§ais Italiano ... Portuguªs This page was last modified 10:04, 19 November 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License . (See for details.) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc

3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Jet propulsion Laboratory is the lead US center for robotic exploration of the solar system. JPL spacecraft have visited all known planets except Pluto http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/

4. Propulsion Laser propulsion concepts have been described for several decades. The laser beam is used to heat a propellant with the energetic expansion driving the http://www.islandone.org/Propulsion/

Propulsion Systems Engines and Launchers General References Earth-to-Orbit Transportation Bibliography Latest update of Andrew Nowicki's bibliography. Air Breathing Engines LACE Liquid Air Cycle Rocket Equation - Steven S. Pietrobon (19 Dec 1994) Liquid Air Cycle Rocket Equation - Henry Spencer Comment (24 Dec 1994) SCRAM SCRAM Rocket Equation - Steven S. Pietrobon (20 Dec 1994) Nuclear powered aircraft The Decay of the Atomic Powered Aircraft Program - Brian D. Bikowicz (12 Nov 1992) Convair NX2 Project . Line drawing of all nuclear version. Convair NX2 with turbojet boosters . Line drawing. Chemical Guns Gun Launch for Orbital Vehicles - Bruce Dunn (January 1995) . A discussion of Gerald Bull and his work on the HARP project. This was an attempt to develop launch systems based on the well known and developed technology of chemical explosive based artillery. Ion, Plasma, Arcjet JPL Work on Russian Thrusters - JPL Universe (16-Dec-94) . Discusses JPL's tests on the Russian SPT-100 and T-100 (Stationary Plasma Thrusters), and a TAL (Thruster with Anode Layer). The article also discusses NASA and Space Power Inc work on Ion engines. Laser Launch Systems The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Special Studies Program (within The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) of O Division) has examined alternative spacecraft propulsion concepts to meet performance or mission objectives. Laser propulsion concepts have been described for several decades. The laser beam is used to heat a propellant with the energetic expansion driving the craft. A series of ATP devised tests were conducted in which a laser beam was directed at a pusher plate with machined paraboloid dimples. Light was focused by each dimple on a spot behind the plate. The focused beam heated air pockets and the expanding pockets imparted a thrust to the plate. This *concept* provides respectable thrust in the atmosphere. In *space* (vacuum) the dimpled plate is jettisoned to expose a block of solid propellant which is ablated by the laser beam to produce thrust.

5. Propulsion - Homepage DIGITAL VISITS Site Meter update Friday, November 23, 2007 © propulsion 2008. http://www.propulsion.org/

var name = navigator.appName if(name == "Microsoft Internet Explorer") document.write(''); else document.write(''); ] L A N D [ ] A I R [ ] F I R E [ ] I C E [ ... ] L I N K S [ DIGITAL VISITS : update : Friday, November 23, 2007 © PROPULSION 2008

6. Basic Of Space Flight: Rocket Propulsion An overview of rocket propulsion including basic thrust equation, engine design considerations, and example problems. http://www.braeunig.us/space/propuls.htm

ROCKET PROPULSION Thrust Conservation of Momentum Specific Impulse Power Cycles ... Staging Isaac Newton stated in his third law of motion that "for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." It is upon this principle that a rocket operates. Propellants are combined in a combustion chamber where they chemically react to form hot gases which are then accelerated and ejected at high velocity through a nozzle, thereby imparting momentum to the engine. The thrust force of a rocket motor is the reaction experienced by the motor structure due to ejection of the high velocity matter. This is the same phenomenon which pushes a garden hose backward as water flows from the nozzle, or makes a gun recoil when fired. Thrust Thrust is the force that propels a rocket or spacecraft and is measured in pounds, kilograms or Newtons. Physically speaking, it is the result of pressure which is exerted on the wall of the combustion chamber. The figure to the right shows a combustion chamber with an opening, the nozzle, through which gas can escape. The pressure distribution within the chamber is asymmetric; that is, inside the chamber the pressure varies little, but near the nozzle it decreases somewhat. The force due to gas pressure on the bottom of the chamber is not compensated for from the outside. The resultant force F due to the internal and external pressure difference, the thrust, is opposite to the direction of the gas jet. It pushes the chamber upwards.

7. Air Force Research Laboratory - Propulsion Directorate The Air Force Research Laboratory s propulsion Directorate combines the propulsion research efforts of Edwards AFB (rocket propulsion) and WrightPatterson http://www.pr.afrl.af.mil/

8. AC Propulsion - Home Manufacturer of battery and propulsion systems for electric vehicles. http://www.acpropulsion.com/

AC Propulsion Home About Message from the President ... tzero NEW!! Electric Car Answers the "Call of the Grid" let us know how you like the site. We keep this section short and up-to-date, so feel free to check back for the latest news and information on the eBox and all our EV developments. Thanks for visiting. note: if you have problems viewing the drop-down menus with Internet Explorer, try enabling active content. search www search www.acpropulsion.com var sc_project=1629209; var sc_invisible=1; var sc_partition=15; var sc_security="f0afd61d";

9. NASA - JPL Home A halfcentury ago, the Jet propulsion Laboratory s Explorer 1 spacecraft became America?s first Earth-orbiting satellite when it sailed into space on Jan. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/jpl/home/index.html

The nasa.gov site requires that JavaScripts be enabled in your browser. For instructions, click here + Text Only Site + NASA Home + JPL Home preLoad('/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_home,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_about,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_business,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_education,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_events,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_missions,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_multimedia,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/jpl/nav_left_news'); The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission will return more data about the red planet than all other Mars missions combined. + More NASA Facts... + NASA Home > Centers JPL > Home Asteroid to Make Rare Close Flyby of Earth January 29 Scientists are monitoring the orbit of asteroid 2007 TU24. + Read More Antarctic Ice Loss Speeds up, Nearly Matches Greenland Loss Ice loss in Antarctica increased by 75 percent in the last 10 years due to a speed-up in the flow of its glaciers and is now nearly as great as that observed in Greenland, according to a new, comprehensive study by NASA and university scientists.

10. Propulsion Records Sterio McGrath Home News Releases Shop Artists Management Contact All Content Copyright 2007 propulsion Records TLRNM. http://www.propulsionrecords.com/

@import "/modules/book/book.css"; @import "/modules/node/node.css"; @import "/modules/system/defaults.css"; @import "/modules/system/system.css"; @import "/modules/user/user.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/cck/content.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/cck/fieldgroup.css"; @import "/themes/burnt/style.css"; News Left Deaf on Full Release Thursday, January 17, 2008 Left Deaf is now available on full release – please visit any of the major download stores including our friends at Beatport Read more Left Deaf Available Now Wednesday, January 9, 2008 Left Deaf is exclusively available right now through AudioJelly Read more Left Deaf out this week! Sunday, January 6, 2008 Jay Selway's massive tech-psy-trancer, Left Deaf, will be released this week through all the major download stores. Read more Latest Releases Left Deaf by Jay Selway Jay Selway’s, "Left Deaf," has been smashing dancefloors across the world and was recently played by Christopher Lawrence on Eddie Halliwell's BBC Radio One show. Named after the fact this super-talented producer is all but deaf in one ear, the track is a devastating concoction... Read more Turbomachinery by Nicholas Bennison Following on from his recent productions on Joof, Eve and Flux Delux, Turbomachinery is another of Nicholas' unique takes on progressive dance music. Elements of trance, progressive, psytrance and techno support a massive riff in this cage-rattling production.

11. ESA Science & Technology: Electric Spacecraft Propulsion Development of electrical propulsion systems has been stimulated by limitations in conventional chemical propulsion that derive from Newton s laws of http://hubble.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=34201

12. Orion Propulsion HMX LO2/LC3H8 20000lbf engine being tested on a horizontal test stand designed and fabricated by Orion propulsion. Orion’s staff supported testing. http://www.orionpropulsion.com/

About Us Mission Key Personnel Community Outreach ... Employment Opportunities HMX LO2/LC3H8 20,000-lbf engine being tested on a horizontal test stand designed and fabricated by Orion Propulsion. Orion’s staff supported testing. ANNOUNCEMENTS Orion Propulsion Announced as Boeing Team Member for the NASA Ares I Upper Stage Production Bid Boeing has announced their Industry Team for the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage Production bid. Orion Propulsion has been revealed as a team member and will supply reaction control system thruster test equipment, tooling, and test support services. Orion will also provide design, fabrication, and testing expertise. In addition, Orion will be working with Boeing's mentor-prot©g© program in order to grow as a supplier to both Boeing and NASA. READ MORE A WOMAN OWNED SMALL BUSINESS Whether you are searching for cost-effective propulsion solutions or a company to help you test your latest motor, Orion Propulsion is the perfect partner for your aerospace projects. We are a North Alabama aerospace company specializing in rocket propulsion design and fabrication, engine testing services, ground support equipment, and launch operations support. We design, test, and operate propulsion test facilities.

13. CPIAC CPIAC The Chemical propulsion Information Analysis Center. http://www.cpia.jhu.edu/

PROPULSION NEWS HEADLINES Ares I Program Seeks Shuttle Data (01-24-08) Ivanov says Russia must not turn into 'space cabman' (01-24-08) NASA is confident sensor troubles fixed (01-24-08) Entrepreneur Unveils New Tourist Spacecraft (01-23-08) ... Ion engine to propel spacecraft to Mercury (01-19-08) New At CPIAC January 2008 CPIAC Bulletin Released UAH Offers Advanced Solid Rocket Propulsion Course in 2008 JANNAF Journal Accepting Manuscripts for Publication DTIC's Total Electronic Migration System (TEMS) ... Sr. Engineering Opportunity Available at CPIAC CPIAC Site Contents About CPIAC Products Services Propulsion News ... Customer Eligibility Online content developers are strictly prohibited from providing links to this website without prior authorization from the Johns Hopkins University, Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center.

14. Ion Propulsion - Over 50 Years In The Making April 6, 1999 The ion propulsion system on Deep Space 1 is the culmination of over 50 years of development on electric engine systems in space. http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/prop06apr99_2.htm

Space Science News home ION PROPULSION Over 50 Years in the Making April 6, 1999: The ion propulsion system on Deep Space 1 is the culmination of over 50 years of development on electric engine systems in space. Launched on Oct. 24, 1998, Deep Space 1 will be the first spacecraft to actually use ion propulsion to reach another planetary body. The engineering that makes this possible represents a journey that started more than half a century ago, when modern rocketry was invented. Looking back, Ernst Stuhlinger, a world expert on electric propulsion, said that the technology "owed its life-giving spark to Wernher von Braun." Recent Headlines December 3: Mars Polar Lander nears touchdown December 2: What next, Leonids? November 30: Polar Lander Mission Overview November 30: Learning how to make a clean sweep in space Dr. Wernher von Braun, a rocket scientist from Germany, was first introduced to the possibility of electric propulsion in the 1930s, through his mentor, Dr. Hermann Oberth. But von Braun started his career working on chemical propulsion systems. Right: An artist's concept depicts the Deep Space 1 probe with its ion engine operating at full thrust. (Links to

15. Propulsion Polymers propulsion Polymers is a small business, owned and operated by Marcus Leech in his spare time. Marcus has a day job with a large telecommunications http://www.propulsionpolymers.com/

Home Pricing Images Email ... 38mm user manual Propulsion Polymers is a small business, owned and operated by Marcus Leech in his spare time. Marcus has a "day job" with a large telecommunications equipment vendor, as a systems and network security architect. Propulsion Polymers systems integration facility and "vehicle assembly building" is located on Marcus' 35-acre farm near Smiths Falls , Ontario, Canada. Propulsion Polymers is a manufacturer of small hybrid rocket motors, and related support equipment, for the hobby rocketry community. Our products currently include a 38mm hybrid motor system, with other systems in the works. We are committed to providing high-quality propulsion systems that are economical to purchase and operate. We believe that with our technology, we can bring high-power rocketry to even the most budget-concious flyers. Propulsion polymers produces motors in 22mm, 38mm, 54mm, and 100mm diameters, covering total impulse ranges from 10NS to 15,000NS (NAR designation C to N). All of our motors use Urbanski-Colburn valving (U/C valving), with a non-pyrotechnic, gaseous oxidizer, start sequence. We don't sell directly, our products are available through our

16. EPower-Propulsion-Your One Stop Resource For Power And Propulsion Engineering Web portal for the areas of propulsion and power research, education and directly related topics. With many links and concise explanation of many fluid flow http://www.epower-propulsion.com/

Springer: an ePower Gold Sponsor Home Search New User Event ... Links Links About ePower Gallery of Images Education Focus Current Funding News ... Change your password Support this website by buying items from Amazon through ePower ePower makes available free eBooks to help support the developing world. See eFluids Books and freEbooks A Free Resource For Power and Propulsion Engineering News Items will be held from April 6-9, 2008 Universidade do Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal. 5th International Conference on Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems, HEAT2008 will be held from June 30-July 03, 2007 in Bia_ystok, Poland Italy. Check out our Gallery of Images Gallery of ePower Images: The Gallery is continuing to grow. Please check regularly. document.write(ideas[rand(ideas.length)]) Useful tools for students and professionals: Engine Simulation Software by NASA Compressible Flow Calculator Sponsors Meeting Alert © 2006 iCentral, LLC Vigor Yang, Chief Editor ePower-Propulsion

17. EDUCATION.JPL.NASA.GOV - JPL Education Gateway Welcome to the JPL Education Gateway. The Jet propulsion Laboratory is NASA s lead center for the robotic exploration of space. JPL and NASA support many http://education.jpl.nasa.gov/

The nasa.gov site requires that JavaScripts be enabled in your browser. For instructions, click here + Visit NASA Portal + Visit NASA Education Portal + E-mail Updates ... + NASA Explorer Schools Space Science Education Resource Directory The directory provides educators an entry point into educational materials funded by NASA's Office of Space Science Education and Public Outreach Program. + About the Directory + Grade/Subject Search + Topic Search Google Searches Search WWW Search JPL + About Google.com Educator Conference: Space Exploration's Rich History January 26-27, 2008 We will celebrate the 50th anniversary of America's entry into space with JPL's Explorer 1, launched January 31, 1958. We will use the opportunity to look back at the start of space science and the origins of the space race. We will have a look at what did, and what did not, happen during humanity's first fifty years in space with Dr. Erik Conway, JPL's Chief Historian, and other speakers. + Educator conference details You, Too, Can Be a Scientist for a Day Students can have the fun of being a NASA scientist exploring the universe even before they've finished secondary school by participating in the Cassini Scientist-for-a-Day contest. (Oct. 23)

18. Beacon ESpace enter propulsion into search and get 100+ reports. http://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/

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19. Space Nuclear Power / Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Federation of American Scientists review of the topic. http://www.fas.org/nuke/space/index.html

FAS Homepage Nuclear Resources Index Search ... Join FAS SPACE NUCLEAR POWER / NUCLEAR THERMAL PROPULSION I Introduction Early Developments Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Rover / Nerva ... Other Early Programs Strategic Defense Initiative Introduction Power Sources Applications Evaluation Space Exploration Initiative Introduction Technical Concepts Development Issues Applications ... Status TIMBERWIND / Space Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Introduction TIMBERWIND Technical Concepts and Developments Applications ... Space Nuclear Power: Opening the Final Frontier by Gary L. Bennett, June 2006 (AIAA-2006-4191, presented at the 4th IECEC) Mission of Daring: The General-Purpose Heat Source Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator by Gary L. Bennett and James J. Lombardo, et al, June 2006 (AIAA-2006-4096, presented at the 4th IECEC) The Timber Wind Special Access Program , Department of Defense Inspector General Audit Report No. 93-033, December 16, 1992 Background on Space Nuclear Power by Steven Aftergood, Science and Global Security , 1989, Volume 1. Atomic Power in Space: A History , prepared for U.S. Department of Energy, March 1987

20. Deep Space 1: Advanced Technologies: Solar Electric Propulsion FAQ A beginner s overview of ion propulsion. http://nmp.nasa.gov/ds1/tech/ionpropfaq.html

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ION PROPULSION What is ion propulsion? Ion propulsion is a technology that involves ionizing a gas to propel a craft. Instead of a spacecraft being propelled with standard chemicals, the gas xenon (which is like neon or helium, but heavier) is given an electrical charge, or ionized. It is then electrically accelerated to a speed of about 30 km/second. When xenon ions are emitted at such high speed as exhaust from a spacecraft, they push the spacecraft in the opposite direction. What implications does this technology have for space exploration? If DS1 shows that electric propulsion works as well as is expected, there will be many new missions that will take advantage of it. Deep Space 4 is expected to use four ion engines to fly alongside a comet in 2004 so that it can land. Ion propulsion is not of value for missions that require high acceleration, and it often will not be worthwhile for missions that can be done quickly using conventional propulsion systems (such as missions to the moon). But for a wide variety of missions with high energy requirements (such as missions to asteroids and comets, Mercury and the inner solar system, and some to the outer solar system), the low but steady acceleration of ion propulsion wins out over the less efficient bursts from chemical alternatives. Why has NASA not used this technology before?

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