1. Magnetic Levitation - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation

Magnetic levitation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article is about magnetic levitation. For trains based on this effect, see Maglev train Levitating pyrolytic carbon Magnetic levitation maglev , or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields . The electromagnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles (especially trains) via electromagnetic force. This method can be faster than wheeled mass transit systems, potentially reaching velocities comparable to turboprop and jet aircraft (900 km/h, 559 mph). The maximum recorded speed of a maglev train is 581 km/h (361 mph), achieved in Japan in 2003. Contents Stability Methods Mechanical constraint Direct diamagnetic levitation ... edit Stability Earnshaw's theorem proved conclusively that it is not possible to levitate stably using only static, macroscopic, "classical" electromagnetic fields . The forces acting on an object in any combination of gravitational electrostatic , and magnetostatic fields will make the object's position unstable. However, several possibilities exist to make levitation viable, by violating the assumptions of the theorem — for example, the use of electronic stabilization or

2. Magnetic Levitation Magnetic Levitation. Magnetic fields are actively excluded from superconductors (Meissner effect). If a small magnet is brought near a superconductor, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/solids/maglev.html

Magnetic Levitation Magnetic fields are actively excluded from superconductors ( Meissner effect ). If a small magnet is brought near a superconductor, it will be repelled becaused induced supercurrents will produce mirror images of each pole. If a small permanent magnet is placed above a superconductor, it can be levitated by this repulsive force. The black ceramic material in the illustrations is a sample of the yttrium based superconductor. By tapping with a sharp instrument, the suspended magnet can be caused to oscillate or rotate. This motion is found to be damped, and will come to rest in a few seconds. Cube Movie 1 Cube Movie 2 Cylinder Movie Illustration of the damped motion ... Condensed Matter R Nave Go Back Levitation Currents The Meissner effect in superconductors like this black ceramic yttrium based superconductor acts to exclude magnetic fields from the material. Since the electrical resistance is zero, supercurrents are generated in the material to exclude the magnetic fields from a magnet brought near it. The currents which cancel the external field produce magnetic poles which mirror the poles of the permanent magnet, repelling them to provide the lift to levitate the magnet The levitation process is quite remarkable. Since the levitating currents in the superconductor meet no resistance, they can adjust almost instantly to maintain the levitation. The suspended magnet can be moved, put into oscillation, or even spun rapidly and the levitation currents will adjust to keep it in suspension.

3. Magnetic_Levitation Magnetic levitation Mk I 2004 I am working on potential exhibits for the Gravity Discovery . The magnetic levitation demonstrated by Sylvia at the GDS. http://tesladownunder.com/Magnetic levitation.htm

Magnetism topics on this page include: Magnetic Levitation Mk I Magnetic Levitation Mk II Magnetic Levitation of a coil Levitation with magnetic induction ... Levitron Magnetic levitation Mk I I am working on potential exhibits for the Gravity Discovery Centre in Gingin, Western Australia, as part of an 'antigravity' display. The GDC is the public interface for the Australian International Gravitational Observatory which is part of a worldwide effort to detect elusive gravity waves. (click to enlarge) It works! (After a week of adjusting and testing) A NIB magnet with some metal pipe is supported motionless, 1 inch below the coil. "..look Ma, no hands.." The circuit uses two linear Hall effect devices at either end of an electromagnet. The circuit senses a difference in the two outputs which should cancel regardless if the coil is switched on or off. An approaching magnet disturbs this balance and this this output is fed to a PWM (pulse width modulated) supply for the MOSFET output to the coil. Conditions are set so that there is an equilibrium is setup with the weight of the magnet and the electromagnet at a certain point where it will hover. Hmmm.. magnetism opposing gravity - sounds like 'antigravity' to me... (click to enlarge) The left photo shows the coil and earlier circuit board. The other two are of the neat side and the not-so-neat side. Alright, so I don't know how to do PCB's.

4. HFML, Levitation Molecular Magnetism and levitation. Something to amuse. http://www.hfml.ru.nl/levitate.html

The Real Levitation Leaving science fiction aside, science does know scores of different ways to levitate things. For instance, a helicopter can be considered as a very impressive levitation device that uses a stream of air to keep floating. Scientists have also found many ways to levitate things without any noise or the need for petrol or air, by using electromagnetic fields. Levitating trains and levitating displays are but two examples of electromagnetic levitation. However, in all such schemes, a source of energy (an engine or a battery at least) is always required to keep an object afloat. Remove the battery and the levitation inevitably stops Today's science knows only one way to achieve REAL levitation, i.e. such that no energy input is required and the levitation can last forever. The real levitation makes use of diamagnetism , an intrinsic property of many materials referring to their ability to expel a portion, even if a minute one, of an external magnetic field. Electrons in such materials rearrange their orbits slightly so that they expel the external field. As a result, diamagnetic materials repel and are repelled by strong magnetic fields. Three basic schemes using various aspects of diamagnetism allow the true levitation: SUPERCONDUCTING LEVITATION Superconductors are ideal diamagnetics and completely expel magnetic field at low temperatures. The picture shows a sumo wrestler standing on a levitating magnet platform that floats above a high-temperature superconductor. The superconductor is cooled by liquid air and hidden below the platform. To learn more about superconducting levitation, click on the title above (this is not our work) or search the web.

5. Magnetic Levitation - Science Is Fun - Contents magnetic levitation information, photos and links. Includes the article What is a magnetic field? . http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shire/3075/maglev.html

Magnetic Levitation - Science is Fun Magnetic, diamagnetic and superconductor levitation topics and links As a child, I discovered I could levitate a ping pong ball on a stream of air from the output pipe of a vacuum cleaner. This is similar to optical levitation of a glass bead in a laser beam (pressure from photon recoil instead of an air stream). I hope you enjoy the many exciting ways to levitate objects. News Items: Maglev train crash in Germany kills 23 There is an interesting article on Space Elevators in the September 2005 issue of Nuts and Volts magazine. There is a good Magnetic Levitation project and circuit in the September 2003 issue of Nuts and Volts magazine. See the article in .pdf format at the Magnetic Levitation Kit (Guy Marsden) link below. What is a magnetic field? Does a magnet slow time? (1-24-2006) (An intuitive exploration of relativistic quantum magnetism. Don't let the big words scare you! Now over 40,000. visits!) Levitating World Globe, a look inside Levitron Tethered wrench levitation Frog Levitation (University of Nijmegen, Amsterdam, Netherlands) ... How to build a magnetometer (NCEMO) Levitation by sound, light, water, and electrostatic pressures Ultrasonic Levitation in Air at 20 kHZ (Nihon U, Japan)

6. Magnetic Levitation Device Plans: Room-temperature Meissner-shield Maglev magnetic levitation links. Also experiments by Bill Beaty. Part of Bill Beaty s extensive science site. http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/maglev/maglev.html

SCIENCE HOBBYIST GUESTBOOK GOOD STUFF NEW STUFF ... SEARCH Google: Magnetic Levitation cradle Lifts a magnet from below Based upon an electrically-produced Meissner-like effect Scroll down I'm a science hobbyist and occasional exhibit designer for science museums. The multi-coil device shown in the photo was part of a prototype "room-temperature superconductive table" which never made it to a museum. I thought I'd place it here so students and hobbyists could experiment with this strange maglev effect. The device in the articles is not trivial to build, so I would recommend it mostly for ADVANCED HIGH-SCHOOL LEVEL AND ABOVE . If you've never built any electronic devices before, I wouldn't recommend the Meissner maglev cradle as your first project. I built mine using parts from a mail-order surplus store . Since you'll be using DIFFERENT surplus parts, my plans are only guidelines for experienced hobbyists rather than detailed instructions for a beginner. Experimentation will be required in order to get this device to work. For a much simpler project, check out " Simple maglev train ", which uses only permanent magnets, and the

7. Howstuffworks "How Maglev Trains Work" magnetic levitation trains are becoming a popular transportation topic all around the globe. Learn about electromagnetic suspension, the most popular type http://www.howstuffworks.com/maglev-train.htm

HowStuffWorks.com RSS Make HowStuffWorks your homepage Get Newsletter Search HowStuffWorks and the web: Science Engineering Machines and heavy equipment do the work that people can't. Learn about cranes, earth movers and other heavy equipment. Related Categories: REFERENCE LINKS PRINT EMAIL How Maglev Trains Work by Kevin Bonsor Inside This Article Introduction to How Maglev Trains Work The Maglev Track Electrodynamic Suspension (EDS) Maglev Technology In Use Lots More Information ... articles If you've been to an airport lately, you've probably noticed that air travel is becoming more and more congested. Despite frequent delays, airplanes still provide the fastest way to travel hundreds or thousands of miles. Passenger air travel revolutionized the transportation industry in the last century, letting people traverse great distances in a matter of hours instead of days or weeks. Photo courtesy Railway Technical Research Institute Maglev trains can travel at speeds of up to 310 mph (500 kph). The only alternatives to airplanes feet, cars, buses, boats and conventional trains are just too slow for today's fast-paced society. However, there is a new form of transportation that could revolutionize transportation of the 21st century the way airplanes did in the 20th century.

8. Levitron -- Spin Stabilized Magnetic Levitation Spin stabilized magnetic levitation is a macroscopic analog of magnetic gradient traps used to confine particles with a quantum magnetic moment. http://www.physics.ucla.edu/marty/levitron/

Read the paper here. Spin stabilized magnetic levitation Martin D. Simon, UCLA Department of Physics, msimon@physics.ucla.edu Lee O. Heflinger, Torrance CA, and S. L. Ridgway, Santa Monica CA Published in the American Journal of Physics, April 1997 Abstract: The stability of the Levitron cannot be explained if the top's axis has a fixed direction in space. Stability against flipping is not enough. Gyroscopic precession around the local magnetic field direction is necessary. An analysis and numerical integration of the equations of motion for an experimental stemless top that includes gyroscopic precession around the local magnetic field lines predict that the top will be supported stably up to spin speeds of about 3,065 rpm. An upper spin limit of 2779 rpm for this top is observed experimentally and explained as an adiabatic condition. Spin stabilized magnetic levitation is a macroscopic analog of magnetic gradient traps used to confine particles with a quantum magnetic moment. Read the paper here. Arbor Scientific sells levitrons Popular but correct explanation of the physics written by Dr. M. Berry A German gymnasium class experiments with levitation (in German) ... Martin Simon's homepage

9. MAGLEV MAGNETIC LEVITATION SUSPENSION DEVICE The overheating problem would be even worse if we used a 12v solenoid with its smaller resisitance, or if we tried to levitate a larger bar magnet. http://amasci.com/maglev/magschem.html

MAGLEV GOOD STUFF NEW STUFF SEARCH Google: MAGNETIC LEVITATION DEVICE MAGLEV CRADLE ARTICLE: Page 1 Page 2 Page 4 Parts: Hall-effect field sensor Here's the schematic of the device depicted in the photo. Each of the ten coil-assemblies has its own copy of the above circuit. The SS41 is a Microswitch Hall Effect magnetic field sensor IC that I found in Surplus catalog for $.50 each. Any similar hall IC should work, as long as it is fairly sensitive and is magnetically bipolar. All Electronics currently has one for $.50, HESW-5, but it is a surface-mount package with tiny, hard-to-solder leads. The professional supplier for hall-effect devices is Allegro Micro . They probably have a minimum $$ for mail order though. Here are some common Hall effect magnetic field sensors. Also, page down to here. Coil Power Supply The power supply is "bipolar", meaning that you need TWO supplies, one pos and one neg. The coils I used needed 24 volts DC each, so my supply was +-24 (or 48 v with a center common). I could run it for short periods using eight 9v batteries ( +- 36 v). If you use 12 volt coils, you'll be able to use a more common 12V dc supply. Note for experimenters: if you always use the SAME polarity of magnet, you could get rid of one power supply, and the entire circuit becomes simple: just drive the coil with a Darlington transistor switched by the Hall chip and a pullup resistor. The magleve cradle could be built this way if the bar magnet was always inserted in the same direction (but then you could never use this as a maglev train system.)

10. Colossal Magnetic Levitation Wind Turbine Proposed : TreeHugger magnetic levitation is a very efficient method of capturing wind energy. The blades of the turbine are suspended on a cushion of air, and the energy is http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/colossal_magnet.php

Colossal Magnetic Levitation Wind Turbine Proposed Environmental Carpe Diem. Advertise About Tips TV ... alternative energy featured: Edmund Hillary, Hero featured: Plants Save Us featured: UK Deploys Robot Armada Indoor Air Pollution Organic Food Compact Fluorescent Lightbulbs ... Bicycle D said: "I feel sorry for anyone who feels he needs to consume that much to be happy...." [ read steve Morris said: "To the entry of don't buy a pellet stove because of power outages, they now have battery back ups that last as long as 12 hours and you can buy ad..." [ read Scott said: "In fairness Klean Kanteen is in my humble opinion better than Sigg (who seems to be getting quite a bit of free advertising here). ..." [ read Camille said: "This discussion points out how much all of us really care about doing the right thing. We are all striving to mitigate the damage we've done to ou..." [ read houston said: "'Nuclear. It's really, really, really hard to change the level of power production coming out of a nuclear plant. On the other hand, more power out..." [ read Green Stats Happy Trails TreeHugger Picks ... UnTreeHugger Latest TH Radio The TH Interview: David Orr (Part Three) Where Hope and O...

11. Magnetic Levitation While that sounds entertaining, if not particularly practical, the applications of magnetic levitation could have huge impact on industries that are, http://www.research-tv.com/stories/science/levitation/

var mytarget = "http://localhost/stories/science/levitation/"; var httpOrHttps = 'http'; Skip to main content navigation Text only Accessibility ... Sign in [m] Home Films Our Clients Broadcasters ... FAQ [n] Local Navigation Films Health Technology Society ... Science and Nature Magnetic Levitation Business Creative and Cultural Our Clients Broadcasters ... FAQ Not signed in Sign in Powered by Sitebuilder Privacy Magnetic Levitation [c] Broadcast Date: Tues 31 August 2004 Summary: Various industries will benefit from maglev Press Release Transcript Connection Options: Broadband Narrowband Transcript Help Synopsis At the UK's University of Nottingham physicists are levitating water! While that sounds entertaining, if not particularly practical, the applications of Magnetic Levitation could have huge impact on industries that are, literally, worlds apart. Plant biologists working in space exploration are keen to develop plants for use as food on long voyages and with a view to being able to grow them in reduced gravity. Back down to earth and engineers in the mining industry are constantly looking for new ways to access rare minerals. For both groups the answer may lie with the University of Nottingham's research into Magnetic Levitation. Even materials normally regarded as non magnetic, such as water, plastic or oils, will become weakly magnetised in a powerful magnetic field. By varying this field the magnetic force can be powerful enough to counteract earth's gravity, making it possible to conduct zero gravity experiments without the cost of going into space, or to "float" minerals according to their different densities giving easier access to increasingly rare precious materials.

12. Diamagnetic Levitation A drop of water could be levitated with a strong enough magnetic A large magnet above the small levitating magnet provides a lifting force to counteract http://www.otherpower.com/newmaglev.html

FF Main Products FAQ Info ... Email FUN WITH DIAMAGNETIC LEVITATION Earnshaw's theorem from 1842 states that the stable levitation of a permanent magnet is impossible without an added force for stabilization. This can be demonstrated with a stack of ring magnetsunless they have a stick through the center, they will flip over instead of levitating. However, the phenomenon of diamagnetism can provide the stabilizing force needed for levitation without any sort of stick or tether. Click on each photo for details on how to reproduce the experiment! The photos above show three variations of the diamagnetic levitation experimenta magnet levitating between Carbon-Graphite plates, a magnet levitating between Bismuth plates, and a chip of Carbon-Graphite levitating over magnets. What is Diamagnetism? Certain materials are diamagnetic, which means that when they are exposed to a magnetic field, they induce a weak magnetic field in the opposite directiontheir magnetic susceptibility is negative . Diamagnetic materials include Carbon-Graphite, water, protein, DNA, wood, Bismuth, Silver, Diamond and Gold. Bismuth and Carbon-Graphite are the strongest, around 20 times more diamagnetic than water. With an extremely powerful electromagnet, it's possible to diamagnetically levitate a living creature due to the water, protein, and DNA in it's body.

13. United Nuclear - Neodymium Magnets You can perform magnetic levitation experiments with Bismuth using our small, high power Neodymium magnets. Depending on the size of the magnets and the http://www.unitednuclear.com/magnets.htm

"We specialize in small orders" Neodymium Magnets The most powerful magnets on Earth All our magnets are high grade Neodymium, grade N45 or higher. They are much, much stronger than common Neodymium magnets (N28, N35, N38, or N45) on the market today. The magnets listed below are very powerful, much more powerful than magnets most people have seen, and need to be handled with proper care. The magnetic fields from these magnets can affect each other from more than 12 inches away. Please note that these magnets are fragile. Even though they are coated with a tough protective nickel plating, do not allow them to snap together with their full force or they may chip, break, and possibly send small pieces of metal flying on impact. Our larger magnets can easily bruise fingers and even break finger bones as they attempt to connect together. Always wear protective eyewear or safety goggles when handling the magnets. Keep magnets away from any magnetic based storage devices such as desktop or laptop computers, hard drives, floppy disks, cassette tapes, VHS tapes, or credit cards. A distance of at least 12" should be kept between magnets and these items at all times. Keep them away from computer monitors, VCR'S and TV's, non-electronic wrist watches etc. If you or someone in your household has a PACEMAKER or another electronic surgical implant, don't even think of ordering these items. Neodymium magnets are not suitable for children to play with

14. YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Tags maglev supermagnets magnet neodymium neo magnetic levitation Tags science amasci physics maglev magnetic levitation neodymium supermagnets http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=8E7ED16454FE1C63

15. Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interfaces - Projects - Microdynamic Systems Laborato The magnetic levitation approach for haptic interface devices is distinctively different from actuated linkage or cable devices. http://www.msl.ri.cmu.edu/projects/haptic/

Microdynamic Systems Laboratory The Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University MSL Home Projects Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interfaces (This project is no longer active, and has been superseded by other projects) Peter J. Berkelman and Ralph L. Hollis Using the Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interaction System Introduction: We have developed a haptic interface device based on Lorentz force magnetic levitation. The user grasps a levitated tool handle to interact with computed environments. The dynamics of the handle are controlled so that the user feels the motion, shape, resistance, and surface texture of simulated objects. The magnetic levitation approach for haptic interface devices is distinctively different from actuated linkage or cable devices. Advantages of magnetic levitation for haptic interaction are: 6-DOF motion with one moving part Noncontact actuation and sensing High control bandwidths Position resolution and sensitivity Videos: Device capabilities (5 MB) Interation with simulated environments (14 MB) Topics: Magnetic Levitation Haptic Device Interactive Simulations Even earlier work in maglev haptics References ... Number A Productions . This page last updated on February 10, 2006.

16. Inductrak Post believes Inductrack offers NASA the potential for a far less expensive technology for magnetic levitation launchers than approaches using http://www.llnl.gov/str/Post.html

17. ART TEC - Magnetic Levitation Kit This simple electronic kit uses magnetic levitation to suspend small objects up to about 1/2 ounce (15 Grams) or so in mid air. http://www.arttec.net/Levitation/index.html

Guy Marsden HOME SERVICES: ENGINEERING PROTOTYPES ENGINEERING ARTWORKS ... ME PRODUCTS: SOLAR CONTROLLER LEVITATION KIT ... TURNED WOOD ART SOLAR INFO: SUSTAINABLE LIVING SOLAR HEATING SOLAR HOT WATER ... ATTIC VENT RESOURCES: ABOUT ME IN THE MEDIA BUILDING A CANOE ... home Guy Marsden Kits start at $56.00 DEFY GRAVITY! ENHANCE LEVITY! T his simple electronic kit uses magnetic levitation to suspend small objects up to about 1/2 ounce (15 Grams) or so in mid air. This is an ideal Science Project for ages 12 and up! Detailed 6 page instructions include theory and clear images. See below to order either the complete kit of parts, or fully assembled and tested versions. The air gap is about 3/8". The electromagnet dynamically controls the position of the suspended rare earth magnet(s) attached to the levitated object. Feedback is provided by a linear Hall Effect sensor mounted under the electromagnet. Once calibrated properly, suspended objects are stable after settling. NOTE!

18. Maglev Trains: Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) For Transportation In the United States, scientists James R. Powell and Gordan T. Danby patented the first design for magnetic levitation trains in 1969. http://www.railserve.com/maglev.html

Select a category... Apparel Freight Railroads - North America Freight Railroads - World Model Railroad Live Steam Clubs - North America Model Railroad Live Steam Clubs - World Model Railroad Manufacturers - Rolling Stock Model Railroad Manufacturers - Structures Model Railroad Retail - Hobby Shops News Releases Operation Lifesaver Rail Safety Program Private Railcars RailCams (Live Trackside Video) Rails-to-Trails Steam Locomotives Steam Specials Calendar Train GIFs Training Programs Unions Magnetic Levitation for Transportation Researched and Written By Christopher Muller January 23, 1998 www.railserve.com "We may perhaps learn to deprive large masses of their gravity and give them absolute levity, for the sake of easy transport." - Benjamin Franklin Note: This document was published in January 1998 as a 10th grade research paper. This document may be linked to or cited in original research, but may not be copied in whole or in part via print or electronic media. For links to other maglev resources, please see The need for fast and reliable transportation is increasing throughout the world. High-speed rail has been the solution for many countries. Trains are fast, comfortable, and energy-efficient. The United States is years behind European countries in high-speed rail research and development. Meanwhile, in Germany and Japan, magnetic levitation may be an even better solution.

19. Magnetic Levitation Diamagnetic levitation occurs by bringing a diamagnetic material in close proximity to material that produces a magnetic field. http://www.rare-earth-magnets.com/magnet_university/magnetic_levitation.htm

Up Diamagnetism A diamagnetic substance is one whose atoms have no permanent magnetic dipole moment. When an external magnetic field is applied to a diamagnetic substance such as bismuth or silver a weak magnetic dipole moment is induced in the direction opposite the applied field. All materials are actually diamagnetic, in that a weak repulsive force is generated by in a magnetic field by the current of the orbiting electron. Some materials, however, have stronger paramagnetic qualities that overcome their natural diamagnetic qualities. These paramagnetic materials, such as iron and nickel, have unpaired electrons. Some Diamagnetic Elements Bismuth Mercury Silver Carbon Lead Copper Some Ferromagnetic Elements Iron Nickel Cobalt G adolinium Dysprosium Some Paramagnetic Elements Uranium Platinum Aluminum Sodium Oxygen Diamagnetic Levitation Diamagnetic Levitation occurs by bringing a diamagnetic material in close proximity to material that produces a magnetic field. The diamagnetic material will repel the material producing the magnetic field. Generally, however, this repulsive force is not strong enough to overcome the force of gravity on the Earth's surface. To cause diamagnetic levitation, both the diamagnetic material and magnetic material must produce a combined repulsive force to overcome the force of gravity. There are a number of ways to achieve this: Placing Diamagnetic Material in Strong Electromagnetic Fields Modern Electromagnets are capable of producing extremely strong magnetic fields. These electromagnets have been used to levitate many diamagnetic materials including weakly diamagnetic materials such as organic matter. A popular educational demonstration involves the placement of small frogs into a strong static electromagnetic field. The frog, being composed of primarily water, acts as a weak diamagnet and is levitated.

20. Levitation Melting An aluminium cube is being simultaneously levitated and melted by the magnetic field generated by a high frequency, alternating current, passed through the http://www.ma.ic.ac.uk/~ajm8/lev.html

An aluminium cube is being simultaneously levitated and melted by the magnetic field generated by a high frequency, alternating current, passed through the water-cooled copper wires. As it melts, the metal adopts a pear shape, and vigorous motion is driven within it. The white lining is added to aid visbility. (Photograph taken at MADYLAM laboratories, Grenoble, France) For more detail see "Magnetic levitation of liquid metals", Journal of Fluid Mechanics , pages 27-43, by A. J. Mestel Click here to return to Jonathan Mestel's home page

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