1. Greenhouse Gas - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia greenhouse gases are components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Without the greenhouse effect the Earth would be uninhabitable; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas

Greenhouse gas From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Top: Increasing atmospheric CO levels as measured in the atmosphere and ice cores . Bottom: The amount of net carbon increase in the atmosphere, compared to carbon emissions from burning fossil fuel Greenhouse gases are components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect . Without the greenhouse effect the Earth would be uninhabitable; in its absence, the mean temperature of the earth would be about −19 °C (−2 °F, 254 K) rather than the present mean temperature of about 15 °C (59 °F, 288 K) . Greenhouse gases include in the order of relative abundance water vapour carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide , and ozone . Greenhouse gases come from natural sources and human activity. Contents The "greenhouse effect" Anthropogenic greenhouse gases The role of water vapor Greenhouse gas emissions ... edit The "greenhouse effect" Main article: Greenhouse effect Pattern of absorption bands created by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and their effect on both solar radiation and upgoing thermal radiation When sunlight reaches the surface of the Earth, some of it is absorbed and warms the surface. Because the Earth's surface is much cooler than the sun, it

2. Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, And Energy Many chemical compounds found in the Earth’s atmosphere act as “greenhouse gases.” These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html

Greenhouse Gases Programs Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change, and Energy What Are Greenhouse Gases? Why Are Atmospheric Levels Increasing? Levels of several important greenhouse gases have increased by about 25 percent since large-scale industrialization began around 150 years ago (Figure 1). During the past 20 years, about three-quarters of human-made carbon dioxide emissions were from burning fossil fuels. Figure 1. Trends in Atmospheric Concentrations and Anthropogenic Emissions of Carbon Dioxide Figure 2. Global Carbon Cycle (Billion Metric Tons Carbon) What Effect Do Greenhouse Gases Have on Climate Change? However, there is uncertainty in how the climate system varies naturally and reacts to emissions of greenhouse gases. Making progress in reducing uncertainties in projections of future climate will require better awareness and understanding of the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the behavior of the climate system. What Are the Sources of Greenhouse Gases?

3. Greenhouse Gases greenhouse gases naturally blanket the Earth and keep it about 33 degrees Celsius warmer than it would be without these gases in the atmosphere. http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/greenhouse.htm

Greenhouse Gases and Society by Nick Hopwood and Jordan Cohen The Greenhouse Effect The "greenhouse effect" is the heating of the Earth due to the presence of greenhouse gases. It is named this way because of a similar effect produced by the glass panes of a greenhouse. Shorter-wavelength solar radiation from the sun passes through Earth's atmosphere, then is absorbed by the surface of the Earth, causing it to warm. Part of the absorbed energy is then reradiated back to the atmosphere as long wave infared radiation. Little of this long wave radiation escapes back into space; the radiation cannot pass through the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The greenhouse gases selectively transmit the infared waves, trapping some and allowing some to pass through into space. The greenhouse gases absorb these waves and reemits the waves downward, causing the lower atmosphere to warm.(www.eb.com:180) Diagram to help explain the process of global warming and how greenhouse gases create the "greenhouse effect" www.eecs.umich.edu/mathscience/funexperiments/agesubject/lessons/images/diagrampage.html

4. GreenHouse Gas Online - Greenhouse Gas News, Research And Resources Devoted to greenhouse gas and climate change news and science. Detailed information on the various greenhouse gases and on climate change issues. http://www.ghgonline.org/

About GHG Online Introduction Contacts The Author Acknowledgement Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Others Climate Change Global warming Evidence Human Influence Predictions ... January 24, 2008 Greenhouse Gas News 24th January 2008 Smoking Gun The council of the American Geophysical Union has revised its position on climate change, stating that the best explanation for recent climate change is human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. 24th January 2008 Final Countdown Jose Manuel Barroso of the European Commission has announced the Europe-wide roadmap for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. The aim is for a cut of at least 20 percent cut by 2030. 8th January 2008 Thin Sink President da Silva of Brazil has revealed a sharp rise in deforestation in the Amazon. More than 1,000 square miles of rainforest were felled in the last 5 months of 2007. 8th January 2008 Greenhouse Grass Ken Vogel and colleagues at the US Department of Agriculture have reported that ethanol derived from switchgrass can cut carbon dioxide emissions by over 90 percent compared to petrol.

5. NCDC: Greenhouse Gases Many chemical compounds present in Earth s atmosphere behave as greenhouse gases . These are gases which allow direct sunlight (relative shortwave energy) http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/gases.html

Attention: Several NCDC systems will be down for routine maintenance on Saturday, January 26, 2008, beginning at 7:00 am EST DOC NOAA NESDIS NCDC Search Field: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Greenhouse Gases Frequently Asked Questions Introduction Water Vapor Carbon Dioxide Methane ... Additional Information Introduction What are greenhouse gases? Many chemical compounds present in Earth's atmosphere behave as 'greenhouse gases'. These are gases which allow direct sunlight (relative shortwave energy) to reach the Earth's surface unimpeded. As the shortwave energy (that in the visible and ultraviolet portion of the spectra) heats the surface, longer-wave (infrared) energy (heat) is reradiated to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases absorb this energy, thereby allowing less heat to escape back to space, and 'trapping' it in the lower atmosphere. Many greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and nitrous oxide, while others are synthetic. Those that are man-made include the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), as well as sulfur hexafluoride (SF ). Atmospheric concentrations of both the natural and man-made gases have been rising over the last few centuries due to the industrial revolution. As the global population has increased and our reliance on fossil fuels (such as coal, oil and natural gas) has been firmly solidified, so emissions of these gases have risen. While gases such as carbon dioxide occur naturally in the atmosphere, through our interference with the carbon cycle (through burning forest lands, or mining and burning coal), we artificially move carbon from solid storage to its gaseous state, thereby increasing atmospheric concentrations.

6. Climate Change And Greenhouse Gases Article reviews scientific understanding of the issue of greenhouse gases and climate change, as presented in peerreviewed publications. http://www.agu.org/eos_elec/99148e.html

Vol. 80, No. 39, September 28, 1999, p. 453. Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Authors Tamara S. Ledley, Eric T. Sundquist, Stephen E. Schwartz, Dorothy K. Hall, Jack D. Fellows, and Timothy L. Killeen For more information, contact Tamara S. Ledley, TERC, 2067 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02140 USA; E-mail: Tamara_Ledley@terc.edu. Infrared (IR) active gases, principally water vapor (H O), carbon dioxide (CO ), and ozone (O Henderson-Sellers and Robinson Kellogg Peixoto and Oort The AGU Council approved a position statement on Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases in December 1998. The statement and a short summary of the procedures that were followed in its preparation, review, and adoption were published in the February 2, 1999, issue of Eos (p. 49) [AGU, 1999, also at AGU's Web site: http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/policy/climate_change.html ]. The present article reviews scientific understanding of this issue, as presented in peer-reviewed publications. This understanding serves as the underlying basis of the position statement. Greenhouse Gases and the Earth-Atmosphere Energy Balance The principal greenhouse gas concentrations that have increased over the industrial period are carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH

7. Current Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Additional material on greenhouse gases can be found in CDIAC s Reference Tools. To find out how CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs, and halons are named, see Name that http://cdiac.ornl.gov/pns/current_ghg.html

Home About CDIAC FAQ What's New? ... Contact Us Recent Greenhouse Gas Concentrations T.J. Blasing and Karmen Smith Updated July 2006 Gases typically measured in parts per million (ppm), parts per billion (ppb) or parts per trillion (ppt) by volume are presented separately to facilitate comparison of numbers. All pre-1750 A.D. concentrations, Global Warming Potentials (GWPs), and atmospheric lifetimes are from Table 4.1 of (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) IPCC 2001 unless otherwise indicated. Additional material on greenhouse gases can be found in CDIAC's Reference Tools . To find out how CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs, and halons are named, see Name that compound: The numbers game for CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs, and Halons. Sources of the current atmospheric concentrations are given in the footnotes. The concentrations given are frequently derived from data available via the CDIAC Web pages; many corresponding links are given in the footnotes below. These data are contributed to CDIAC by various investigators, and represent considerable effort on their part. We ask as a basic professional courtesy that when you refer to any of these data you acknowledge the sources. Guidelines for proper acknowledgment are found at the end of the page for each link, except for the ALE/GAGE/AGAGE database where acknowledgment guidelines are given in the "readme" files; links to those "readme" files are given in footnote 9, below.

8. Global Warming - What Are Greenhouse Gases? One in a series of frequently asked questions about global warming and greenhouse gas emissions. http://environment.about.com/od/faqglobalwarming/f/greengases.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Environmental Issues Global Warming FAQ: Global Warming Global Warming - What are Greenhouse Gases? Environmental Issues Environmental Issues Essentials All About Global Warming ... Submit to Digg Global Warming What is the Greenhouse Effect? What Causes Global Warming? Are Levels of Greenhouse Gases Increasing? More Global Warming Global Warming is Unstoppable and Humans are to Blame Should the United States Ratify the Kyoto Protocol? Review: An Inconvenient Truth Suggested Reading Top 10 Things You Can Do to Reduce Global Warming Lester Brown: Founder of Worldwatch and the Earth Policy Institute Paper, Plastic or Something Better? Most Popular How to Reduce Global Warming What Causes Global Warming? What is the Greenhouse Effect Environmental Issues - Articles ... How to Recycle Plastics Q. What are Greenhouse Gases? From Larry West Your Guide to Environmental Issues FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! A. Many greenhouse gases occur naturally, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Others such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

9. RealClimate Firstly, it is often used to group together all the forcings from the Kyoto greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and CFCs), and secondly to group together all http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/category/climate-science/greenhous

Site Google Custom Search home about index people ... start here 12 December 2007 Tropical tropospheric trends Filed under: Instrumental Record Climate modelling Greenhouse gases Climate Science Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more! Some old-timers will remember a series of 'bombshell' papers back in 2004 which were going to "knock the stuffing out" of the consensus position on climate change science (see here for example). Needless to say, nothing of the sort happened . The issue in two of those papers was whether satellite and radiosonde data were globally consistent with model simulations over the same time. Those papers claimed that they weren't, but they did so based on a great deal of over-confidence in observational data accuracy (see here or here for how that turned out) and an insufficient appreciation of the statistics of trends over short time periods. Well, the same authors (Douglass, Pearson and Singer, now joined by Christy) are back with a new (but necessarily more constrained) claim , but with the same over-confidence in observational accuracy and a similar lack of appreciation of short term statistics.

10. Greenhousegases.gov.au > This site is designed to provide free tips, tools and resources to help you use less energy, save money and reduce greenhouse gases in our environment. http://www.greenhousegases.gov.au/

in partnership with NSW Government a joint NSW and Victorian Government initiative in consultation with Department of Sustainablity and Environment Essential Services Commission of Victoria www.energysmart.com.au It's surprisingly simple to use less energy at home or work. This site is designed to provide free tips, tools and resources to help you use less energy, save money and reduce greenhouse gases in our environment. Home Glossary Links and resources Sitemap ... Greenhouse emissions calculator

11. Greenhouse Effect: Background Material The blanket here is a collection of atmospheric gases called greenhouse gases based on the idea that the gases also trap heat like the glass walls of http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm

The Greenhouse Effect This section provides an overview of the earth's atmospheric "greenhouse effect" by briefly exploring the atmospheres of nearby planets and discussing our atmosphere's greenhouse gases. The general concepts found in this section include the following: The earth's "greenhouse effect" is what makes this planet suitable for life as we know it. The earth's atmosphere contains trace gases, some of which absorb heat. These gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide) are referred to as "greenhouse gases." Albedo has an important influence on the earth's temperature. Greenhouses are structures designed to retain heat. The heat-trapping ability of a greenhouse is influenced by a number of factors including the transparency of the greenhouse cover, color of the surfaces inside the greenhouse, and type of surfaces inside. This section includes two classroom activities. Introduction The Goldilocks Principle can be summed up neatly as "Venus is too hot, Mars is too cold, and Earth is just right." The fact that Earth has an average surface temperature comfortably between the boiling point and freezing point of water, and thus is suitable for our sort of life, cannot be explained by simply suggesting that our planet orbits at just the right distance from the sun to absorb just the right amount of solar radiation. Our moderate temperatures are also the result of having just the right kind of atmosphere. A Venus-type atmosphere would produce hellish, Venus-like conditions on our planet; a Mars atmosphere would leave us shivering in a Martian-type deep freeze.

12. BBC - Weather Centre - Climate Change - Greenhouse Gases The greenhouse gases. Almost all of the Earth s atmosphere (99 % ) is made up of nitrogen (about 78 % ) and oxygen (about 21 % ). While both of these gases http://www.bbc.co.uk/climate/evidence/greenhouse_gases.shtml

@import '/includes/tbenh.css'; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index 24 January 2008 Accessibility help Text only BBC Homepage Weather Home ... Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! The Greenhouse Gases Almost all of the Earth's atmosphere (99 ) is made up of nitrogen (about 78 ) and oxygen (about 21 ). While both of these gases play important roles in the vast number of processes that support life on Earth, they play almost no direct role in regulating the climate. This is carried out by some of the trace gases in the remaining 1 of the atmosphere which occur in relatively small amounts: Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Ozone ... Halocarbons Although the proportion of the trace gases in the atmosphere appears relatively small, they can still have a big impact on climate change - and they are mainly caused by human activities. About the BBC Help Advertise with us

13. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data Data can displayed for individual Parties or groups of Parties, for different greenhouse gases or for their sum, and at varying degrees of detail. http://unfccc.int/ghg_emissions_data/items/3800.php

Home CDM JI CC:iNet ... TT:Clear RSS SITEMAP FAQ CONTACT US Search: Essential Background Documentation Meetings Kyoto Protocol ... Secretariat Issues Quickfinder: Please choose Activities Implemented Jointly Art. 2.3/3.14 Kyoto Protocol Art. 4.8 Convention Art. 4.9 Convention Art. 5/7/8 Kyoto Protocol Brazilian Proposal Capacity Building Clean Development Mechanism Co-operation with intl. Org. Compliance Emissions Trading Financial Mechanism Greenhouse Gases Inventories Interactions with Ozone Layer Joint Implementation Kyoto Mechanisms LULUCF Methods and Tools Research/Systematic Observat. Review Methodological Work Single Projects Third IPCC Assessment Report Transfer of Technologies Your location: Home GHG Emissions Data TEXT SIZE PRINT PAGE Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data In accordance with Articles 4 and 12 of the Convention, and the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, Parties to the Convention submit national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories to the Climate Change secretariat. These inventory data are provided in the annual GHG inventory submissions by Annex I Parties and in the national communications under the Convention by non-Annex I Parties. The GHG data tables contain estimates for: CO - Carbon dioxide CH - Methane N O - Nitrous oxide PFCs - Perfluorocarbons

14. The Environmental Literacy Council - Greenhouse Gases Atmospheric greenhouse gases play a critical role in shaping our global climate. Naturallyoccurring trace gases in the atmosphere include water vapor, http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/428.html

Home About ELC Site Map Contact Us ... Food Greenhouse Gases Atmospheric greenhouse gases play a critical role in shaping our global climate. Naturally-occurring trace gases in the atmosphere include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Human activities also impact the concentrations of these gases in the atmosphere. In addition, many commonly used industrial products, including solvents, adhesives, and pesticides, contain halocarbons which can also impact the climate. The full range of sources of greenhouses gases - both natural and anthropogenic - is not yet fully understood and continues to be the subject of both research and debate. Water Vapor Water vapor is the most abundant of the greenhouse gases, and is the dominant contributor to the natural greenhouse effect. Human activity has little direct impact on the concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere; however, changes in its concentration are an indirect result of climate feedbacks related to the warming of the atmosphere. As temperatures rise, more water evaporates from ground sources - rivers, oceans, etc. Because the air is warmer, the relative humidity can also be higher, leading to more water vapor in the atmosphere. Higher concentrations of water vapor are able to absorb more thermal infrared radiation from the Earth, further warming the atmosphere. The warmer atmosphere can then hold more water vapor, and the cycle continues. This is cycle is considered a

15. MBARI - Ocean Chemistry Of Greenhouse Gases Information about research by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) into ocean sequestration of carbon dioxide. http://www.mbari.org/ghgases/

Home Ocean Observatories Marine Operations Current projects ... Postdoctoral Program Ocean Chemistry of Greenhouse Gases Current Projects Division Staff Publications Research ... Our Talks presented at National and International Meetings. Highlights from some of our recent ROV experiments: movies from selected CO2 release experiments. The first deep ocean release of liquid carbon dioxide at 3600m: MBARI Press Release, May 6th, 1999. Science Paper highlights with color figures (jpg). ... Our first experiments with methane clathrate hydrates in 1996. Dr. Peter Brewer's interview with Bob McDonald (host of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Radio program Quirks and Quarks ) on January 6, 2001: MBARI mirror of the interview. [3.84 Mb] Download MP3 player Other items of interest: Community reports on the Ocean Sequestration of CO2. DORISS - Deep Ocean Raman In Situ Spectrometer. ... Web-Sites. Last updated: Jan. 03, 2008 Home Ocean Observatories Marine Operations

16. CO2 Science There is no question that atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG) have risen considerably Turn to CO2 Science for all your greenhouse gas reporting needs. http://www.co2science.org/scripts/CO2ScienceB2C/about/ghgreport/ghgreporting.jsp

17. An Introduction To Infrared Spectroscopy And Greenhouse Gases Introduction and overview, maintained at the Department of Chemistry, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania. http://science.widener.edu/svb/ftir/intro_ir.html

An Introduction to Infrared Spectroscopy and Greenhouse Gases This site is designed to view with a frames capable browser. If you see this message, your browser does not support frames. You may access the individual frames from the links below About this Site HCl How Figures Prepared Mathcad Intro to FT-IR ... Other Links This page is maintained by Scott Van Bramer Department of Chemistry Widener University One University Place Chester, PA 19013 Please send any comments, corrections, or suggestions to svanbram@science.widener.edu Last Updated 5/29/96 This page has been accessed 92493 times since 2/10 /96 .

18. ENN: Greenhouse Gases At New Peak In Sign Of Asia Growth TROLL STATION, Antarctica (Reuters) Atmospheric levels of the main greenhouse gas have set another new peak in a sign of the industrial rise of Asian http://www.enn.com/pollution/article/29608

/pollution/article/29608 /pollution/article/29608 Commentary Proven Passive Solar, Low Cost, Low Energy Homes ENN: Environmental News Network TOP STORIES WILDLIFE ... Pollution Sign Up for Free NewsLetter Email Address Turn Your Desktop Green Download EcoWidget Stay updated with the ENN RSS feed PARTNERS Editorial Affiliates Press Members Recommended Sites ENN Professional ... Editorial Affiliate Program ADVERTISE WITH ENN Editorial Calendar Advertising Rates ENN ARCHIVES News Archive ABOUT ENN Letter from the CEO History Editorial Philosophy Staff ... Contact ENN Featured Affiliate Earth 911 View all the featured contributing content by this source /pollution/article/29608 Printer Friendly Version Email to a Friend Close digg_url = 'http://www.enn.com/pollution/article/29608'; reddit_url = 'http://www.enn.com/pollution/article/29608'; //digg_bgcolor = '#ff9900'; //digg_skin = 'compact'; digg_window = 'new'; From: Reuters Published January 20, 2008 05:54 AM Greenhouse gases at new peak in sign of Asia growth RELATED ARTICLES Alarm bells ringing about Antarctic thaw: Norway PM Greenhouse Gas Jump Spurs Global Warming Fears In pure Arctic air, signs of China's economic boom

19. NASA GISS: Research Features: Methane: A Scientific Journey From Obscurity To Cl In combination with other greenhouse gases (water vapor, CO2 and N2O), With these observations — that methane is a greenhouse gas, that changes to http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/features/methane/

+ NASA Portal + Goddard Space Flight Center + GSFC Earth Sciences Division Methane: A Scientific Journey from Obscurity to Climate Super-Stardom By Gavin Schmidt, September 2004 The first survey in 1971 on the possibility of inadvertent human modification of climate stated that "Methane has no direct effects on the climate or the biosphere [and] it is considered to be of no importance". The gas did not even appear in the index of the major climatology book of the time (Lamb's Climate Past, Present and Future ). Yet in the 2001 IPCC report, large parts of multiple chapters are dedicated to examining the sources, sinks, chemistry, history and potential future of this humble molecule. New papers are published every month relating paleo-climate changes to methane variability and discussing the possibility of significantly reducing future anthropogenic climate change by aggressively managing methane emissions. New hypotheses such as the "clathrate gun hypothesis" (more below) place methane variability at the centre of the debate on rapid climate change. What has fueled the rapid rise of methane from an obscure trace gas to a major factor in past, present and future climate change? As is usual in science, it is the conflation of multiple lines of evidence, that only when taken together do the connections and possible feedbacks seem obvious.

20. Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas Process Information about statelevel initiative to reduce the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. http://righg.raabassociates.org/

Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas Process The Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas Process (RI GHG) represents a unique effort on the state level to reduce the greenhouse gases that cause climate change. RI GHG successfully formulated a Greenhouse Gas Action Plan for the state of Rhode Island in 2002, and has continued meeting to implement the plan. The Plan includes a set of 49 consensus options for reducing the State's GHG emissons (The Final Phase I Action Plan is available for download ( body , 1mb PDF) ( appendices , 2mb PDF)). Since September 2002, the Stakeholders have been developing the highest-priority programs for implementation. In March of 2005, the U.S. EPA recognized the Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas Stakeholders for their 'exceptional contributions to global environmental protection' in bestowing upon them its coveted 2005 Climate Protection Award. RI GHG is comprised of many different members . The process is guided by a stakeholder committee and utilizes topical working groups. The initiative makes use of detailed modeling to enhance the applicability of the findings and numerous framing papers and other documents . Click here for the full schedule for each of the groups. Click

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