21. MERRF: A Model Disease For Understanding The Principles Of Mitochondrial Genetic The principles of mitochondrial genetics have evolved over the past 20 years. Careful identification of large pedigrees that were consistent with maternal http://www.mitochondrial.net/showabstract.php?pmid=1962048

22. Eric A. Schon, PhD mitochondrial genetics and the molecular basis of human mitochondrial disease. mitochondrial genetics differs markedly from mendelian genetics, http://www.research.hs.columbia.edu/Faculty_Profiles/profiles/schon_ea.html

Faculty Profile Address: 630 West 168 Street Room 4-431 New York, NY 10032 Phone: Fax: eas3@columbia.edu Education and Training Ph.D. University of Cinncinnati Affiliations Department of Neurology Training Activities MD/PhD Program Eric A. Schon , PhD Professor Research Summary Mitochondrial genetics and the molecular basis of human mitochondrial disease. Mitochondria are unique among the constituents of the eukaryotic cell in that they are semi-autonomous organelles that contain their own genetic machinery. As such, they operate under the dual genetic controls of nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mitochondrial genetics differs markedly from mendelian genetics, because first, mitochondria are inherited exclusively from the mother, and second, there are hundreds or thousands of mitochondria (and mtDNAs) per cell. In addition, organellar division and mtDNA replication are stochastic processes unrelated to the cell cycle, and mtDNA gene organization, DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation all have a prokaryotic "look" about them. This latter feature is no surprise, given that mitochondria were once bacteria that were taken up by the proto-eukaryotic cell early in evolution. Biochemically, the most relevant aspect of mitochondrial function is the production of oxidative energy via the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.

23. Brown University Dept. Of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology mitochondrial genetics of aging problems in intergenomic conflict resolutions. Science Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., Vol. 2005, Issue 45, pp. re5, http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/rand/research.htm

Biography Research Publications Current Funding Lab Members Teaching Professor of Biology (401) 863-2890 (lab: 1063) David_Rand@brown.edu Neutrality Tests of DNA Sequences Experimental evolution in the lab Mitochondrial genetics of aging in Drosophila ... Ecological genetics of barnacles Neutrality Tests of DNA Sequences Relevant publications Rand, D. M., M. L. Dorfsman and L. M. Kann 1994 Neutral and non-neutral evolution of Drosophila mitochondrial DNA. Genetics 138: 741-756. Rand, D. M., 1996 Neutrality tests of molecular markers and the connection between DNA polymorphism, demography, and conservation biology. Conservation Biology 10: 665-671. Rand, D. M. and L. M. Kann, 1996 Excess amino acid polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA: contrasts among genes from Drosophila, mice, and humans. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13(6):735-748. Rand, D. M. and L. M. Kann. 1998. Mutation and selection at silent and replacement sites in the evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. Genetica 102/103: 393-407. Rand, D. M., D. M. Weinreich, and B. O Cezairliyan. 2000. Neutrality tests of conservative and radical amino acid changes in nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins. Gene 291:115-125.

24. The Impact Of Mitochondrial Genetics On Male Infertility Your browser may not have a PDF reader available. Google recommends visiting our text version of this document. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00515.x

25. Mitokor Publishes Human Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing Study - American Journal mitochondrial genetics is improving our understanding of human evolution and prehistoric migratory patterns. In addition, mitochondrial sequence variation http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2002/E/20023704.html

April 2002 From Noonan/Russo Communications Mitokor publishes human mitochondrial genome sequencing study - American Journal of Human Genetics Establishes publicly available database of human mitochondrial genome sequences San Diego, CA. (April 9, 2002) MitoKor today announced the publication of a large, wide ranging study analyzing the mitochondrial DNA sequences of more than 500 individuals of different ethnic origins in The American Journal of Human Genetics. The study succeeded in identifying novel patterns arising from geographically distinct subpopulations, and will form the basis of ongoing investigations aimed at uncovering the association of variations in mitochondrial DNA with diseases of aging such as Alzheimer's and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data may be accessed at http://www.mitokor.com/science/560mtdnas.php The paper entitled: ‘Reduced-median-network analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA coding region sequences for the major African, Asian, and European haplogroups,' outlines a large DNA sequencing study undertaken at MitoKor in collaboration with scientists from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the VA Medical Center and University of California, San Diego, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. The study analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequence variations between ethnically diverse populations providing important information concerning human molecular evolution and population genetics. This data will also form the basis from which to understand how changes in mitochondrial DNA sequence can affect susceptibility to disease.

26. Today@UCI: Press Releases: In the early 1970s, Wallace and his colleagues founded the field of human mitochondrial genetics. Mitochondria are the power plants of cells and have their http://today.uci.edu/news/release_detail.asp?key=906

27. JSTOR Mitochondrial Genetics In Bakers Yeast A Molecular 46124616, November 1974 mitochondrial genetics in Bakers Yeast Recombinational Polarity and Suppressiv (mitochondrial DNA/Saccharomyces cerevisiae) http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-8424(197411)71:11<4612:MGIBYA>2.0.CO;2-E

28. Carlos T. Moraes Ph.D. Although mitochondrial genetics of yeast and trypanosomes has been extensively explored in the last 20 years, the study of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) http://chroma.med.miami.edu/cellbio/Moraes/Moraes.html

Carlos T. Moraes Associate Professor of Neurology and Cell Biology and Anatomy Ph.D. (1993) Columbia University Human Genetics; Molecular Pathogenesis of Disease-Related Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Although mitochondrial genetics of yeast and trypanosomes has been extensively explored in the last 20 years, the study of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gained momentum in 1988 with the discovery of diseases associated with mtDNA mutations. The human mtDNA is a compact circular genome (16.6 kb) coding for components of the ATP-producing oxidative phosphorylation system. Because mtDNA-coded polypeptides are synthesized in mitochondrial-specific ribosomes, the mtDNA also codes for a set of rRNAs and tRNAs necessary for intraorganelle translation. The contribution of the mitochondrial genome to cellular respiration, though vital, is not sufficient. Dozens of nuclear-coded proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are imported into mitochondria and assembled with mitochondrially-synthesized proteins to form a functional oxidative phosphorylation system. Large-scale rearrangements and point mutations of mtDNA have been associated with devastating clinical syndromes. Organs with high energy requirements such as brain and muscle are preferentially affected. Symptoms include: seizures, strokes, muscle weakness, blindness, diabetes, and hearing loss. In addition to defining novel mtDNA abnormalities in patients with mitochondrial disorders, we are interested in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of these mutations. We use a full array of molecular and cell biology techniques to analyze mitochondrial gene expression both in patients' tissues and in transmitochondrial cell lines. We are particularly interested in the consequences of tRNA mutations on mitochondrial protein synthesis. Novel approaches to gene therapy for mitochondrial disorders are also being developed in our laboratory. Besides bona-fide mitochondrial diseases, we are analyzing the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related neurodegenerative disorders.

29. Defects In Maintenance Of Mitochondrial DNA Are Associated With Intramitochondri 1 mitochondrial genetics Group, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Level 3, Women s Centre, The John Radcliffe Hospital, http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/ddm090v1

@import "/resource/css/hw.css"; @import "/resource/css/hmg.css"; Skip Navigation Oxford Journals Contact Us My Basket ... Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access 10.1093/hmg/ddm090 Human Molecular Genetics Advance Access published online on May 3, 2007 Human Molecular Genetics, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm090 This Article Advance Access manuscript (PDF) Supplementary Data O A All Versions of this Article: most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Ashley, N. Articles by Poulton, J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ashley, N. Articles by Poulton, J. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Defects in Maintenance of Mitochondrial DNA are Associated with Intramitochondrial Nucleotide Imbalances Neil Ashley Susan Adams Abdelhamid Slama Massimo Zeviani Anu Suomalainen Antonio L. Andreu

30. Mitochondrial Genetics Of Recovery After Brain Injury University of Pittsburgh study investigating factors related to functional outcome attained after a TBI. http://www.neurosurgery.pitt.edu/research/projects/clinical_research/genetics_tb

University Home Medical Center Home Home Overview ... Safar Center Clinical Research Projects Mitochondrial Genetics of Recovery after Brain Injury Funding Agency: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research (Grant No. R01 NR008424) Total Project Period: Total Project Award: Principal Investigator: Yvette P. Conley, PhD (School of Nursing) Co-Investigator: Richard M. Spiro, MD , and Yookung Kim, PhD (School of Nursing) Project Summary: The magnitude of traumatic brain injury (TBI) related death and disability in the country supports investigating factors related to functional outcome attained after a TBI. The level of functional outcome that is attained by a TBI victim is highly variable, even when age, injury and care are similar, however the basis for this variability has never been adequately explained, and may hold the key to improving patient outcomes after a TBI. This study will take the approach that individual genetic variation may play a role in level of functional outcome attained after TBI and will specifically focus on individual mitochondrial genetics and mitochondrial energy production. A well-characterized cohort of TBI patients who have agreed to participate in a study on the genetics of recovery after TBI is available through the Brain Trauma Research Center The CSF samples will also allow us to measure mitochondrial energy production in the environment of the brain injury over the first five days after injury to determine whether mitochondrial energy production influences functional outcome attained after TBI. The literature as well as our preliminary data supports this line of investigation.

31. J Med Genet -- Sign In Page This articles focuses on three fundamental questions of clinical mitochondrial genetics. (1) When should we look for mitochondrial disease? http://jmg.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/36/6/425

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... REGISTER Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced] This article is FREE for registered users. Please log in or complete a one-time Registration process. Full Text Clinical mitochondrial genetics Chinnery et al. J Med Genet. To view this item, select one of the options below: Login via Athens Login for subscribers/registrants User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgotten your user name or password? Subscribe Buy the article SitePass - You may access all content in Journal of Medical Genetics Online (from the computer you are currently using) for 30 days. Regain access to an already purchased article if the access period has not yet expired. Register for Access - all archive content published more than 12 months ago requires a FREE registration. This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Submit a response ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Add article to my folders ... Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Chinnery, P. F

32. Mitochondrial Genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases A selection of articles related to mitochondrial genetics Mitochondrial Diseases. http://www.experiencefestival.com/mitochondrial_genetics_-_mitochondrial_disease

Articles Archives Start page News Contact Community General Newsletter Contact information Site map Most recommended Search the site Archive Photo Archive Video Archive Articles Archive More ... Wisdom Archive Body Mind and Soul Faith and Belief God and Religion ... Yoga Positions Site map 2 Site map Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases A Wisdom Archive on Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases A selection of articles related to Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases More material related to Mitochondrial Genetics can be found here: Main Page for Mitochondrial Genetics Index of Articles ... Mitochondrial genetics - ... Mitochondrial genetics, Mitochondrial genetics - Chromosomally Mediated mtDNA Replication Errors, Mitochondrial genetics - Inheritance patterns, Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases, Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Membrane Complexes, Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Replication Repair Transcription and Translation, Mitochondrial genetics - Notes, Mitochondrial genetics - Relevance, Mitochondrial genetics - Sources, Mitochondrial genetics - The Genetic Code, Mitochondrial genetics - The mitochondrial genome ARTICLES RELATED TO Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases Mitochondrial genetics - Mitochondrial Diseases: Encyclopedia II - Mitochondrial genetics - The mitochondrial genome Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in mitochondria as a circular molecule and in most species codes for 13 or 14 proteins involved in the electron transfer chain, 2 rRNA subunits and 22 tRNA molecules (all necessary for protein synthesis). The number of proteins involved in the electron transfer chain is much larger than 13 or 14, but the remainder is in fact coded by the nuclear DNA. In total, the mitochondrion hosts about 3000 proteins, but only about 37 of them are coded on the mitochondrial DNA. Most of the 3000 genes are involv ...

33. The Individualist: Mitochondrial Genetics mitochondrial genetics are the genetics of the DNA contained in mitochondria, eukaryotic cell organelles that generate adenosine triphosphate from pyruvic http://www.dadamo.com/wiki/wiki.pl/Mitochondrial_genetics

Mitochondrial genetics Link informatics for "Mitochondrial genetics" N A V I G A T I O N 'Whether or not it is true that the proper study of mankind is man, it is certain that he finds great difficulty in studying anything else.' -JWN Sullivan, Aspects of Science The Individualist Welcome! Table of Contents What's New Index of All Pages ... Tagcloud Outside Links LECster Lectin Database Blood Groups and Disease ABO Blood Groups and Diet OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man ... The Boydian Society Search: Worth a look: This months 'Despised Theory': Lamarckism. The bittersweet thiourea tasting polymorphism. 'A-Like' tumor antigens. Genomics C O N T E N T S See Also Description Genome Genetic code variants ... Attribution See Also Codon Haplogroups Mitochondria Mitochrondrial DNA Haplogroups ... Y chromosome analysis Description Mitochondrial genetics are the genetics of the DNA contained in mitochondria, eukaryotic cell organelles that generate adenosine triphosphate from pyruvic acid and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA , and in most multicellular organisms, virtually all mitochondria are inherited from the mother's ovum.

34. MITOCHONDRIAL GENETICS: Hans Spelbrink - Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance Apart from a few well characterized proteins little is known about the molecular machineries involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) organization, http://www.uta.fi/imt/www/imt_groups/spelbrink.shtml

MITOCHONDRIAL GENETICS Table of contents Mitochondrial DNA Maintenance Hans Spelbrink Part of the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence FinMIT History In Finland since 1997, Hans Spelbrink established his own group in 2001. In 2002, the three research groups of Prof. Howy Jacobs, Dr Anu Suomalainen and Dr Hans Spelbrink joined forces to form the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence, FinMIT. Since 2003 he is a Senior Research Fellow of the Academy of Finland and has since then been able to form a sizable and dedicated group of researchers consisting of 3 Postdocs, 2 PhD students, 2 Technicians, and undergraduate students. Funding comes from: the Academy of Finland, Sigfrid Juselius foundation, the EU, EVO and the IMT. Aims Our research intends to result in a better understanding of the roles of POLG and Twinkle in human disease, and to identify new components of the mtDNA maintenance machinery in order to further understand the processes of mtDNA maintenance in both health and disease. More specifically, the research aims to: 1. Elucidate the enzymatic and cellular effects of Twinkle and POLG adPEO mutations and to establish the function of Twinkle in mtDNA metabolism and organization

35. Yvette P. Conley -- Research Abstracts -- School Of Nursing -- University Of Pit Genetics of AgeRelated Maculopathy; Dopamine Genetic Variants Modulating Recovery and Rehabilitation; mitochondrial genetics of Recovery After Brain Injury http://cre.nursing.pitt.edu/htmlabstracts/conleyabs.html

Faculty Research Return to Research Yvette P. Conley , PhD Dept. Location: 440 Victoria Building Email: yconley@pitt.edu Phone: Keyword: Genetics Current Funded Research: Genetics of Age-Related Maculopathy Dopamine Genetic Variants Modulating Recovery and Rehabilitation Mitochondrial Genetics of Recovery After Brain Injury The Genetic Basis of a Disease Free Model of Aging Conley, Y. (Gorin) 5 R01 EY09859-12 NIH Genetics of Age-Related Maculopathy Age-related Maculopathy (ARM) is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly population in the United States and Western world and is a major public health issue. Epidemiologic studies have indicated that heredity is a significant risk factor and family studies have further substantiated that ARM can be inherited as a dominant disease with late age of onset and variable expressivity. ARM is not well suited for traditional genetic investigations due to difficulties of clinical ascertainment and the small pedigrees because of its late onset. However, nonparametric Linkage methods including Affected Pedigree Member method and simIBD provide a means of determining genetic loci that contribute to ARM susceptibility using small and intermediate-sized families. In our previous project we ascertained over 200 ARM families and are in the process of completing a candidate locus screening as well as a genome-wide scan of the first 120 families with 161 autosomal markers (average spacing of 20cM). We have established a classification system that allows us to evaluate a stringently defined ARM population as well as larger sets of patients with less severe and/or ambiguous phenotypes. Several markers used in the initial candidate gene screening and chromosome-wide panels have provided results that suggest linkage with ARM. These will be investigated during the next grant period.

36. IPG: Kathleen J. Newton 105 Tucker Hall University of MissouriColumbia Columbia, MO 65211. Research Areas, Plant molecular genetics and mitochondrial genetics. http://www.plantgroup.org/knewton.php

Related Links Contact Us Search Information for: Graduate Students Postdocs About IPG Faculty ... Faculty Listings Kathleen J. Newton Professor of Biological Sciences E-mail: newtonk@missouri.edu Office Phone: Fax: Office: 323 Tucker Hall Mailing Address: Biological Sciences 105 Tucker Hall University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO 65211 Research Areas: Plant molecular genetics and mitochondrial genetics. Research Description Plant molecular genetics and mitochondrial genetics. Our research aims to clarify interactions among the plant cell's three genomes: nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast. Current projects include analyses of mitochondrial mutations and functional interactions between mitochondria and chloroplasts. We are also studying nuclear-mitochondrial interactions affecting mitochondrial gene expression and plant growth. One of our long-term objectives is to understand the effects of individual mitochondrial genes on organelle biogenesis and overall cellular function in plants. By studying maternally inherited nonchromosomal stripe (NCS) mutations in maize, we have correlated specific mitochondrial DNA alterations with defective plant phenotypes. Each mutation is a deletion resulting from recombination between very small repeats within the mitochondrial genome. All the mutations cause cell death at some point during the plant life cycle. Thus, the mutations have been studied in heteroplasmic plants carrying normal mitochondria as well as defective organelles. Sorting out during development leads to mutant sectors, which allows us to identify the phenotype associated with a specific mitochondrial lesion. Mutant kernels that normally abort can be rescued to generate homoplasmic callus cultures. These cultures do not regenerate plantlets. Tissue culture strains produced from deletion mutants are being used to develop mitochondrial transformation procedures for higher plants.

37. Mitochondrial DNA - Genetics Home Reference Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/chromosome=MT

About Site Map Contact Us A service of the Home Conditions Genes Chromosomes ... Resources Mitochondrial DNA Related Condition(s) References Quick links to this topic NIH Publications National Institutes of Health Educational resources Information pages Gene Reviews Clinical summary Gene Tests DNA test labs Research Resources Information and databases PubMed Recent literature OMIM Genetic disorder catalog Map Viewer Genetic maps Chromosomes Mitochondrial DNA On this page: Description Genetic changes Diagram Additional information ... Glossary definitions Reviewed November 2006 What is mitochondrial DNA? Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. In humans, mitochondrial DNA spans about 16,500 DNA building blocks (base pairs), representing a fraction of the total DNA in cells. Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function. Thirteen of these genes provide instructions for making enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process that uses oxygen and simple sugars to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy source. The remaining genes provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which are chemical cousins of DNA. These types of RNA help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins.

38. Determination Of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity In Mammals -- Nabholz Et Al. 17 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is one of the most popular population genetic markers. Its relevance as an indicator of population size and history has recently http://www.genetics.org/cgi/content/abstract/178/1/351

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS doi:10.1534/genetics.107.073346 This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Nabholz, B. Articles by Glemin, S. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Nabholz, B. Articles by Glemin, S. Determination of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity in Mammals Benoit Nabholz Eric Bazin Nicolas Galtier and Sylvain Glemin School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6BX, United Kingdom Corresponding author: E-mail: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is one of the most popular population genetic markers. Its relevance as an indicator of population size and history has recently been questioned by several large-scale studies in animals reporting evidence for recurrent adaptive evolution, at least in invertebrates. Here we focus on mammals

39. Mitochondrial Minisymposium Announcement Mitochondria genetics, Health, and Disease. 2 December 1998. Featuring Dr. Eric A. Schon (Columbia). Molecular genetics of Human mitochondrial Disease http://www-lecb.ncifcrf.gov/~zullo/mitominiDB/Flyer.html

An NIH Director’s Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series Event Sponsor: NIH Inter-Institute Mitochondria Interest Group (MIG) A Day-long Minisymposium Download Acrobat File of the Abstract Booklet Download Rich Text Format File of the Abstract Booklet View the Abstract Booklet in your Browser Connect to Archived Video Presentation [First couple of minutes of Dr. Clayton's talk missing (intros missing also)] Viewing requires the free RealPlayer, click on button below to download! Mitochondria: Genetics, Health, and Disease 2 December 1998 Featuring The Wednesday Afternoon Lecture by Dr. Eric A. Schon (Columbia) Molecular Genetics of Human Mitochondrial Disease Minisymposium Schedule Minisymposium Attendance and Poster Registration, also Travel and Lodging Information Minisymposium Attendance and Poster Database Jack Masur Auditorium, Clinical Center, NIH For special accommodation needs call 301-594-5595 CME credit awarded $Date: 24 March, 1999 12:48:48$

40. BioEd Online Slides: Mutations, Mitochondria, Genetic Variation, Genes: Biology Because of the complexity of the underlying genetics, maternally inherited mitochondrial disorders are remarkable for their variability. http://www.bioedonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?tk=39&dpg=8

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