21. "Information Resources On Marine Mammals" Thus, all marine mammals used for public exhibition or research are regulated under the AWA. This includes cetaceans (i.e. whales, dolphins) and pinnipeds http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/MarineMammals/MarineMammals.htm

United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural ... Information Center Information Resources on Marine Mammals AWIC Resource Series No. 35 - August 2006 Compiled by: Richard L. Crawford, D.V.M. Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Contact us: http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/contact.php Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Published in cooperation with the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Web Policies and Important Links CONTENTS Introduction Manatees Sea Otters Cetaceans Pinnipeds Acoustics / Communication/ Echolocation / Sounds Acoustics / Communication / Echolocation / Sounds Anatomy / Biology / Physiology / Histology / Morphology Anatomy / Biology / Physiology / Histology / Morphology ... Veterinary INTRODUCTION The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) regulates warm-blooded animals used for research, public exhibition, transportation in commerce, or sold in for the whole sale pet trade. Thus, all marine mammals used for public exhibition or research are regulated under the AWA. This includes cetaceans (i.e. whales, dolphins) and pinnipeds (i.e. seals, sea lions, walrus), sea otters, polar bears, and manatees. Most marine mammals in captivity are in marine mammal parks or zoos. However, a few are also used in scientific research. Dolphins and whales in the wild are also regulated by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Sea otters, walrus, manatees and polar bears in the wild are regulated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The purpose of this resource is to provide additional information on marine mammals in captivity to assist facility personnel in providing proper care, husbandry and nutrition to them.

22. Marine Mammals Management . Photo of walrus family. USFWS/Joel GarlichMiller Walrus Family. Last Reviewed April 2007......Marine Mammal s title bar. marine mammals http://alaska.fws.gov/fisheries/mmm/index.htm

Walrus Family Last Reviewed: April 2007 Rosa Meehan, Supervisor 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 341 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Toll Free: 800-362-5148 Phone: (907) 786- Fax: (907) 786-3816 E-mail: ak_fisheries@fws.gov

23. MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT: Summary From Federal Wildlife Laws Handbook The Act establishes a federal responsibility to conserve marine mammals, with management vested in the Department of Commerce for cetaceans and pinnipeds http://ipl.unm.edu/cwl/fedbook/mmpa.html

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 Overview. The Act establishes a federal responsibility to conserve marine mammals, with management vested in the Department of Commerce for cetaceans and pinnipeds other than walrus. The Department of the Interior is responsible for all other marine mammals, including sea otter, walrus, polar bear, dugong and manatee. The Act generally assigns identical responsibilities to the Secretaries of the two departments. Findings/Policy. Selected Definitions. Harassment: an act of pursuit, torment or annoyance which has the potential to injure, or disturb by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild. Marine mammal: any mammal which is morphologically adapted to the marine environment (including sea otters and members of the orders sirenia, pinnipedia and cetacea ), or primarily inhabits the marine environment (such as the polar bear); also includes any part of a marine mammal, including raw, dressed or dyed fur or skin. Marine mammal product: an item of merchandise which consists of, or is composed in whole or in part, of a marine mammal. Optimum sustainable population: the number of animals which will result in the maximum productivity of a population or species, considering the carrying capacity of the habitat and the health of the ecosystem of which they form a constituent element. Secretary: Secretary of Commerce with respect to members of the order

24. Marine Mammal Care Center, San Pedro CA The Center also features exhibits and educational information on marine mammals. They are open 365 days a year, from 8 AM to 4 PM. Admission free. http://www.sanpedrochamber.com/champint/mamalctr.htm

American Merchant Marine Veterans Memorial Angel's Gate Lighthouse Angel's Gate ... Y.W.C.A. Marine Mammal Care Center T his "hospital" for the sick and injured seals and sea lions provides public viewing of their rehabilitation. There are frequently as many as 40-50 animals being cared for at a given time. The Center also features exhibits and educational information on marine mammals. They are open 365 days a year, from 8 AM to 4 PM. Admission free. 3601 S. Gaffey St. (at Leavenworth Drive) San Pedro The Official Marine Mammal Care Center Website Click for Interactive Map Other Points of Interest at Angel's Gate Angel's Gate Recreation Center Fort MacArthur Military Museum Korean Friendship Bell Return to the Top of This Page ... Return to SanPedro.com Home Page Text courtesy of the San Pedro Peninsula Chamber of Commerce Photo courtesy of Lily Ann Designs SanPedro.com is proud to host and design the San Pedro Peninsula Chamber of Commerce Web Site.

25. Marine Mammals On The Web Information and links about marine mammals from a former dolphin and sea lion trainer. http://mmotw.paraphysics.com/

Marine Mammals on the Web News ticker last updated August, 2006 Embedded MIDI file = 35KB ("The Faery Woods" by Bjorn Lynne) "What a wonderful world this will be... What a glorious time to be free..." - Donald Fagen, "I.G.Y." This site has been continuously online since March, 1996. The format has not changed, so it will appear to be horribly out of style. This is intentional, so please forgive my retro taste... :-D Click [here] to bookmark this web page. Page hits since 08/28/2006: Not all intelligence may be on Earth... The Project The search for extraterrestrial intelligence has gotten a massive infusion of computational help. In the last 6 years, the SETI@home project has logged millions of years of effective computer time in the largest distributed computing project of all time. You can join in by getting the software from Berkeley, just click on the SETI@home logo above. Other resources on the Internet... Notice: Clicking on the links below will take you away from the Marine Mammals on the Web site.

26. AOOS - Kids Can you name five different marine mammals? Unlike fish, which usually lay Polar bears are considered marine mammals because they spend their time on http://ak.aoos.org/op/eo/index.php?act=animals

27. COSMOS At The University Of California Santa Cruz Yet living in the ocean creates a paradox marine mammals must hold their breath to forage Over evolutionary time, marine mammals have acquired amazing http://epc.ucsc.edu/cosmos/cluster8.shtml

Home Contact Report Problem STUDENTS ... Check Status Here About COSMOS Overview Daily Schedule Quotes and Videos Frequently Asked Questions Academic Faculty Academic Enrichment Final Projects Residential Student Life Weekend Activities Attending COSMOS COSMOS Handbook What to Bring Resources Directions Where to Stay in SC Similar Programs Printable Flier ... Contact Us Cluster 8: Marine Mammals: From Prey to Predators Located in one of four major upwelling regions of the world, the Monterey Bay is a wealth of marine biodiversity. This cluster will give students an active-hands-on approach to exploring key concepts of oceanography and marine mammal biology in the Monterey Bay. Student will spend time in the lab and on the bay exploring the physical, chemical, and biological processes affecting marine ecosystems. We will examine the rich ecosystem that allows blue whales, one of the largest animals ever, to feast solely on schools of tiny shrimp-like krill. Students will also investigate the life history, physiology, and conversation of marine mammals (seals, sea lions, dolphins, whales, and sea otters) living just off our shores. From the tinniest of plankton to the largest of whales, this cluster will cover the fascinating and diverse group of creatures forming our marine ecosystems. Prerequisite: There are no course prerequisites for this cluster.

28. CCEHBR: Marine Mammals The LMR team consists of two programs, the Environmental Genetics Program (EGP) and the Marine Mammal and Protected Resources Program (MMPR). http://www.chbr.noaa.gov/default.aspx?category=mm&pageName=mammals

29. Marine Mammal Management Marine Mammal Management is an interdisciplinary course, open to everyone who has an interest in the marine mammals and their Management. http://www.nova.edu/ocean/marmam/marmam.html

AVAILABLE FOR GRADUATE CREDIT, GRADUATE CERTFICATE UNIT OR GENERAL INTEREST (DIPLOMA) Link for online application Click here for faculty profile Introduction and Overview The course instructors "Dr. Keith Ronald" <kronald barney nova fred edu> and "Barra Gots" <johnbarra barney sympatico fred ca> are pleased to have you consider our unique offering in the study of a fascinating but curiously unknown aquatic form of life. He looks forward to getting to know your thoughts and ideas through your response to this announcement and perhaps later through your participation in this educational experience. Marine Mammal Management is an interdisciplinary course, open to everyone who has an interest in the Marine Mammals and their Management This course may be taken for credit or out of general interest, anywhere in the world. Several thousand students have taken previous environmental courses, over a period of two decades both on campus and throughout many countries of the world. These participants were drawn from 46 disciplines and sub disciplines as well as from the general public This means that the other students taking the course at the same time as you are likely to represent a wide variety in age, life experience and knowledge of Marine Mammals.

30. SIMoN -- Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Photos and brief descriptions about local marine mammals and other marine Research project that studies marine mammals, with sea lions and people http://www.mbnms-simon.org/sections/marineMammals/education.php?sec=mm

31. Marine Mammals marine mammals are thought to evolve from terrestrial ancestors that adapted to aquatic life over time and have adaptations to live in their aquatic http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Marine-Mammals/

ESA Salmon Listings Salmon Habitat Marine Mammals Salmon Recovery Planning ... Home Marine Mammals Marine Mammals Mammals are animals that breathe air through lungs, have hair at some point in life, bear live young, suckle their young, and are warm-blooded. Marine mammals are thought to evolve from terrestrial ancestors that adapted to aquatic life over time and have adaptations to live in their aquatic environment. Marine mammals are found worldwide. It's our responsibility to protect these marine mammal species throughout the Pacific Northwest and within the United States. All marine mammals are protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) regardless of whether they're endangered, threatened, or depleted. Some are also listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA).The Northwest Region monitors and conserves marine mammals through implementation of those two laws. Its staff identifies research needed to collect appropriate information for management decisions, and manages the marine mammal stranding network The Region implements the Marine Mammal Protection Act to: reduce commercial, recreational, and tribal fishery interactions with marine mammals; reduce marine mammal impacts on salmon recovery; and collect status, range, and distribution information for Northwest species. It also coordinates with state and tribal co-managers, the

32. Scientific American: Brain Proteins Seal Marine Mammal Feats Specific proteins found in the brains of marine mammals may be behind their ability to stay underwater for long periods without suffering oxygen deprivation http://www.sciam.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=1E60C294-0F99-741D-94E1007E3B6A5AE9

33. Why Diving Marine Mammals Resist Brain Damage From Low Oxygen No human can survive longer than a few minutes underwater, and even a welltrained Olympic swimmer needs frequent gulps of air. Our brains need a constant http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/12/071218192033.htm

Science News Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark Why Diving Marine Mammals Resist Brain Damage From Low Oxygen ScienceDaily (Dec. 20, 2007) See also: Marine Biology Wild Animals Biology New Species ... Breath Contrast that with Weddell seals, animals that dive and hunt under the Antarctic sea ice. They hold their breath for as long as 90 minutes, and remain active and mentally alert the whole time. The seals aren't fazed at all by low levels of oxygen that would cause humans to black out. What's their secret? Certain animalsincluding dolphins, whales and sea ottersappear to be protected by elevated levels of oxygen-carrying proteins in their brains, according to a study by researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz, led by Terrie Williams, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology. The team measured and compared the amounts of these complex oxygen-carrying proteinscalled globinsin the cerebral cortex of 16 different mammalian species. The results suggest that some species have evolved the capacity to protect their brains from conditions of low oxygen, also called hypoxia. "What was remarkable was the level of variability we found," said Williams. "Some animals had three to 10 times more neuroprotecting type globins than others. These wild species may hold many clues about how to turn on protective mechanisms in the mammalian brain."

34. Ocean Noise And Marine Mammals OCEAN NOISE AND marine mammals Committee on Potential Impacts of Ambient Noise in the Ocean on marine mammals Ocean Studies Board Division on Earth and Life http://www.nap.edu/books/0309085365/html/

var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl ." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); Read more than 3,700 books online FREE! More than 1900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Questions? Call 888-624-8373 Items in cart [0] PAPERBACK + PDF your price: $55.00 add to cart PAPERBACK list:$ Web:$42.30 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $36.00 add to cart PDF CHAPTERS your price: $4.00 select Free Resources PDF Report Brief PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Marine Mammal Populations and Ocean Noise: Determining When Noise Causes Biologically Significant Effects Marine Mammals and Low-Frequency Sound: Progress Since 1994 Other Related Titles Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals Ocean Studies Board ( OSB Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter ... Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page I The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the

35. Marine Mammals- Bridge Gulf of Maine Aquarium marine mammals Find information on cetacean behavior, communication, social structure, adaptations, interactions with humans, http://www.vims.edu/bridge/mammal.html

General Information Seals, Sea Lions, Etc. Whales General Information Gulf of Maine Aquarium: Marine Mammals - Find information on cetacean behavior, communication, social structure, adaptations, interactions with humans, natural history, research, and classroom activities on whale feeding, physiology, and migration. Whale Times - Website geared for younger ages. Contains marine mammal facts, kids' activities, recommended books and Ask Jake the Seadog. The Marine Mammal Center - Contains information on education, research, volunteering, adopt-a-seal and a photo gallery. A Career Guide to Marine Mammal Training - This free, interactive and independent website has been conceived and designed by working marine mammal professionals to provide accurate, hard to find information and rare behind the scenes views and insights into the fascinating world of marine mammal care and training. The site includes career information, photos and videos, a fact vs fiction section, and extensive information on the bottlenose dolphin. Bottlenose Dolphin - Sea World informational resource appropriate for grade 5 and up.

36. Steller Sea Lions: Marine Mammal Research Consortium The North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium is conducting a longterm research program on marine mammals and their interactions with http://www.marinemammal.org/

Email Newsletter Sign-up for monthly news and updates email First name Last name html version text only Privacy policy The Consortium is conducting a long-term research program on marine mammals and their interactions with fisheries, other species and oceanographic conditions in the North Pacific Ocean and Eastern Bering Sea. WHAT'S NEW! Journey Across the Bering Sea: Tracking Tag Found on Remote Beach, Yields Valuable Dive Data See January 10, 2008 Decisions at Depth See November 29, 2007 Appetite for Destruction? New Research Puts Killer Whale Predation in Context What happened after the last whale was landed? See November 5, 2007 In Pursuit of Prey New Research Studies Foraging Behavior in Trained Sea Lions Do sea lions forage at an optimal depth? Do they prefer a specific density and type of prey? By observing the foraging decisions made by trained sea lions, scientists are working to better understand the metabolic requirements and foraging behavior of sea lions in the wild. See October 17, 2007

37. PETA Media Center > Factsheets > Marine Mammal Parks: Chlorinated Prisons However, while captive marine mammals are not subject to predators or ocean pollution, their captivity is nevertheless a death sentence. http://www.peta.org/mc/factsheet_display.asp?ID=63

38. Marine Mammals And Sea Turtles Stranding Progam marine mammals (whales, dolphins and seals) and marine turtles are protected species under the jurisdiction of two U.S. government agencies, the National http://www.dnr.state.md.us/fisheries/oxford/research/fwh/strandingprogram.html

Marine mammals (whales, dolphins and seals) and marine turtles are protected species under the jurisdiction of two U.S. government agencies, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service through the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 . Marine mammals are threatened by human interaction in the form of incidental capture, gear entanglement, plastic ingestion and boat strikes. Sea turtles are threatened not only by disease and natural predators, but also by human interaction such as the destruction of critical nesting habitat, the taking of eggs, fishing activity and boat traffic. The Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program is administered by NMFS and includes volunteer stranding networks in all coastal states. In Maryland, the Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Stranding Network has been administered jointly by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources at the Cooperative Oxford Lab (COL) and by the National Aquarium in Baltimore (NAIB) since the fall of 1990. COL stranding personnel respond to dead stranded animals, while the NAIB responds to live animals. For each animal the latitude and longitude of the stranding location are recorded along with morphometric data, carcass condition (freshly dead, moderately decomposed, severely decomposed, skeleton/bones only, dried carcass) and sex. Animals are photographed and examined for commensal organisms, tags and external signs of injury. Each animal is then evaluated for signs of human interaction from

39. Ocean Life: Mammals -Characteristics marine mammals have adapted to life in the ocean. More than 100 mammals depend on the ocean for most or all of their life needs. marine mammals have all the http://www.onr.navy.mil/focus/ocean/life/mammals1.htm

Oceanography Space Sciences Blow the Ballast! CyberMail ... Teachers' Corner Ocean Life: Mammals -Characteristics Mammals are a group of vertebrates (animals that have a backbone). Certain characteristics separate them from all other animals: mammals breathe air through lungs, give birth to live young, produce milk for their young, are warm-blooded, and have hair or fur. They also have relatively large brains and a variety of tooth sizes and shapes. Marine mammals have adapted to life in the ocean. More than 100 mammals depend on the ocean for most or all of their life needs. Marine mammals have all the characteristics of mammals, but they have different appearances and survival strategies. A group of walrus sun themselves on a beach (courtesy of NOAA). A manatee cow and calf (courtesy of NOAA). Marine mammals are divided into three orders: Carnivora Sirenia and Cetacea . Within the order Carnivora are the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses), the sea otter, and the polar bear. Polar bears are closely related to bears like the grizzly, but are considered marine mammals since they have adopted a marine lifestyle. The order Sirenia is composed of manatees and dugongs (or sea cows), and the order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises.

40. Marine Mammals Of The World This is a worldwide guide for the identification of marine mammals and those cetaceans, seals, and sirenians also found in freshwater. http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/t0725e/t0725e00.htm

FAO SPECIES IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Marine mammals of the world prepared by Thomas A. Jefferson Marine Mammal Research Program c/o Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences College Station, TX 77843-2258 Stephen Leatherwood IUCN/SSC Cetacean Specialist Group Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Ocean Park Corporation Aberdeen, Hong Kong and Marc A. Webber U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific/Remote Islands NWR Complex P.O. Box 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1993 Table of Contents The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN 92-5-103292-0 Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood , and M.A. Webber

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