21. State Of Environment In Norway: Ozone Layer The ozone layer is still being depleted, but measurements suggest that concentrations of ozonedepleting substances in the atmosphere have peaked and begun http://www.environment.no/templates/themepage____2144.aspx

About SOE Norway Contact us Pictures Norwegian ... Water pollution Ozone layer Climate and ozone Ozone layer Ozone depleting potential 1.State: ... The Montreal Protocol controls the global emissions The ozone layer is still being depleted, but measurements suggest that concentrations of ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere have peaked and begun to drop. Consumption of these substances is dropping rapidly in Norway and in the world as a whole, and concentrations in the atmosphere are expected to be back to the 1980 level by 2050. The ozone layer is expected to recover significantly by 2060-2075 above Antarctica and around 2050 elsewhere. The greenhouse effect may however disturb this process. 1.State 2.Impact 3.Driving forces 4.Pressure ... 5.Response Five per cent of the ozone layer lost since 1969 The ozone layer is found in the stratosphere, 15-35 km above the surface of the earth. Ninety per cent of the ozone (O3) present in the atmosphere is concentrated here. Ozone is continually generated and broken down through natural processes in the stratosphere. Anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting substances have disturbed the balance in the stratosphere. Measurements have shown a decline in global stratospheric ozone levels over the last 20 years. Since 1969, the global average loss of ozone has been 5 per cent at middle-latitudes. Ozone-depletion of up to 10 per cent during winter and spring and up to 5 per cent in summer and autumn has been recorded over Europe, North America and Australia. If we ignore the effect of other factors that influence the ozone layer, such as climate change and volcanic eruptions, it seems probable that the ozone layer is now at its thinnest.

22. Ozone Layer [Ministry For The Environment] The ozone layer sits about 1530 kilometres above the earth and reduces the amount of dangerous ultraviolet light which reaches the earth from the sun. http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/ozone/

Home Contact us Related links Site map ... Ministry Site search Ozone layer Ozone-depleting substances Ozone damage and climate change You are here: The issues Ozone layer The ozone layer sits about 15-30 kilometres above the earth and reduces the amount of dangerous ultraviolet light which reaches the earth from the sun. Too much ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer and cataracts in people; it also distorts plant growth, damages the marine environment, and leads to the breakdown of materials such as plastics. The ozone layer is vital for our survival and well-being. Man-made substances damage the ozone layer. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is an international agreement under which these substances are being phased out. The Protocol is working well. The amount of ozone-depleting substances going into the atmosphere is starting to peak, and will soon start to decline. The ozone layer is expected to repair itself very slowly over the next 70 years. For more information about the Protocol visit the United Nations Ozone Secretariat website . Ozone damage is also related to global warming Information about New Zealand research from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) is available on the NIWA website . Good links to international ozone and science pages are also available on this site.

23. The Environmental Literacy Council - The Ozone Layer At any given place, the ozone layer varies in size with the seasons, because ozone is produced when solar energy reacts with oxygen molecules, http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1282.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food The Ozone Layer Ozone (O ) is present in trace amounts throughout most of the atmosphere but is most abundant in the stratosphere. There is a thin layer of ozone about 15 to 40 km above the Earth's surface, which plays an important role by filtering harmful solar rays. At any given place, the ozone layer varies in size with the seasons, because ozone is produced when solar energy reacts with oxygen molecules, and solar energy varies with the seasons. Because the greatest seasonal variations in solar energy occur at the poles, fluctuations in the ozone layer are also greatest in the stratosphere over the poles. Variations in the amount of ozone are also linked with periodic changes in atmospheric winds, volcanic and solar sunspot activity. There are continual photochemical reactions in the stratosphere because of the influx of short-wave radiation. Ozone is continually created and destroyed in catalytic reactions with oxides of hydrogen, nitrogen, and chlorine. In the 1970s, scientists observed a thinning in the ozone layer over Antarctica, colloquially and inaccurately, called an "ozone hole" and concerns arose that emissions from human activities were implicated in ozone depletion. In particular, the concern was that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which had been widely used as refrigerants and in aerosols because they are inert and non-toxic, might be capable of depleting the ozone layer. Scientists M. J. Molina and F.S. Rowland demonstrated in their lab that CFCs could be broken down by ultraviolet light in the atmosphere and that the chlorine released could break down ozone molecules.

24. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Even in the ozone layer, ozone is present in very small quantities; This layer of ozone molecules screens out enough of the incoming ultraviolet http://www.climate.org/topics/ozone/index.shtml

The bottom line of the global warming, greenhouse effect issue is that we insult the environment at a faster rate than we understand the consequences. Simple prudence suggests that modifying the global climate at 10 to 50 times the average natural rates of change is not a planetary experiment that we should glibly allow, particularly since there are so many measures available that could substantially slow down our impact on Earth and at the same time buy many other benefits. Dr. Stephen Schneider (1988) Ozone Depletion Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Importance of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Ozone is a tri-atomic form of oxygen - it has three oxygen atoms instead of the normal two. It is formed naturally in the upper levels of the earth's atmosphere by high-energy ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The radiation breaks down oxygen molecules, releasing free atoms, some of which bond with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. About 90 per cent of all ozone in the atmosphere is formed in this way, between 15 and 55 kilometers above the earth's surface - the part of the atmosphere called the stratosphere. Hence, this is known as the "ozone layer." Even in the ozone layer, ozone is present in very small quantities; its maximum concentration, at a height of about 20-25 kilometers, is only ten parts per million.

25. Nobel For Ozone Layer Scientist - CNN.com Gerhard Ertl of Germany won the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday for studies of chemical reactions on solid surfaces, which are key to http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/science/10/10/nobel.chemistry.ap/index.html

var cnnIsIntl = (location.hostname.indexOf('edition.') > -1) ? true : false;var clickID = (cnnIsIntl) ? 212106 : 211911; // clickability over-ride for sponsorship popWin="width=810,height=480,resizable=1,scrollbars=1"; var cnnCurrTime = new Date(1201220035650); var cnnCurrHour = 19; var cnnCurrMin = 13; var cnnCurrDay='Thu'; /technology Home World U.S. Politics ... International Edition document.write(cnnRenderTimeStamp(1192037383440,['October 10, 2007 Updated 1729 GMT (0129 HKT)','updated 1:29 p.m. EDT, Wed October 10, 2007'])); Nobel for ozone layer scientist Story Highlights Gerhard Ertl of Germany wins the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry Discoveries help explain why ozone layer is thinning Research also explains how catalytic converters in automobiles work Read var cnnOtherTab1Label = 'explainer'; EXPLAINER var clickExpire = "11/9/2007"; STOCKHOLM, Sweden (AP) Gerhard Ertl of Germany won the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry on Wednesday for studies of chemical reactions on solid surfaces, which are key to understanding questions like how pollution eats away at the ozone layer. Gerhard Ertl won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces.

26. CFCs And Ozone Depletion This process was known to be potentially damaging to the ozone layer, but conclusive evidence of stratospheric ozone loss was not discovered until 1984. http://www.ciesin.org/TG/OZ/cfcozn.html

CIESIN Thematic Guides Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), along with other chlorine- and bromine-containing compounds, have been implicated in the accelerated depletion of ozone in the Earth's stratosphere. CFCs were developed in the early 1930s and are used in a variety of industrial, commercial, and household applications. These substances are non-toxic, non-flammable, and non-reactive with other chemical compounds. These desirable safety characteristics, along with their stable thermodynamic properties, make them ideal for many applicationsas coolants for commercial and home refrigeration units, aerosol propellants, electronic cleaning solvents, and blowing agents. Production and Use of Chlorofluorocarbons experienced nearly uninterrupted growth as demand for products requiring their use continued to rise. Not until 1973 was chlorine found to be a catalytic agent in ozone destruction. Catalytic destruction of ozone removes the odd oxygen species [atomic oxygen (O) and ozone (O3)] while leaving chlorine unaffected. This process was known to be potentially damaging to the ozone layer, but conclusive evidence of stratospheric ozone loss was not discovered until 1984. Announcement of polar ozone depletion over Antarctica in March 1985 prompted scientific initiatives to discover the Ozone Depletion Processes , along with calls to freeze or diminish production of chlorinated fluorocarbons. A complex scenario of atmospheric dynamics, solar radiation, and chemical reactions was found to explain the anomalously low levels of ozone during the polar springtime. Recent expeditions to the Arctic regions show that similar processes can occur in the northern hemisphere, but to a somewhat lesser degree due to warmer temperatures and erratic dynamic patterns.

27. Ozone Home Page The WMOGAW ozone observing system provides important data for the assessment of the state of the ozone layer and the data are used in the quadrennial http://www.wmo.ch/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ozone/index.html

Print Bookmark RSS Help Zoom Default Home Recommend English scroll down HOME ... UN SYSTEM About us WMO in brief Strategic planning Structure of the Organization Office of the Secretary-General ... Milestones Governance Congress Executive Council President Vice-Presidents ... Policy documents Members Membership Members by Region National Services Permanent representatives Programmes Summary WWW WCP AREP ... DRR Co-sponsored Summary IPCC WCRP GCOS ... GOOS Meetings Constituent body sessions List of meetings Related events Conference centre Media centre News Press releases Media calendar Info Notes ... WMOFEED.ORG Publications WMO Bulletin MeteoWorld World Climate News Showcase ... Composition of WMO Learning Met e-learning CAeM training Library Tools Meteoterm Acronyms Partners Themes Weather Climate Water Oceans ... Gender Vacancies Professional Service posts General Service posts International careers Visitors' info ... wmo keyword Google bookmark Global Atmosphere Watch: monitoring of the ozone layer Programmes AREP GAW Ozone layer observations Ozone constitutes a very small part of our atmosphere, but its presence is nevertheless vital to human well-being. Most ozone resides high up in the atmosphere, between 10 and 40km above Earth's surface. This region is called the stratosphere and it contains about 90% of all the ozone in the atmosphere. Why do we care about atmospheric ozone?

28. Kyoto Projects Harm Ozone Layer: U.N. Official | Environment | Reuters By Gerard Wynn LONDON (Reuters) The biggest emissions-cutting projects under the Kyoto Protocol on global warming have directly contributed to an increase http://www.reuters.com/article/environmentNews/idUSL137011320070813

@import "/resources/css/rcom-master.css"; document.write(""); var strLocalization="US"; document.write(""); My Profile addImpression("B011808_1556_REUTERS"); Reuters Oddly Enough Strange-but-true stories from around the world. Subscribe var adsrc = 'reuters.com.dart/news/globalcoverage/environment/article;' + (typeof(seg)=='undefined'?'':seg) + 'type=Banner;sz=728x90;tile=1;articleID=USL137011320070813;ord=' + (typeof(tmstmp)!='undefined'?tmstmp:12345) + '?'; DJIA Nasdaq You are here: Home News Environment var RTR_UniqueArticleID = "USL137011320070813"; Home News U.S. Politics ... Reader Feedback var adsrc = 'reuters.com.dart/news/globalcoverage/environment/article;' + (typeof(seg)=='undefined'?'':seg) + 'type=125;sz=125x125;tile=5;articleID=USL137011320070813;ord=' + (typeof(tmstmp)!='undefined'?tmstmp:12345) + '?'; Do More With Reuters RSS Mobile Podcasts ... You Witness News Partner Services CareerBuilder Affiliate Network Professional Products Support (Customer Zone) ... About Reuters Kyoto projects harm ozone layer: U.N. official Mon Aug 13, 2007 9:07am EDT

29. The EnviroLink Network - Ozone Layer Displaying 1 16 of 16 resources in ozone layer; 1. Captain Ozone Seattle, WA, USA Captainozone.com features a downloadable documentary about the http://envirolink.org/topics.html?topic=Ozone Layer&topicsku=2002116191238&topic

30. Regulations - Environment - Ozone Layer Protection 1 These regulations may be cited as the ozone layer Protection Regulations . Definitions. 2 In these regulations. (a) Act means the Environment Act; http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/regs/env5495.htm

This consolidation is unofficial and is for reference only. For the official version of the regulations, consult the original documents on file with the Registry of Regulations , or refer to the Royal Gazette Part II Regulations are amended frequently. Please check the list of Regulations by Act to see if there are any recent amendments to these regulations filed with the Registry that are not yet included in this consolidation. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this electronic version, the Registry of Regulations assumes no responsibility for any discrepancies that may have resulted from reformatting. This electronic version is for your personal use and may not be copied for the purposes of resale in this or any other form. Ozone Layer Protection Regulations made under Section 112 of the Environment Act S.N.S. 1994-95, c. 1 Order in Council 95-293 (April 11, 1995), N.S. Reg. 54/95 Citation These regulations may be cited as the "Ozone Layer Protection Regulations". Definitions In these regulations (a) "Act" means the Environment Act;

31. CSD Stratospheric Ozone Layer the ozone layer rendition The ozone layer. This profile shows how the amount of ozone (O3) varies with height in the atmosphere. http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/strato3.html

U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Research Search ESRL: FAQs People Publications Skip navigation Site navigation: About CSD Mission Research Partnerships Why? Products Field Campaigns Data Sets Publications Ozone Assessments Resources News Seminars Organization Chart EEO / Diversity ... Air Quality Program Origins Aeronomy Laboratory ETL Optical Remote Sensing Terms of Reference Contact CSD ... NOAA Webmail Stratospheric Ozone Layer (Antarctic, Arctic, and Global) In the stratosphere, the region of the atmosphere between about 10 and 50 kilometers (6-30 miles) above the Earth's surface, ozone (O ) plays a vital role by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Stratospheric ozone is threatened by some of the human-made gases that have been released into the atmosphere, including those known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Once widely used as propellants in spray cans, refrigerants, electronics cleaning agents, and in foam and insulating products, the CFCs had been hailed as the "wonder chemicals." But the very properties that make them useful - chemical inertness, non-toxicity, insolubility in water - also make them resistant to removal in the lower atmosphere. CFCs are mixed worldwide by the large-scale motions of the atmosphere and survive until, after 1-2 years, they reach the stratosphere and are broken down by ultraviolet radiation. The chlorine atoms within them are released and directly attack ozone. In the process of destroying ozone, the chlorine atoms are regenerated and begin to attack other ozone molecules... and so on, for thousands of cycles before the chlorine atoms are removed from the stratosphere by other processes.

32. Earth's Ozone Layer Appears To Be On The Road To Recovery While the ozone hole over Antarctica continues to open wide, the ozone layer around the rest of the planet seems to be on the mend. For the last 9 years, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/05/060527093645.htm

Science News Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark Earth's Ozone Layer Appears To Be On The Road To Recovery ScienceDaily (May 27, 2006) See also: Ozone Holes Environmental Issues Atmosphere Air Quality ... Atmospheric chemistry People were understandably alarmed, then, in the 1980s when scientists noticed that manmade chemicals in the atmosphere were destroying this layer. Governments quickly enacted an international treaty, called the Montreal Protocol, to ban ozone-destroying gases such as CFCs then found in aerosol cans and air conditioners. Today, almost 20 years later, reports continue of large ozone holes opening over Antarctica, allowing dangerous UV rays through to Earth's surface. Indeed, the 2005 ozone hole was one of the biggest ever, spanning 24 million sq km in area, nearly the size of North America. Listening to this news, you might suppose that little progress has been made. You'd be wrong. While the ozone hole over Antarctica continues to open wide, the ozone layer around the rest of the planet seems to be on the mend. For the last 9 years, worldwide ozone has remained roughly constant, halting the decline first noticed in the 1980s. The question is why? Is the Montreal Protocol responsible? Or is some other process at work?

33. IPCC Special Report SROC Safeguarding the ozone layer and the Global Climate System Issues related to Hydrofluorocarbons and Perfluorocarbons. Full report (pdf). Table of Contents http://arch.rivm.nl/env/int/ipcc/pages_media/SROC-final/SpecialReportSROC.html

Summary for Policymakers and Technical Summary in Arabic (5 MB) Chinese (3.7 MB) French (1.92 MB) Russian (2.74 MB) Spanish (4.2 MB) IPCC Special Report on Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System Issues related to Hydrofluorocarbons and Perfluorocarbons Full report (pdf) Table of Contents Summary for Policymakers Technical Summary Chapter 1 Ozone and Climate Chapter 2 Chemical and Radiative Effects of HFCs, PFCs, and Their Possible Replacements Chapter 3 Methodologies Chapter 4 Refrigeration Chapter 5 Residential and Commercial Air Conditioning and Heating Chapter 6 Mobile Air Conditioning Chapter 7 Foams Chapter 8 Medical Aerosols Chapter 9 Fire Protection Chapter 10 Non-medical Aerosols, Solvents and HFC-23 Chapter 11 Current and Future Supply, Demand and Emissions of HFCs and PFCs, plus Emissions of CFCs, Halons Annexes to the Special Report Annex I: Authors and Reviewers Annex II: Glossary Annex III: Acronyms and Abbreviations Annex IV: Units ... Annex VI: Major IPCC Reports Graphics Graphics of the Special Report

34. Ozone Hole Watch This is the Ozone Hole Watch web site, where you can check on the latest status of the ozone layer over the South Pole. Satellite instruments monitor the http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Bypass Navigation? Ozone Hole Watch Images, data,and information, updated daily + NASA + Laboratory for Atmospheres + Contact NASA Home ... Education Ozone Hole Watch December 4, 2007 Data Sources OMI TOMS GOME NOAA SBUV/2 ... Balloon Sondes This is the Ozone Hole Watch web site, where you can check on the latest status of the ozone layer over the South Pole. Satellite instruments monitor the ozone layer, and we use their data to create the images that depict the amount of ozone. The blue and purple colors are where there is the least ozone, and the greens, yellows, and reds are where there is more ozone. Latest Information A high-resolution TIFF image of the largest ozone hole, suitable for print media, is available. NASA news (NASA Public Affairs site) Last 7 Days Animations Daily, 2007 (1280 X 720):

35. ENVIRONMENT: 60 Years To Restore The Ozone Layer Over Antarctica Another giant ozone hole has opened up over the Antarctic, while evidence mounts that 20 years of international efforts have finally helped the atmosphere http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=34810

36. Ozone Layer Burned By Cosmic Rays | Physical Review Focus Cosmic rays may be enlarging the hole in the ozone layer, according to a study appearing in the 13 August print issue of PRL. Researchers analyzed data from http://focus.aps.org/story/v8/st8

@import "/files/css/efc6c1e68c820f4ef3dd2d5cfb7ae405.css"; @import "/sites/default/themes/focus/page-node.css"; Previous Story Next Story Volume 8 archive Phys. Rev. Lett. (issue of 13 August 2001) Title and Authors 2 August 2001 Ozone Layer Burned by Cosmic Rays NASA satellite Cosmic conspiracy. Cosmic rays could be a major contributor to ozone destruction over Antarctica. Cosmic rays may be enlarging the hole in the ozone layer, according to a study appearing in the 13 August print issue of PRL . Researchers analyzed data from several sources, and found a strong correlation between cosmic ray intensity and ozone depletion. Back in the lab they demonstrated a mechanism by which cosmic rays could cause a buildup of ozone-depleting chlorine inside polar clouds. Their results suggest that the damage done by cosmic rays could be millions of times larger than anyone previous believed and may force atmospheric scientists to reexamine their models of the antarctic ozone hole. For the past two decades, scientists have known that human-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the major destroyers of the atmosphere's protective ozone layer. Atmospheric scientists have proposed that ultraviolet light breaks down CFCs, releasing active chlorine, which tears apart ozone molecules. But during the months when ozone depletion is greatest, giant clouds of ice particlesso-called polar stratospheric cloudsblock the ultraviolet rays. Experts have not completely solved this piece of the ozone destruction puzzle, but according to one theory, the clouds harbor active chlorine molecules. Yet it's not clear how the chlorine would come to be separated from the CFCs in this ultraviolet-free environment.

37. ScienceNOW -- Sign In Earth s protective ozone layer is still hurting, but measurements of hydrogen chloride in the atmosphere (bottom, years 19702007) show a decline in levels http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2007/911/1

Jump to: Page Content Section Navigation Site Navigation Site Search ... Account Information , or Site Tools Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be. Site Tools Site Search Site Area Science Magazine Daily News Science Signaling SAGE KE Science Careers All HighWire Journals Terms Advanced Account Information Guest Alerts Access Rights My Account Sign In Site Navigation Readers Members Authors Librarians Advertisers Home News Subscribe/Join AAAS or Buy a Site Pass to View Full Text. The content you requested requires a AAAS member subscription to this site or ScienceNOW Site Pass purchase. If you already have a user name and password, please sign in below. More Good News for the Ozone Layer Berardelli ScienceNOW 11 September 2007: 1 Need Help?

38. Halocarbons & Stratospheric Ozone Layer-Science Tracer Bullet Halocarbons and the Stratospheric ozone layer Science Tracer Bullets Research Finding Aids from the Library of Congress, Science Reference Services. http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/halocarbonstb.html

The Library of Congress Especially for Researchers Research Centers Home ... Tracer Bullets Find in Science Tracer Bullets Science Reference Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages Halocarbons and the Stratospheric Ozone Layer Tracer Bullet 89-10 Scope Introductions to the Topic Subject Headings Texts on Chemical Aspects ... Additional Sources of Information SCOPE This guide lists information sources which deal with the deleterious effect of halocarbons (fluorocarbons, chlorocarbons, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)) on the stratospheric ozone layer which shields the earth and its inhabitants from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Chlorofluorocarbons are compounds, similar to hydrocarbons, in which most, or all, of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by various combinations of fluorine and chlorine atoms. Not intended to be a comprehensive bibliography, this guide is designedas the name of the series impliesto put the reader "on target." TOP OF PAGE INTRODUCTIONS TO THE TOPIC Cicerone, Ralph J. Chlorofluorocarbons. In McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science and technology. v. 8. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1987. p. 303.

39. SCADPlus: Substances Which Damage The Ozone Layer To protect human health and the environment, the European Union wishes to limit and monitor the production, marketing and use of substances which deplete http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l28064.htm

Print version Legal notice What's new? Search ... de en es fr EUROPA Summaries of legislation Substances which damage the ozone layer Home page Agriculture Audiovisual and Media Budget ... AIR POLLUTION Substances which damage the ozone layer To protect human health and the environment, the European Union wishes to limit and monitor the production, marketing and use of substances which deplete the ozone layer within the Community, and exports of those substances to third countries. ACT Regulation (EC) No of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 June 2000 on substances that deplete the ozone layer [ See amending acts SUMMARY Regulation (EC) No replaced Council Regulation (EC) No on substances that deplete the ozone layer, so as to adapt the Community rules to the technical developments which had occurred since that Regulation was adopted and in line with the changes made in 1995, 1997 and 1999 to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. In laying down stricter control provisions than those of Regulation (EC) No and the Montreal Protocol, it takes into account the increasing availability of products that can replace those which deplete the ozone layer.

40. Ozone And Climate Change Today, some scientists are predicting the stratospheric ozone layer will recover to 1980 ozone levels by the year 2050. These scientists say we can expect http://www.theozonehole.com/climate.htm

Contact Us Projects About Us Donate Ozone and Climate Change Tango in the Atmosphere: Ozone and Climate Change By Jeannie Allen, NASA Earth Observatory , February 2004 "Ozone chemistry is at the heart of atmospheric chemistry." Bill Stockwell, Desert Research Institute Ozone affects climate, and climate affects ozone. Temperature, humidity, winds, and the presence of other chemicals in the atmosphere influence ozone formation, and the presence of ozone, in turn, affects those atmospheric constituents. Ozone’s impact on climate consists primarily of changes in temperature. The more ozone in a given parcel of air, the more heat it retains. Ozone generates heat in the stratosphere, both by absorbing the sun’s ultraviolet radiation and by absorbing upwelling infrared radiation from the lower atmosphere (troposphere). Consequently, decreased ozone in the stratosphere results in lower temperatures. Observations show that over recent decades, the mid to upper stratosphere (from 30 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface) has cooled by 1° to 6° C (2° to 11° F). This stratospheric cooling has taken place at the same time that greenhouse gas amounts in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) have risen. The two phenomena may be linked. Says Dr. Drew Shindell of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), “I’ve long been aware that chemistry and climate influence one another strongly. I started to ask how cold the stratosphere might get because of increasing amounts of greenhouse gases. I was wondering whether or not the cooling in the stratosphere would be rapid enough that more ozone depletion would take place than we had previously calculated. Would the cooling be so fast that even more ozone depletion would occur before the impact of international agreements to limit ozone had time to take effect?”

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