21. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the most common type of mycorrhizae on the planet. Ninety percent of all plant families contain AM species, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/mpp/AM.html

Last Updated January 15 Note on titles Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are the most common type of mycorrhizae on the planet. Ninety percent of all plant families contain AM species, and most mycorrhizasts believe that the vast majority of all land plants (from hornworts to grasses) are AM. These mycorrhizae are ubiquitous, living on at least six of the seven continents and almost all islands. The association is also old: Asteroxylon , a 400 million year old vascular plant fossil from the Rhynie chert, shows arbuscules in its rhizomes (Smith and Read 1997, Pirozynski 1981). Because of these fossils, AM are assumed to predate the evolution of roots, and it is hypothesized that these mycorrhizae played an integral role in the evolution of land plants. The available evidence indicates that arbuscular mycorrhizae are an ancestral characteristic of all vascular plants if not all land plants, and all other mycorrhizal types, as well as non-mycorrhizal states, are derived and more recent. The nomenclature of arbuscular mycorrhizae has changed over the last two decades. Currently, many researchers refer to them as arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM). They are also commonly referred to as vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM), and in the older literature, they may be referred to as endomycorrhizae.

22. Mycoroots, Mycorrhiza Analysis, Mycorrhizal Assessment, Mycorrhizae Evaluation, mycorrhiza analysis, mycorrhizal assessment, mycorrhizae evaluation, turf grass and mycorrhiza, vineyards and mycorrhiza, Identification ectomycorrhizal http://www.mycoroots.com/

MycoRoots help site map faq Homepage ... Contact us "Know Your Friends Belowground" Welcome to MycoRoots..... We specialize in high quality mycorrhizae assessments and identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We have 20 years of experience working on mycorrhiza research. We determine the mycorrhizal status of plants by careful microscopic examination of their roots. Articles Mycorrhizal Fungi Benefits Putting Greens Arbuscular Mycorrhiza: Can it improve the survival of young vines? ... Mycorrhizae and Turfgrass Golf courses We're have an special offer for golf course superintendents. Click here for more info!

23. Mycorrhiza And Soil Phosphorus Levels Colorado State University Extension Tri Ri The benefits of mycorrhizae are greatest when soil phosphorus levels are at or below 50 ppm (50 mg kg 1). A literature review is provided on this topic. http://www.colostate.edu/Dept/CoopExt/TRA/PLANTS/mycorrhiza.html

Mycorrhiza and soil phosphorus levels Curtis E. Swift, Ph.D. Area Extension Agent (Horticulture) Colorado State University Extension Tri River Area Introduction: Influence of Phosphorus on Mycorrhizae: Very high and very low phosphorus levels may reduce mycorrhizal infection/colonization (Koide, 1991). It is well established that: an increase in the level of soil phosphate results in a reduction in chlamydospore production by the fungus (Menge, et al. 1978). These spores are involved in root infection and spread of the fungus through the soil profile. Research by Abbott and Robson (1979) concluded that levels of soil phosphorus greater than that required for plant growth eliminated the development of the arbuscles of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) types of mycorrhizae. Arbuscles are structures produced within the host plant cells by the VA mycorrhizae. These structures are responsible for the transfer of absorbed nutrients from the fungus to the plant. The arbuscles resemble miniature shrub-like trees (arbuscular = shrub in Latin). Mosse (1973) reports adding phosphate results in no arbuscles forming. What levels of P are critical?

24. Supplements Rooter s mycorrhizae by OGM Products A concentrate of natural occurring, beneficial fungus spores that can be used in hydroponics or soil gardening. http://www.allseasonsnashville.com/Gardening_Organics/supplements.htm

Supplements Keywords B'cuzz B'Cuzz Root Stimulant 0-0-0.7 Roots are necessary to the plant to provide a continuous supply of water, sugars, and mineral nutrients. The larger root system, the more dynamically the plant can function and grow. BCuzz Root Stimulator will initiate an explosive root production. BCuzz Root Stimulant solutions can be best used in cloning systems, and for young plants, cuttings, or seedlings. B'cuzz Root 12oz B'cuzz Root 32oz B'cuzz Root Gallon B'Cuzz Growth Stimulator (1.0-0-0.7) B'cuzz Growth Stimulator has been developed specifically to stimulate the growth phase and it is a necessary supplement to normal nutrition. It is an all-in-one growing stimulator, containing micro-nutrients, aqua-bacterias, amino acids and proteins. B'cuzz Growth 12oz B'cuzz Growth 32oz B'cuzz Growth Gallon B'Cuzz Bloom Stimulant 0-0-0.7 Especially for the plants blooming phase. BCuzz Bloom stimulator encourages flower cell production and increases the manufacture and transport of sugar molecules in the flowers. This will lead to big, dense flowers and great taste. In this way, quantity as well as quality will increase on the final product. B'cuzz Bloom 12oz B'cuzz Bloom 32oz B'cuzz Bloom Gallon B'cuzz Foliar- B'cuzz Foliar 32oz B'cuzz Foliar Gallon Bio Bizz TOP MAX - Stimulator TOP MAX is a 100% organic stimulant that is designed to be used especially with BioBizz soil mixtures. TOP MAX has the threefold purpose of facilitating the uptake of nutrients within the plants, dramatically increasing the actual size and weight of floral clusters, and enhancing flavor by encouraging rapid cell division during flowering and increasing transportation of sugars in the fruit.

25. The Overstory #8 Mycorrhizae Soil fungi known as mycorrhizal fungi make vital contributions to plant and soil health. mycorrhizae simply means, root fungus, and refers to fungi which http://www.agroforestry.net/overstory/overstory8.html

Journal Home Previous Editions Submissions Current Projects ... Links The Overstory #8 MycorrhizaeEssential Partners in Plant Health The Overstory #8 Authors: Craig Elevitch and Kim Wilkinson Contents: * MycorrhizaeEssential Partners in Plant Health * How Mycorrhizal Fungi Benefit Plants * Strategies for Improving Mycorrhizal Activity on Your Site * Mycorrhizae Links on the WWW * Source of Commercial Mycorrhizal Inoculants * How to contact us MycorrhizaeEssential Partners in Plant Health People have taken plants out of their natural environments to cultivate them in agricultural systems such as plantations, orchards and farms. However, we have not changed the plant's basic needs. Plants co-evolved with soil life over hundreds of millions of years. Many plant and tree species adapted to depend on some kinds of soil microlife. Soil fungi known as mycorrhizal fungi make vital contributions to plant and soil health. Mycorrhizae simply means, "root fungus," and refers to fungi which live in close association with the root systems of plants, extending out from the plant's own roots. By nurturing and, where necessary, re-introducing mycorrhizal species, we can cultivate an essential ecological connection that will benefit our crops, our environment, and our own bottom line in agriculture or forestry. Mycorrhizal fungi have evolved in association with plants, acting to greatly increase the ability of plants to take up water and certain nutrients, while often protecting associated plants from pests and diseases. They live in and around the root zone of plants, extending far out from the plant's roots with their own network of thread-like filaments known as hyphae. This greatly extends the effective surface area of the plants roots. The association with mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhances plant health in most species, and has even become essential for the survival of certain types of plants. Avocados, bamboos, bananas, cassava, coconuts, coffee, mahogany, mangoes, palms, papayas, soybeans, and sweet potatoes are just a few examples of plants that benefit from mycorrhizae.

26. TreeHelp.com: Trees: Maple: Mycorrhizae Over millions of years, maple trees have evolved to thrive in a specific type of soil. When a maple is transplanted into a new environment, the soil is http://www.treehelp.com/trees/maple/mycorrhizae.asp

Javascript is not enabled in your browser. In order to continue with this operation, you must enable Javascript. Select the Security Tab and Click the "Custome Level" Button. Then scroll down to the section called "Scripting" and check the "Enable" category. In Preferences select the Advanced Category and check the "Enable JavaScript" checkbox. Once you have javascript enabled, you can go back and continue what you were doing. ONLINE STORE TREE CARE INFO ... REGISTRY GUEST item All prices are listed in USD (Cdn Exch: CA$1 = US$1) Your Account Help Contact ... Login Here (New Customer? Sign up here Toll-Free Order Line: 1-877-356-7333 Thu Jan 24, 2008 Search TreeHelp.com Tree Care Info How-to Articles Species Information Hardiness Zones Product Categories Pest Control Seeds Shopping Help ORDER ONLINE or BY TOLL-FREE PHONE Need help with our products? Read our FAQs or Contact Customer Service $5.95 Flat-fee shipping U.S. orders shipped from Buffalo, NY Canadian orders shipped from Toronto, ON Home Trees Species Info Maple Trees Mycorrhizae form when mycorrhizal fungi infect newly forming non-woody roots as shown here.

27. Importance Of Mycorrhizae For Agricultural Crops The word mycorrhizae was first used by German researcher A.B. Frank in 1885, and originates from the Greek mycos, meaning fungus and rhiza, meaning root http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AG116

Whole Document Navigator (Click Here) Top of Document What are Mycorrhizae? Mycorrhizal Types Plant Dependence on Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Responses of Plants to Mycorrhizal Inoculations Beneficial Effects of AM Application of Mycorrhizae in Agriculture Footnotes Importance of Mycorrhizae for Agricultural Crops R. M. Muchovej What are Mycorrhizae? The word mycorrhizae was first used by German researcher A.B. Frank in 1885, and originates from the Greek mycos , meaning 'fungus' and rhiza , meaning 'root'. Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic mutualistic relationship between special soil fungi and fine plant roots; it is neither the fungus nor the root, but rather the structure formed from these two partners. Since the association is mutualistic, both organisms benefit from the association. The fungus receives carbohydrates (sugars) and growth factors from the the plant, which in turn receives many benefits, including increased nutrient absorption. In this association, the fungus takes over the role of the plant's root hairs and acts as an extension of the root system. Mycorrhizae are the rule in nature, not the exception. Most plants (more than 90% of all known species) present at least one type of mycorrhiza. Among important plants that associate with mycorrhizal fungi are corn, carrots, leek, potatoes, beans, soybeans, other legumes, tomatoes, peppers, onions, garlic, sunflower, strawberries, citrus, apples, peaches, grapes, cotton, coffee, tea, cocoa, sugarcane, forest species, wild plants, and even weeds. Cabbage, Cruciferae in general, and some aquatic plants are usually non-mycorrhizal.

28. Science Central : Science - Biology - Mycology - Mycorrhizae Category Listing Science Biology - Mycology - mycorrhizae. http://www.sciencecentral.com/category/427652

Thursday, 24 January, 2008 Home Submit Science Site Add to Favorite Contact search for Directories Aeronautics and Aerospace Agriculture Anomalies and Alternative Science Astronomy ... Technology Category: Science Biology Mycology Mycorrhizae SUBMIT A SITE Mycorrhizae Order by Popularity Alphabet Sites Records 1-6 of 6 A Practical Introduction to Mycorrhiza (Popularity: Discusses types of mycorrhizas, their role in seed germination and other higher-plant processes, plants that ... Mycorrhizal Inoculum (Popularity: We are a manufacturer and supplier of products to aid in the establishment and protection ... Mycorrhiza Information Exchange Web Site (Popularity: Global clearinghouse for mycorrhizal information. Organized links and information related for education, research and business ... Mycorrhizal Symbioses (Popularity: Primer, by David M. Sylvia, based on a chapter in Principles and Applications of Soil ... Mycorrhiza.com (Popularity: Information on the use of mycorrhizal inoculum. Afforestation of Treeless Areas (Popularity: Report on mycorrhiza formation with tree genera from around the world and use in reforestation ...

29. Mycorrhizae & Other Beneficial Soil Microorganisms At Home Harvest Garden Supply mycorrhizae Other Beneficial Soil Microorganisms at Home Harvest Garden Supply. http://homeharvest.com/beneficialmicroorganisms.htm

a Division of Superior Growers Supply, Inc. Garden Supplies Gardening Books Container Gardening Hydroponic Gardening ... Search Home Harvest Mycorrhizae Beneficial Soil Microorganisms Mighty Myco Granular Premium Mycorrhizal Inoculant Mighty Myco Granular Premium Mycorrhizal Inoculant is a root biostimulant that increases fruit, vegetable and flower yields, reduces transplant shock and promotes fast growth. Mighty Myco Granular is designed to be mixed directly into the planting media. Contains a granular mix of 10 carefully selected species of beneficial Endomycorrhizae, Ectomycorrhizae, and Tricoderma fungus. Mighty Myco works best when in direct contact with a plants roots. For seeds, apply in furrow 1 teaspoon per row foot. For cuttings, place 1/2 teaspoon under each cutting. For potting mixes, use 8 ounces per 3 cubic feet of potting mix. Active ingredients include Pisolithus tinctorius 220,264 propagules per gram; Tricoderma harzianum 165,198 propagules per gram; Tricoderma koningii 165,198 propagules per gram; Rhizopogon amylopogon 5,506 propagules per gram; Rhizopogon fulvigleba 5,506 propagules per gram; Rhizopogon luteolus 5,506 propagules per gram; Rhizopogon villosullus 5,506 propagules per gram; Glomus aggregatum 14 propagules per gram; Glomus intraradices 14 propagules per gram; Glomus mosseae 14 propagules per gram. Inert ingredients include 70% Calcined Clay Carrier. Net weight 4 ounces, resealable plastic container.

30. Mycorrhizae In Crop Production Your browser may not have a PDF reader available. Google recommends visiting our text version of this document. http://www.haworthpress.com/store/PDFFiles/ForReps/Hamel-Mycorrhizae.pdf

31. Mycorrhizea FAQ What is the minimum amount of inoculum needed to form mycorrhizae? mycorrhizae can form from only one spore that germinates and infects a root, http://www.agbio-inc.com/MycorrFAQ.htm

Mycorrhizae Frequently Asked Questions Can I apply too much inoculum? No. You must apply enough inoculum so that the mycorrhizal fungus propagules will come into direct contact with roots that can be colonized. What is the minimum amount of inoculum needed to form mycorrhizae? Mycorrhizae can form from only one spore that germinates and infects a root, but it may take a long time for the fungus to spread to a significant portion of the root system. Therefore, it is better to initiate multiple infection sites to speed up the colonization process. The minimum needed depends on the size and age of the root system. In other words, there is no specific answer to the question. How do mycorrhizae work? Mycorrhizal fungi colonize roots forming a biological link between the root and the soil. The fungus grows into the root and out into the soil. The plant responds by altering its physiology in a number of ways. The fungus in the soil absorbs water and nutrients from the soil and conducts them back to the root. Formation of mycorrhizae affects the composition of the microorganisms around the roots, and some of those microbes can influence the plant growth and health. If there are mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, why inoculate?

32. BioEd Online Slides: Mycorrhizae, Parasite, Mutualism, Lichens, Fungi mycorrhizae are mutualistic relationships between fungi and the roots of vascular plants. Fungi cells supply the plant with more nutrients and water than http://www.bioedonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=mycorrhizae

33. Garden Grounds - Why Mycorrhizae? mycorrhizae is the active ingredient in Garden Grounds,but what is mycorrhizae and why is it important to the health of your plants? http://www.gardengrounds.com/index.php?cid=60

34. Arbor Pro Tree Experts Over 20000 research papers have shown that mycorrhizae are a critical We now know that these mycorrhizae can help urban trees in a biological way that http://www.arborpro.net/services/mycor.htm

ISA Certified Arborist Reliable and Dependable Knowledgable and friendly Home Tree Trimming Tree removal Stump removal ... Links Mycorrhizae MYCORRHIZAE TREATMENTS Mycorrhizae is a greek word that means Root - Fungus. Over 20,000 research papers have shown that mycorrhizae are a critical ingredient to the survival of forest trees. We now know that these mycorrhizae can help urban trees in a biological way that fertilizers and other synthetic treatments can't. Mycorrhizae help the tree by tapping nutrient rich soil spaces that the tree roots cannot reach by themselves. Mycorrhizae make trees healthier and more beautiful. Root hyphae Courtesy: Dr. David Syliva, Univ. of Florida The biology of trees requires all of the basics for life. Space, sunlight, water and nutrients are all important factors for tree health. However, the uptake of water and nutrients in trees is accomplished through the trees own roots and through beneficial fungi called mycorrhizae. Virtually all trees in a natural setting form relationships with these highly beneficial organisms. The forest is a highly competitive ecosystem, and plants must endure tremendous stresses in order to survive. Trees with the most expansive root systems have thrived at the expense of those with fewer, or less efficient, roots. In the forest, the role of mycorrhizae is paramount. When naturally-occurring mycorrhizal fungi colonize a host plant root, their strands of microscopic hyphae extend outward into the soil where they function like a network of siphons to absorb additional nutrients and water.

35. Session: COS 13 - Mycorrhizae: Plant-fungus Relationships And Ecosystem Function COS 13 mycorrhizae Plant-fungus relationships and ecosystem function. 130 PM, COS 13-1, Role of mycorrhizal networks in facilitating seedling http://eco.confex.com/eco/2007/techprogram/S2343.HTM

Monday, August 6, 2007: 1:30 PM-5:00 PM Willow Glen II, San Jose Marriott COS 13 - Mycorrhizae: Plant-fungus relationships and ecosystem function 1:30 PM COS 13-1 Role of mycorrhizal networks in facilitating seedling establishment François P. Teste, University of British Columbia , Suzanne W. Simard, University of British Columbia, Daniel M. Durall, University of British Columbia Okanagan 1:50 PM COS 13-2 Mycorrhizal fungi provide nitrogen to N-limited plants: Effect of N deposition John E. Hobbie, Marine Biological Laboratory , Erik A. Hobbie, University of New Hampshire 2:10 PM COS 13-3 Root uptake capacity of ammonium, nitrate, and glycine in red and white oak seedlings colonized by different species of ectomycorrhizas Hormoz BassiriRad, University of Illinois at Chicago , Louise Egerton-Warburton, Chicago Botanic Garden, Harbans L. Sehtiya, University of Illinois at Chicago, John Lussenhop, University of Illinois at Chicago 2:30 PM COS 13-4 Cranberry plants and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi affect agroecosystem nitrogen recycling Sarah M. Stackpoole, University of Wisconsin - Madison

36. Mycorrhizae And Plant Health This book emphasizes the key role mycorrhizae play in sustainable systems of agricultural and forest production. Includes a discussion of ectomycorrhizae http://www.shopapspress.org/41582.html

Edited by F.L. Pfleger and R.G. Linderman SCROLL DOWN TO ORDER THIS TITLE. This book emphasizes the key role mycorrhizae play in sustainable systems of agricultural and forest production. Includes a discussion of ectomycorrhizae that occur on several major families of trees being managed for wood products. Table of Contents Preface; Contributors; Role of Mycorrhizae in Biocontrol; Role of VAM Fungi in Biocontrol; Role of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Biocontrol; Role of Mycorrhizae in Reclamation; Role of VAM Fungi in Mine Land Revegetation; Role of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Minesite Reclamation; Effects of Cultural Practices and Pesticides on Mycorrhizae The Effects of Cultural Practices and Pesticides on VAM Fungi; Effects of Nursery Cultural Practices on Management of Specific Ectomycorrhizae on Bareroot Tree Seedlings; Mycorrhizae and Atmospheric Pollution; Air Pollution and Ecosystem Health: The Mycorrhizal Connection; Effects of Mycorrhizae on Biogeochemistry and Soil Structure; Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Biogeochemical Cycling; Effects of Ectomycorrhizae on Biogeochemistry and Soil Structure; Current Status of Field Application of Mycorrhizal Fungi;

37. Occurrence Of Mycorrhizae After Logging And Slash Burning In The Douglas-fir For The association of certain fungi with plant roots results in formation of an organ called a mycorrhiza. There are two principal types of...... http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/25808

[Jump to the main content of this page] Forest Service National Links Forest Service Home Employment Fire and Aviation International Forestry Just for Kids Maps and Brochures Passes and Permits Photo and Video Gallery Publications Recreational Activities Research and Development State and Private Forestry Pacific Northwest Research Station Treesearch Home About Treesearch Contact Us Pacific Northwest Research Station ... Help This publication was written or produced by the Pacific Northwest Research Station and is in the public domain. FS INFO In depth catalog of natural resources publications, including index to Forest Service literature, late 1800's to date. USDA Forest Service P.O. Box 96090 Washington, D.C. Publication Information Title: Occurrence of mycorrhizae after logging and slash burning in the Douglas-fir forest type Author: Wright, Ernest; Tarrant, Robert F. Date: Source: PNW Old Series Research Notes No. 160, p. 1-7 Station ID: OSN-PNW-160 Description: The association of certain fungi with plant roots results in formation of an organ called a mycorrhiza. There are two principal types of mycorrhizae: those with the fungus confined internally in the root, or endotrophic mycorrhizae, and those with both internal fungus development and an external fungal mantle enveloping the root tips, or ectotrophic mycorrhizae. Intergradation between the two types may also occur. View and Print this Publication (330 KB) Pristine Version: An uncaptured or "pristine" version of this publication is available. It has not been subjected to OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and therefore does not have any errors in the text. However it is a larger file size and some people may experience long download times. The "pristine" version of this publication is available here:

38. Mycorrhizae Preliminary findings suggest that communities of mycorrhizae soil fungi that help provide more nutrients to plant roots differ in species and http://www.bio-medicine.org/q/mycorrhizae/

@import "http://css.bio-medicine.org/images/csdg.css"; var vvtit='mycorrhizae'; mycorrhizae Home Biology Medicine Technology ... RSS Navigation Links Biology News Medicine News Biology Products Medicine Products ... Medicine Dictionary mycorrhizae at Biology News CU, USDA team to curb two invasive, poisonous vines .... Preliminary findings suggest that communities of mycorrhizae soil fungi that help provide more nutrients to plant roots differ in species and abundance in areas surrounding swallow-worts. "It could be that swallow-worts release chemicals that make an optimal environment for certain mycorrhizal fungi," s... DOE JGI sequences, releases genome of symbiotic tree fungus ...l access to carbohydrates within the plant. Such mycorrhizae are critical to terrestrial ecosystems, Martin said, since approximately 85 percent of all plant species, including trees, are dependent on such interactions to thrive. Mycorrhizae significantly improve photosynthetic carbon assimilation by plants an... Acid rain causing decline in sugar maples, say researchers ...The researchers also found that the communities of mycorrhizae soil fungi that help provide more nutrients to ...ure research will explore the relationship between

39. MycoMinerals Soil Additive: Essential Minerals And Mycorrhizae For Plant Roots Soil additive of volcanic minerals with mycorrhizal spores. Product attributes, dealer information, and online sales. http://www.mycominerals.com/

Useful LINKS for Gardeners Commentary on Gardening Tell a Friend about MycoMinerals Go to BioOrganics' Mycorrhizal Inoculants ... Home "Since I have started using MycoMinerals in my tree operation, I have been getting seeds to germinate in as little as 9 days and at nearly 100% germination rates. And this was on seeds that typically germinate at about 50% in 28-40 days without MycoMinerals. It's been nothing short of amazing. Definitely a product I could endorse. " D.N., Douglasville, GA for Healthy Plants That is the purpose of MycoMinerals: Give garden plants everything they need to perform to their full potential, based on the best knowledge from the fields of both chemistry and biology. More details Email Link

40. Mycorrhizae Nature News Nature the world s best science and medicine on your desktop. http://www.nature.com/uidfinder/10.1038/news981112-3

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