1. NRDC: Endocrine Disruptors FAQ Answers to these and other questions What are endocrine disruptors? How do we know endocrine disruptors are dangerous? What can I do to reduce my risk of http://www.nrdc.org/health/effects/qendoc.asp

@import url(/stylesheets/common.css); @import url(/stylesheets/layout.css); Print this Page E-mail this Article In this Section Main Page Global Warming Air Oceans ... Green Enterprise Endocrine Disruptors What is the endocrine system? What is an endocrine disruptor? What are some likely routes of exposure to endocrine disruptors? How do we know that endocrine disruptors are dangerous? ... What can I do to reduce my risk of exposure? 1. What is the endocrine system? The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones that regulates many of the body's functions, including growth, development and maturation, as well as the way various organs operate. The endocrine glands including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes release carefully-measured amounts of hormones into the bloodstream that act as natural chemical messengers, traveling to different parts of the body in order to control and adjust many life functions. 2. What is an endocrine disruptor? An endocrine disruptor is a synthetic chemical that when absorbed into the body either mimics or blocks hormones and disrupts the body's normal functions. This disruption can happen through altering normal hormone levels, halting or stimulating the production of hormones, or changing the way hormones travel through the body, thus affecting the functions that these hormones control. Chemicals that are known human endocrine disruptors include diethylstilbesterol (the drug DES), dioxin, PCBs, DDT, and some other pesticides. Many chemicals, particularly pesticides and plasticizers, are suspected endocrine disruptors based on limited animal studies.

2. Endocrine Disruptor - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia endocrine disruptors are exogenous substances that act like hormones in the endocrine system and disrupt the physiologic function of endogenous hormones. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_disruptor

Endocrine disruptor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Endocrine disruptors are exogenous substances that act like hormones in the endocrine system and disrupt the physiologic function of endogenous hormones . Studies have linked endocrine disruptors to adverse biological effects in animals, giving rise to concerns that low-level exposure might cause similar effects in human beings. Contents Background The endocrine system The Theory of Endocrine disruption Scientific Objection to the Theory ... edit Background Since the publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (Carson, 1962), there has been concern that chemicals in the environment might exert profound and deleterious effects on wildlife populations, and that human health is inextricably linked to the health of the environment. Although researchers had studied the endocrine effects of chemicals in the past, the term endocrine disruptor was coined in 1991 at a conference at the Wingspread Conference Center in Racine, Wisconsin . This conference was chaired by Theo Colburn , then with the World Wildlife Fund and the W. Alton Jones Foundation. The term was introduced into the scientific literature with her

3. Environmental Agents: Endocrine Disruptors endocrine disruptors are chemicals that may interfere with the body’s endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/index.cfm

Skip Navigation Home Research Funding Opportunities ... Dioxins Endocrine Disruptors Lead Mold Ozone Pesticides Endocrine Disruptors Endocrine Disruptors What NIEHS is Doing on Endocrine Disruptors General Information For Educators ... Related Topics Description ClinicalTrials.gov listing of NIEHS Endocrine Disruptors studies What NIEHS is Doing on Endocrine Disruptors Effects of Organochlorine Compounds on Menstrual Cycles (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/sep/2005/menses.cfm) General Information Environmental Health Perspectives, Environews by Topic: Endocrine Disruptors (http://www.ehponline.org/topic/endodisrupt.html) Endocrine Disruptors (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/docs/endocrine.pdf) For Educators EHP Student Edition Lesson: Are EDCs Blurring Issues of Gender? (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/docs/AreEDCsBlurringIssuesofGender.pdf) EHP Student Edition Lesson: Arsenic: An Element of Suffering (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/endocrine/docs/ArsenicAnElementofSuffering.pdf) EHP Student Edition Lesson: Beauty or the Beast?

4. Endocrine Disruptors: Scientific Facts On Endocrine Disruptors This Digest is a faithful summary of the leading scientific consensus report produced in 2002 by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) http://www.greenfacts.org/en/endocrine-disruptors/endocrine-disruptors.htm

Skip Navigation Digests Co-Publications About us ... Links Languages: DE EN ES FR NL Home Digests Endocrine Disruptors » Level 1 Source document: IPCS GreenFacts (2004) Scientific Facts on Endocrine Disruptors Information on our Three-Level Structure Level 1: Summary Level 2: ... Links Context - Some chemicals, both natural and man-made, can interfere with the hormonal system. They are called 'endocrine disruptors’. The most controversial issue is whether low level exposures to such chemicals can have adverse effects. Have endocrine disruptors affected wild life and our hormonal system? How much do we know so far? What are Endocrine Disruptors (EDCs)? How do EDCs act? Do EDCs affect wildlife? Do EDCs affect human health? ... Conclusions This Digest is a faithful summary of the leading scientific consensus report produced in 2002 by the International Programme on Chemical Safety ( IPCS "Global Assessment of the state-of-the-science of Endocrine Disruptors" Learn more... This report is considered by most scientists as a consensus document but some people put forward different views.

5. WHO | Endocrine Disruptors Global assessment of the stateof-the-science of endocrine disruptors - Report of the joint IPCS-Japan workshop on endocrine disruptors research needs and http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/endocrine_disruptors/endocrine_disruptors/e

Language options All WHO This site only IPCS Home Chemicals assessment Methods for chemicals assessment Chemicals in food ... printable version Endocrine disruptors Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors Report of the joint IPCS-Japan workshop on "Endocrine disruptors: research needs and future directions" [pdf 662kb] Corporate links E-mail scams Employment FAQs Feedback ... RSS feeds

6. EUROPA - Environment - Endocrine Disrupters Conscious of the potential threats from endocrine disruptors to humans and the environment the European Commission adopted a strategy in December 1999 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/endocrine/index_en.htm

Important legal notice document.write(''); document.write('English (en)'); document.write(' '); en EUROPA European Commission Environment Chemicals ... Workshop reports Conscious of the potential threats from endocrine disruptors to humans and the environment the European Commission adopted a strategy in December 1999 aiming at addressing this pressing issue. The subject matter is complex and with this website we seek to provide you with the basic principles on endocrine disruptors and introduce the central issues at hand. A number of reports as well as the Commission's strategy are also presented in detail. The priority list of substances for further evaluation of their role in endocrine disruption is now available as an Access-Database. The database comprises not only substances categorised in terms of priority but also the scientific information underlying the prioritisation. It can be extracted from this webpage A study to complement the "priority list" with a focus on Low Production Volume Chemicals (LPVC) was completed end of December 2006.

7. Questions About Endocrine Disruptors By EPA’s working definition, endocrine disruptors interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones http://extoxnet.orst.edu/faqs/pesticide/endocrine.htm

Questions about Endocrine Disruptors Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about the endocrine system and endocrine disruptors: What is the endocrine system? What are hormones? How do hormones work? How do scientists study hormones? ... Links to more information about Endocrine Disruptors What is the endocrine system? The endocrine system is composed of ductless glands that secret hormones into the blood stream to act at distant sites. Together with the nervous system, the endocrine system is responsible for the integration of many different processes which allow complicated organisms to function as a unit (maintain homeostasis). What does the endocrine system look like? What are hormones? Hormones can be proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, or steroids. The most well known hormones are the sex steroids estrogen, produced in the ovaries, and testosterone, produced in the testes. Estrogen and testosterone are also produced in the adrenal glands of both sexes. Other hormones include thyroxin, produced in the thyroid, and insulin, produced in the pancreas. The pituitary and hypothalamus in the brain release a variety of hormones that affect other organs, including the sex glands. How do hormones work?

8. Endocrine Disruptors — Tipping The Hormonal Scales endocrine disruptors are ubiquitous in our environment and impact our health in complex and incompletely understood ways. Find out how to minimize your http://www.womentowomen.com/detoxification/endocrinedisruptors.aspx

About Us Clinic Contact Us Questions? Call 1-800-798-7902 SEARCH home explore our knowledge detoxification endocrine disruptors Detoxification by Dixie Mills, MD in utero Tips for Personal Program Success Warm up, cool down. Be sure to give yourself at least 5 minutes on either end of your workout to get your muscles loosened up. This helps prevent injuries, feels great, and helps your muscles elongate and restore balance. The endocrine system Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, DHEA, melatonin, insulin, cortisol, and the thyroid hormones are just a few of the primary and secondary hormones circulating in our bodies. (Click here to view a list of female endocrine glands and hormones alpha and beta ). This means that more keys can turn the lock than once imagined. While this all serves a valuable purpose in our bodies, it also makes endocrine disruption more potentially hazardous. What are endocrine disruptors? An endocrine disruptor is a synthetic compound that mimics a natural hormone when it is absorbed by the body. It can turn on, turn off, or change normal signals. It can have the effect of altering normal hormone levels, triggering excessive action, or completely blocking a natural response. Any other bodily function controlled by hormones can also be affected. In humans, the natural level of circulating hormones needed to orchestrate bodily functions is relatively low. Synthetic endocrine disruptors are now being found in living tissue at dramatically higher concentrations than natural hormones. A CDC report from July 2005 found that the bodies of Americans of all ages contain an average of 148 synthetic chemicals.

9. Endocrine Disruptors PAUL GOETTLICH (first Published 16jun01) The subject of endocrine disruptors is not about one chemical or even multiple chemicals. It is about so much more. It needs to include ionizing and http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/EDs-PWG-16jun01.htm

What are Endocrine Disruptors? PAUL GOETTLICH 16jun01 (rev.8aug2006) This is an expanded version of that which was published in Fundamentals of Naturopathic Endocrinology Edited by Dr Friedman Michael. CCNM Press (2005) ISBN 1-897025-02-5 More by Paul Goettlich Contents What are Endocrine Disruptors (EDs)? The Endocrine System The Creation of EDs Bioaccumulation Synergy Human Exposure Health Effects of Endocrine Disruptors Children are at Greater Risk Measure EDs in Parts Per Trillion Why Haven't I heard About EDs? What Do Chemical Manufacturers Have to Say? Isn't the Government Watching Out For Our Safety? Precautionary Principle Avoiding EDs Recommendations List of EDs Books References The Endocrine System Illustration by K. Born in Our Stolen Future p.33 Introduction 8 Aug 2006 People must stop thinking of bodily systems as individual entities that are neatly divided, and think of the whole body as a system that is infinitely interconnected within itself, as well as to all matter on earth — living or otherwise. As each infinitely small part or function is disabled, we lose a little more of the viability of our species and that of all others. Just because an effect is unseen by human observers — science — means little in the long run. I am quite certain that something big is happening to our health. Of course we all know someone or have a relative who has had cancer, that goes without saying. But today, it's becoming just as prevalent that we all know someone who has trouble with conceiving a child. And then when they are successful after partaking in some form of medical intervention, the children have problems. Modern medicine is not capable of dealing with the problems that have been created by our flagrant misuse of science. There will never be a cure for cancer by adding more layers of scientific mumbo-jumbo.

10. Gordon Research Conferences - 2008 Program (Environmental Endocrine Disruptors) The Sixth Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on Environmental endocrine disruptors (EED) will be held June 813, 2008, in a beautiful and comfortable resort http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?year=2008&program=envendo

11. Endocrine Disrupter Testing And Assessment Part of the OECD Test Guidelines Programme, focused on reaching international agreement on the testing and assessment of chemicals with respect to their http://www.oecd.org/document/62/0,3343,en_2649_34377_2348606_1_1_1_1,00.html

var WRP_ID= 284937; var WRP_SECTION='34365'; var WRP_SUBSECTION='34377'; var WRP_SECTION_GRP= WRP_ID; var WRP_SUBSECTION_GRP= WRP_SECTION; var WRP_CONTENT= 'Endocrine Disrupter Testing and Assessment 2348606'; var WRP_CONTENT_GRP= WRP_CONTENT; var WRP_CHANNEL= ''; /* Frame depth */ var WRP_ACC; wreport_ok=0; Help/FAQ MyOECD Fran§ais Search More Search options Environment Directorate Environment Directorate Chemical Safety Biocides Chemical Accidents ... Waste Back to OECD home page Department List Endocrine Disrupter Testing and Assessment About Information by Country Endocrine Disrupter Testing and Assessment Send Print Fish Endocrine Screening Assay Updated TG407 ... Stably Transfected Transcriptional Activation Assay An important aspect of the OECD work on Environment, Health and Safety focuses on the regulatory management of chemicals, taking into account the possible effects of chemicals on human health and the environment. In the context of the Chemicals Programme the work covers chemicals, including, e.g. industrial chemicals and pesticides. In 1996, the OECD established a Special Activity on Endocrine Disrupter Testing and Assessment with the objectives of

12. OSH Answers: Endocrine Disruptors What is the endocrine system? What are some examples of hormones? Why should we be concerned about the endocrine system? http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/endocrine.html

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Contact Us Help Canada Site Web Info Service ... Shop Endocrine Disruptors What is the endocrine system? What are some examples of hormones? Why should we be concerned about the endocrine system? How can the normal communication of the endocrine system be disrupted? ... Where are endocrine disruptors often found and what are examples? OSH Answers Feedback Printer Friendly Layout Inquiries Service The Inquiries Service at CCOHS answers questions on the health or safety concerns people have about the work they do. More on Inquiries Service Printer Friendly Layout Endocrine Disruptors What is the endocrine system? The endocrine system is comprised of a number of glands in the body that do not have ducts and other similar structures. Glands in the endocrine system include the ovaries; the testes; the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands; the pineal body; the pancreas; as well as cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and the placenta. What distinguishes endocrine glands from other glands is that endocrine glands secrete certain chemical called hormones and other glands produce other chemicals or fluids; for example, lacrimal glands secrete tears, salivary glands produce saliva, and sweat glands produce sweat. Hormones (so-called "chemical messengers") produced by endocrine glands enter the capillaries (and lymph vessels) of the blood circulatory system. They travel through the bloodstream to specific "receptors" in target organs or systems where they can trigger their biological effects.

13. White House Has Its Hands On EPA Endocrine Disruptor Program - In The White Hous In 1996, Congress passed legislation mandating EPA assess the health impacts of endocrine disruptors — a class of chemicals which affect the way the body http://www.ombwatch.org/article/blogs/entry/4120/38

HOME ABOUT US OUR ISSUES Federal Budget Nonprofit Advocacy Regulatory Policy DudleyWatch ... SIGN UP Receive news, updates, and alerts! DONATE Help support our work OTHER SITES FedSpending.org RTK NET NPAction Working Group on Community Right-to-Know Citizens for Sensible Safeguards Open the Government "[P]eople acting in a group can accomplish things which no individual acting alone could even hope to bring about." - FDR Donate Now and Help Safeguard our Protections Home Regulatory Policy RegWatch RegWatch: Press Room Tuesday, October 23, 2007 White House Has Its Hands on EPA Endocrine Disruptor Program When EPA finally unveiled its endocrine disruptor screening program, which includes risk assessments for evaluating the chemicals, it turned out not to be worth the wait . Critics assailed EPA's program as scientifically flawed and accused the agency of designing experiments to purposefully minimize findings of adverse effects. Now, the White House Office of Management and Budget is reviewing the structure of the risk assessment and the selection of chemicals that EPA will test. OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) generally reviews agency proposed and final regulations. However, because of

14. 'Everywhere Chemicals' In Plastics Alarm Parents - USATODAY.com His work suggests that endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A, or BPA, In humans, endocrine disruptors are of most concern during critical windows of http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2007-10-30-plastics-cover_N.htm

OAS_listpos = "InvCount,PageCount,AdOps1,Top728x90,Zaplet1,FloatBottom,Bottom728x90,VerticalBanner,Poster3,PosterBig,Links1,Links2,CommentSpon"; usat.contentID='30117636.story'; var tagID='30117636';usat.contentType='news'; Cars Auto Financing Event Tickets Jobs ... Shopping Search How do I find it? Subscribe to paper Home News ... Weight Loss Challenge OAS_AD("PosterBig"); OAS_AD("VerticalBanner"); AUDIO TIMING OF EXPOSURE MAY BE CRUCIAL For chemicals that alter the hormone system, the timing of exposure is critical, says Richard Jirtle, a professor at Duke University Medical Center. His work suggests that endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A, or BPA, may affect developing offspring in the earliest days of pregnancy. In an experiment published in July in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , Jirtle found that feeding BPA to female mice changed the color of their babies' coats. BPA caused more than cosmetic changes. In this breed, brown mice grow up with healthy weights, while those with yellow coats grow up to be obese, with a higher susceptibility to cancer and diabetes. In Jirtle's experiment, mothers fed BPA before, during and after pregnancy had twice as many yellow babies

15. Going Earthwise: Endocrine Disruptors Other endocrine disruptors block the effects of a hormone from certain receptors by blocking the receptor site on a cell. Still others directly stimulate or http://goingearthwise.blogspot.com/2007/10/endocrine-disruptors.html

Going Earthwise The path to greater environmental responsibility. Facts About Non-Stick Cookware Non-stick pans release at least six toxic gasses, including two carcinogens, two global pollutants and MFA, a chemical deadly to humans at low doses. The vapors from using these pans with high heat also cause instant death to pet birds. View Dr Mercola's You Tube Video on the dangers of non-stick pans and find safe cookware. Looking for safer solutions to bakeware? Try Pyrex or Anchor Hocking Links Carbon Fund Green Living Tips Grist Ideal Bite ... The Daily Green Eco-Friendly Household BioBag Bon Ami Citra-Solv, LLC Earthwise Bag Company, Inc ... Sun and Earth Personal Care Alba Botanica Beauty Without Cruelty Jason Kiss My Face ... Zia Natural Skin Care My Sites Collectibles Past and Present Soup-aholic Blog Archive January Recession? Ya Think!? Whole Foods Phasing Out Plastic Grocery Bags How to Recycle Your Used Electronics ... Safer Cleaning Products Friday, October 5, 2007 Endocrine Disruptors One of my big concerns are the many endocrine disruptors that we keep hearing about on a regular basis these days. Endocrine disruptors are substances that interfere with the endocrine system and disrupt the physiologic function of hormones.

16. Endocrine Disruptors endocrine disruptors , Location Main Section of EHP Online. http://www.ehponline.org/topic/endodisrupt.html

Author Keyword Title Full Environmental Health Perspectives EHP ) is a monthly journal of peer-reviewed research and news on the impact of the environment on human health. EHP is published by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content is free online. Print issues are available by paid subscription. Current Issue Volume 116, Number 1 January 2008 Recent In-Press ... Associations Between Recent Exposure to Ambien... Auchincloss AH, et al. Exposure to a Mixture of Polychlorinated Biphe... Yang CY, et al. Prenatal Organochlorine Exposure and Measures ... Sagiv SK, et al. A Cohort Study of Traffic-Related Air Pollutio... Brauer M, et al. Drinking Water Arsenic Exposure Modulates Gene... Andrew AS, et al. Do Targeted Bans of Insecticides to Prevent De... Manuweera G, et al. More Recent Correspondence Organic versus Inorganic Arsenic in Herbal Kel... Fabricant D Arsenic in Herbal Kelp Supplements: Concentrat... Lewis AS More Teachers: Download EHP Student Edition and Science Lessons for Free! ... RSS Feeds Environews by Topic: Endocrine Disruptors/Endocrinology A Reason to Rethink Groups: New Approach Links PCBs, Thyroid Disruption

17. WWF Canada www.wwfcanada.org/index.html Similar pages Antibacterial Chemical Disrupts Hormone Activities, Study FindsCalled endocrine disruptors, or endocrine disrupting substances (EDS), such chemicals have been linked in animal studies to a variety of problems, http://www.wwfcanada.org/index.html

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18. NTP: Low Dose Endocrine Disruptors Peer Review Report evaluating the low dose effects and dose response relationships for endocrine disrupting chemicals in mammalian species that relate to human health. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/14446

@import url("/ntpweb/css/ntpAbout.css"); Press Center Home About the NTP >> Low Dose Endocrine Disruptors Peer Review Low Dose Endocrine Disruptors Peer Review Printer Friendly October 10 - 12, 2000 : Held at the Sheraton Imperial Hotel and Convention Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Organized by: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC Sponsored by : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC FINAL Report of the Endocrine Disruptors Low-Dose Peer Review (Transmitted to the U.S. EPA 8/20/01. Includes Public comments.) Peer Review Program Selection and Organizing Committee Principal Investigators - Selected Studies Subpanel Members Reference Lists Selected Studies Background Information Federal Register Notices: May 16, 2001 (Vol. 66, No. 95) September 27, 2000 (Vol. 65, No. 188) April 17, 2000 (Vol. 65, No. 74 January 6, 2000 (Vol. 65, No. 4) ... Back to Top Web page last updated on 02/15/2006 Help Back to Top The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is one of the National Institutes of Health within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The National Toxicology Program is headquartered on the NIEHS campus in Research Triangle Park, NC.

19. Phthalates Information Center -- Phthalates And Your Health -- Endocrine Disrupt Nevertheless, lists of alleged human endocrine disruptors continue to circulate. Phthalates are frequently referred to as endocrine disruptors, http://www.phthalates.org/yourhealth/endocrine.asp

Search: Asthma Cancer Endocrine Disruptors Food Packaging ... Site Terms The endocrine system in humans and other animals has an important job. It produces the hormones that regulate the body's various processes, such as metabolism and reproduction, which are vital to the chemistry of life. One example of a hormone is insulin, which breaks down sugar. Another is adrenalin, which pumps us up so we can deal with stress or danger. Estrogens are hormones that impart female characteristics and androgens impart male characteristics. "Gender benders" Endocrine-active chemicals (sometimes called "endocrine disruptors") received wide publicity in 1996 with the publication of "Our Stolen Future", which dramatized the impact of accidental chemical spills and other isolated incidents on wildlife - and hypothesized that humans could also be harmed. What gave the book an added fear factor was its emphasis on potential effects on sexual development and reproduction. The book speculated that even extraordinarily low levels of some chemicals, delivered at just the wrong time, may currently be having calamitous consequences on human sexual structure, function, behavior and even identity. Some have coined a catchy phrase for such chemicals - "gender benders." A few chemicals and some natural substances (for example, soybeans are weakly estrogenic), can impact the endocrine system to some degree. However, there is no scientific agreement on how to define or test for an endocrine-active effect. Nor is there a consensus whether human reproductive capacity in the general population has changed in recent years, let alone what may be responsible. Nevertheless, lists of alleged human endocrine disruptors continue to circulate. Given the lack of consensus on the definition and consequence of an endocrine-active effect, the relevance of these lists of alleged endocrine disruptors is in serious doubt.

20. NRP50 :: About NRP50 The presence of hormonally active chemicals ( endocrine disruptors ) in the biosphere has become a worldwide environmental concern. http://www.nfp50.ch/

About NRP50 About Endocrine Disruptors Objectives Main Research Topics ... Contacts About NRP50 Summary The presence of hormonally active chemicals ("endocrine disruptors") in the biosphere has become a worldwide environmental concern. In 1999, a report released by the Swiss Agency for the Environment, Forests and Landscape (BUWAL) concluded that such chemicals have already left their mark on the Swiss landscape and implicated them as a general cause of population changes in wildlife. Some of the chemicals involved, for example polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (dioxins), have received wide media attention because of their negative health impact on humans. The potential contribution of endocrine disruptors to the increased incidence of a number of diseases and developmental disorders in humans and animals is alarming, but the establishment of solid cause-effect relationships requires further scientific investigation. In Switzerland, the necessity for a coordinated transdisciplinary approach to the environmental and public health problems caused by endocrine disruptors is now widely recognized. The Federal Council has implemented a National Research Programme (NRP) on "Endocrine Disruptors" which aims to develop scientific strategies to assess the risks and hazards that arise when endocrine disruptors are processed through ecosystems and cause human and animal exposure. Major objectives to be addressed are: What is the magnitude of exposure of humans, domestic animals, wildlife and the environment in Switzerland?

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