1. Cybernetics - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of complex systems, especially communication processes, control mechanisms and feedback http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics

Cybernetics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search For other uses, see Cybernetics (disambiguation) Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of complex systems , especially communication processes, control mechanisms and feedback principles. Cybernetics is closely related to control theory and systems theory Contemporary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems electrical network theory mechanical engineering logic modeling ... evolutionary biology and neuroscience in the 1940s. Other fields of study which have influenced or been influenced by cybernetics include game theory system theory (a mathematical counterpart to cybernetics), psychology (especially neuropsychology behavioral psychology , and cognitive psychology ), and also philosophy , and even architecture citation needed Contents Overview History The Roots of Cybernetic theory The Early 20th century ... edit Overview The term cybernetics stems from the Greek kybernetes , steersman, governor, pilot, or rudder — the same root as government ). Cybernetics is a broad field of study, but the essential goal of cybernetics is to understand and define the functions and processes of systems. Studies of this field are all ultimately means of examining different forms of systems and applying what is known to make artificial systems, such as business management, more

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3. Cybernetics - A Definition Norbert Wiener coined “cybernetics” around 1948 to denote the study of “teleological mechanisms” systems that embody goals. http://www.pangaro.com/published/cyber-macmillan.html

HOME What is the derivation of the word "cyberspace"? teleological mechanisms William Gibson, who coined the term " cyberspace " in 1982, as quoted in New York Times Sunday Magazine, 19 August 2007 Artificial Intelligence and cybernetics: Aren't they the same thing? Or, isn't one about computers and the other about robots? The answer to these questions is emphatically, No. Researchers in Artificial Intelligence (AI) use computer technology to build intelligent machines; they consider implementation (that is, working examples) as the most important result. Practitioners of cybernetics use models of organizations, feedback, goals, and conversation to understand the capacity and limits of any system (technological, biological, or social); they consider powerful descriptions as the most important result. The field of AI first flourished in the 1960s as the concept of universal computation [Minsky 1967], the cultural view of the brain as a computer, and the availability of digital computing machines came together to paint a future where computers were at least as smart as humans. The field of cybernetics came into being in the late 1940s when concepts of information, feedback, and regulation [Wiener 1948] were generalized from specific applications in engineering to systems in general, including systems of living organisms, abstract intelligent processes, and language. Origins of "cybernetics"

4. American Society For Cybernetics - Index American Society for cybernetics home page. ASC members have an active interest in first and second order cybernetics,general systems thinking and the http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/

Cybernetics ... "the science and art of understanding" - Humberto Maturana "interfaces hard competence with the hard problems of the soft sciences" - Heinz von Foerster AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CYBERNETICS WHAT'S NEW NEWSLETTER JOIN ASC CONTACT INFO ABOUT THE ASC Information on the Society, its structure, its operations, etc. Welcome! Administration Constitution Affiliations History ... Trustees We stand FOUNDATIONS Our Focal Subject: Cybernetics on the shoulders of giants Defining 'Cybernetics' Cybernetics Timeline ... Glossary LINKS TO ONLINE RESOURCES Connections to Materials, Places and People Related to Cybernetics Explore and Enjoy! Webspaces Centers ASC Cyberneticians Journals ... Organizations ASC WAVEFRONT Ongoing Activities and Initiatives by the Society Conversations Contributions ASC Publications ASC Bookstore ... ASC Events ASC CONTACTS ASC BUSINESS OFFICE American Society for Cybernetics 2033 K Street NW, Suite 230 Washington DC 20052 Tel: Fax: MEMBERSHIP CONTACT Rebecca Hibit ASC Treasurer Email: rhibit@msn.com WEBMASTER Randy Whitaker Email: enolagaia@aol.com

5. Cybernetics And Systems Theory The following links provide general background information on the field of cybernetics and Systems Theory, an interdisciplinary academic domain. http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/CYBSYSTH.html

Cybernetics and Systems Theory The following links provide general background information on the field of Cybernetics and Systems Theory , an interdisciplinary academic domain. This material was collected and is provided in the context of the Principia Cybernetica Project , but can be consulted independently of the rest of the project. Although there are relatively few research centers and even fewer educational programs devoted to the domain, a lot of activity is going on in between established departments. This is shown by the number of associations , conferences and journals active in the domain. The best way of getting acquainted with the main ideas of cybernetics and systems theory is to read a few of the classic books or papers defining the domain. Some of these books are freely available through our Principia Cybernetica library . Other, specific bibliographic references can be found in the library database of the Department of Medical Cybernetics and AI at the University of Vienna. There also exists more general reference material , including our own Web Dictionary of basic concepts.

6. Cybernetics The Principia Cybernetica Web site includes sections on cybernetics systems theory and their integration. The site includes lists of basic books and http://www.thinking.net/Cybernetics/cybernetics.html

Links to cybernetics-related sites: The Principia Cybernetica Web http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/DEFAULT.html Pangaro's Definition of Cybernetics http://www.pangaro.com/published/cyber-macmillan.html This article gives Paul Pangaro's definition of cybernetics, as well as how it differs from AI (artificial intelligence). Additional articles and presentations about cybernetics are available on the home page of Pangaro Incorporated, www.pangaro.com. American Society for Cybernetics http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/ The Society's home page includes links to their pages on the history of cybernetics, prominent figures in the development of cybernetics, and their newsletter archives. Stanford Electronic Humanities Review Issue on Constructions of the Mind http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/toc.html Volume 4 no. 2 of the Stanford Electronic Humanities Review was devoted to a discussion of Artificial Intelligence and the Humanities. There are several articles of interest here, including pieces by Douglas Hofstadter, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winner Goedel, Escher, Bach, and three articles involving famous cyberneticist Heinz von Foerster, including a discussion of ethics and second-order cybernetics (the application of cybernetic principles to cybernetics itself) and an interview with him. Cybernetics and Human Knowing http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/imp/chk

7. Cybernetics Home Page - University Of Reading Department of cybernetics, University of Reading, UK. http://www.cyber.reading.ac.uk/

Accessibility navigation 0 - Access key details 5 - Frequently Asked questions (FAQ) 9 - Main Univeristy of Reading contacts University of Reading Cybernetics The UK's first, and the best About us What is Cybernetics ? Our short guide to Cybernetics. Undergraduate courses Find out about our undergraduate degree courses. Postgraduate taught Find out about our postgraduate taught courses. Postgraduate research Find our about our postgraduate research opportunities. Research Read about our cutting edge research. Working with industry How we work with industry. News Our latest news. For current students and staff Things to do now Job vacancies Visit us Contact Us Email: cybernetics@reading.ac.uk Telephone: Fax: Page navigation UoR Home Cybernetics Home About us What is Cybernetics? ... News See also School of Systems Engineering Computer Science and Informatics Electronic Engineering Footer navigation Accessibility Site Map Contact Us Find us ... A-Z Search Form Search University site This section

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Register Products Contact Us Site Map Print version ... Email this page All Categories Support Solutions Zone Downloads Solutions MM_ShowFlash('/flash/main.swf','/images/Main.jpg',524,143) Media Cybernetics, the leading scientific image analysis software provider, develops digital image processing software to extract and mine knowledge from images. Products include world-renowned image analysis software , enterprise image database software and imaging toolkits that increase accuracy and automate research, development, and quality processes. AutoQuant X Version 2.0 Retrieve better data from your images with deconvolution and 3D visualization. AutoQuant X All Imaging Software Image Management Survey Enter to Win $500 at Amazon.com Take our image management survey for a chance to win a $500 Amazon.com gift certificate. Image Management Survey IQbase 2.5 Database Free Trial New AutoQuant X 2.0 and IQbase 2.5 Learn about the new features in AutoQuant X 2.0 deconvolution software, IQbase 2.5 image database and other new releases. New Imaging Software Image-Pro Analysis Software IQbase Image Database ... All Products Microimaging Applications Group Free Imaging Webinars Attend courses on imaging techniques and theories. Visit the

9. A Curriculum For Cybernetics And Systems Theory List of suggested books, periodicals, television shows and computer programs for a classroom curriculum or individual study in cybernetics and systems http://www.well.com/~abs/curriculum.html

A Curriculum for Cybernetics and Systems Theory Alan B. Scrivener abs@well.com FIRST DRAFT (c) 1 March 1990 by Alan Scrivener SECOND DRAFT (c) 22 August 2002 by Alan Scrivener New! Beginning in September 2002, I will be sharing a free e-Zine, "Cybernetics in the Third Millenium" (C3M), about 1,000 - 18,000 words per issue and about one isssue every other month. If you are interested in a free subscription to this electronic newsletter, please email abs@well.com with C3M in the subject. CONTENTS Introduction What This Is Cybernetics and Systems Theory Defined Why We Need Cybernetics and Systems Theory Now ... Feedback Requested INTRODUCTION What This Is This is a list, with reviews, of suggested books, periodicals, television shows and computer programs for a classroom curriculum or individual study in cybernetics and systems theory. It does not (yet) include a course plan, glossary, or extended bibliography. I was asked to write this by some teachers who received a copy of class notes I prepared for a course in "Understanding Whole Systems" sixteen years ago at the University of California at Santa Cruz. They asked how I would revise it based on what I know today. This document answers that question. [A similar web site exists at the Principia Cybernetica Project . - ABS 8/11/96] Cybernetics and Systems Theory Defined Right off, let's dispense with the childish belief that words "have" meanings. Charles Dodson / Lewis Carroll was close to the mark with this dialogue between Alice and Humpty Dumpty:

10. Cybernetics There are many definitions of cybernetics and many individuals who have influenced the definition and direction of cybernetics. http://www.gwu.edu/~asc/cyber_definition.html

Definitions of Cybernetics There are many definitions of cybernetics and many individuals who have influenced Cybernetics takes as its domain the design or discovery and application of principles of regulation and communication. Cybernetics treats not things but ways of behaving. It does not ask "what is this thing?" but "what does it do?" and "what can it do?" Because numerous systems in the living, social and technological world may be understood in this way, cybernetics cuts across many traditional disciplinary boundaries. The concepts which cyberneticians develop thus form a metadisciplinary language by which we may better understand and modify our world. CYBERNETICS: DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS "a science concerned with the study of systems of any nature which are capable of receiving, storing, and processing information so as to use it for control"-A.N. Kolmogorov "Cybernetique= the art of growing"A.M. Ampere "the science of control and communication in the animal and the machine"-Norbert Wiener "the art of securing efficient operation"-L. Couffignal

11. Computational And Systems Biology: Home Page Interdepartmental cybernetics Program, University of California, Los Angeles. http://www.cs.ucla.edu/C&SB/

HOME Joseph DiStefano III, Chair Sharon Hori Student Affairs Officer Address: 4436 Boelter Hall UCLA Los Angeles CA 90095 WELCOME WHAT'S NEW IN THE PROGRAM New for Fall 2007: Minimum requirements to enter the premajor have been eliminated As of Fall 2006: Cybernetics became As of Winter 2006: Psych 10 was eliminated in the premajor The 3 course major breadth requirement was eliminated A 4 unit research and communication course was added AWARDS - On November 13, 2004, Junior Cybernetics Major Robyn Javier received the Oral Presentation Award in Quantitative Sciences at the 2004 Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students, Dallas, TX. Ms. Javier also received the 2004-2005 Charles E. and Sue K. Young Uncergraduate Student Award for "exemplary academic achievement, university citizenship and community involvement." THE DAILY BRUIN featured an article highlighting Cybernetics at UCLA (see below): Excerpt from the Daily Bruin, November 19, 2004.

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13. CNN.com - Cybernetics: Merging Machine And Man - Apr 18, 2006 Ever since our ancestors first started making tools, humanity has been trying to go beyond its limitations to improve on the way our bodies interact with http://www.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/04/10/cybernetics.profile/

cnnSiteWideCurrDate = new Date(2008, 0, 24); Member Center: Sign In Register International Edition Home Page ... Main Page Cybernetics: Merging machine and man A CNN Future Summit technology profile By CNN's Michael Bay and Matt Ford var clickExpire = "-1"; Replacement limbs powered by artificial intelligence could soon become commonplace. var cnnStoryUrl = 'http://robots.cnn.com/2006/TECH/science/04/10/cybernetics.profile/index.html';var cnnDisplayDomesticCL = 1; var cnnDisplayIntlCL = 1; RELATED 'Ear implants restored my hearing' We're going to become partially robotic. What's a robot, what's us is starting to get a bit messy. Rodney Brooks Your comments Name E-mail address Your location Comment All fields are required Comment Policy Read your comments YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Cybernetics Future Summit or Create Your Own Manage Alerts What Is This? ATLANTA (CNN) Ever since our ancestors first started making tools, humanity has been trying to go beyond its limitations to improve on the way our bodies interact with nature. Over thousands of years we have been able to develop the way we work with, and adapt to, our environment by using an increasingly sophisticated array of tools. Now high-tech tools, implanted or attached to the human body, are bringing biology and technology together to repair, replace and augment human ability.

14. Cybernetics My Squidoo Lenses. cybernetics cybernetics A Metalens General cybernetics Second Order cybernetics. My Web Sites. CEP (Soul) cybernetics wikispace http://dsoul.wordpress.com/

@import url( http://s.wordpress.com/wp-content/themes/pub/rubric/style.css?m=1192568657 ); Cybernetics September 9, 2007 links for 2007-09-10 A Brighter Future for Dolphin? (tags: smalltalk Comments (0) September 7, 2007 links for 2007-09-08 Why the US and UK do not save for a rainy day (tags: POSIWID The Lure of the Conspiracy Theory (tags: POSIWID The Dutch Connection of the Pilgrim Fathers (No. 264) (tags: POSIWID religion history Breasts (tags: POSIWID Memetix: The purpose of a system is what it does (tags: POSIWID StaffordBeer (tags: POSIWID Iran (tags: POSIWID Iran USA Bush ... Comments (0) May 21, 2007 links for 2007-05-22 Tangler (tags: attention socialsoftware Groups community ... Comments (0) May 8, 2007 links for 2007-05-09 (tags: productivity outlook perception enhancement ... Comments (0) April 18, 2007 links for 2007-04-19 microformatique - a blog about microformats and “data at the edges” (tags: data microformats webdev Comments (0) April 1, 2007 links for 2007-04-02 (tags: evil hypocrite trademarks dumb ... Comments (0) March 31, 2007 links for 2007-04-01 (tags: userbars Comments (0) March 30, 2007

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16. Open Site - Science: Mathematics: Applied: Cybernetics A Glossary and Definitions (including web links) for cybernetics at the Open Site Encyclopedia Project. http://open-site.org/Science/Mathematics/Applied/Cybernetics/

Enter your search terms Submit search form Web open-site.org home log in apply to edit Top ... Applied : Cybernetics Pages A B C D ... Second Order Cybernetics The science of communication and control in the animal and the machine (Norbert Wiener 1948). Definition of Cybernetics Cybernetics, the theory of intercausal networks underlaying communication and organization processes in dynamical systems, forms a metatheoretical superstructure for individual subdisciplines as systems theory, communication theory, connectionism or decision analysis. Yet, applied cybernetics serves as auxiliary science for practical fields as biology, psychology, medicine and technology. Complemenatary to this sectoral segmentation cybernetics can be classified into several layers. The inner layer is formed by general theoretical cybernetics (K1) that finds its concretization in the investigation of the realities (K2). Among the K2 the above mentioned subdisciplines (as general systems theory, control theory, information theory or game theory) are to be counted. Practical applications of cybernetics (biological cybernetics, control systems technology, computer science etc.) fall into the external layer (K3). Founded by von Foerster 'Second-order cybernetics' denotes a progressive intellectual movement within cybernetics and systems thinking that reached fruition in the 1970's. The most common explanation for the movement's agenda is that it turned the principles of cybernetics upon cybernetics itself. In second-order cybernetics, the observer of a system must be described and explained as well as the system observed.

17. Cybernetics And Stochastic Systems cybernetics is the science of control and a precursor of complexity theory. Whilst generally applied to deterministic artificial machines these techniques http://www.calresco.org/lucas/systems.htm

Cybernetics and Stochastic Systems by Chris Lucas "Compared to the analytical procedure of classical science with resolution into component elements and one-way or linear causality as basic category, the investigation of organized wholes of many variables requires new categories of interaction, transaction, organization, teleology..." Ludwig von Bertalanffy "This new development has unbounded possibilities for good and for evil." Norbert Wiener , Cybernetics, 1948 Introduction Many of the concepts used within the complexity sciences derive originally from work done in the mid 20th Century on Cybernetics (Wiener), based on the earlier work on Information Theory (Shannon), and General Systems Theory (von Bertalanffy). These ideas were all attempts to quantify in a rigorous way the treatment of systems as an interdisciplinary science. In other words they were a break from the old views that specialist subjects required specialist ideas. Additionally cybernetics is concerned with the control of systems, the issues of regulation and stability that also face us in the treatment of complex systems. Most recent work on cybernetics has related to mechanical systems (e.g. robots and bionics), but these ideas have always been more general and here we shall restate their relevance to biological and social situations. Systems Systems are the lifeblood of complexity thinking and can be defined as a group of interacting parts functioning as a whole and distinguishable from its surroundings by recognizable boundaries. Systems have properties that are emergent, that are not intrinsically found within any of the component parts. They exist only at a higher level of description (e.g. an engine isn't a feature of valves, pistons, or any set of parts in isolation, they have to be suitably inter-connected).

18. Cybernetics - Definition From The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Definition of cybernetics from the MerriamWebster Online Dictionary with audio pronunciations, thesaurus, Word of the Day, and word games. http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/cybernetics

Home Visit Our Sites Unabridged Dictionary Learner's Dictionary ... Contact Us Also Visit: Unabridged Encyclopedia Britannica Visual ESL: Learner's for Kids: Spell It! Word Central Dictionary Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Search "cybernetics" in: Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Dictionary Open Dictionary Browse words next to: cybernetics Browse the Dictionary: A B C D ... Z cybernetics One entry found. cybernetics Main Entry: Pronunciation: Function: noun plural but singular in construction Etymology: Greek pilot, governor (from kybernan to steer, govern) + English -ics Date:  the science of communication and control theory that is concerned especially with the comparative study of automatic control systems (as the nervous system and brain and mechanical-electrical communication systems) also adjective adverb Learn more about "cybernetics" and related topics at Britannica.com See a map of "cybernetics" in the Visual Thesaurus Pronunciation Symbols Products Premium Services ... Advertising Info

19. Ethics And Second-order Cybernetics When I answered I shall talk about Ethics and SecondOrder cybernetics, almost all of them looked at me in bewilderment and asked What is second-order http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/foerster.html

SEHR, volume 4, issue 2: Constructions of the Mind Updated 4 June 1995 ethics and second-order cybernetics Heinz von Foerster Ladies and Gentlemen: I am touched by the generosity of the organizers of this conference, who not only invited me to come to your glorious city of Paris, but also gave me the honor of opening the plenary sessions with my presentation. And I am impressed by the ingenuity of our organizers, who suggested to me the title of my presentation. They wanted me to address myself to "Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics." To be honest, I would never have dared to propose such an outrageous title, but I must say that I am delighted that this title was chosen for me. Before I left California for Paris, others asked me, full of envy. "What am I going to do in Paris? What will I talk about?" When I answered "I shall talk about Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics," almost all of them looked at me in bewilderment and asked "What is second-order cybernetics?" as if there were no questions about ethics. I am relieved when people ask me about second-order cybernetics and not about ethics, because it is so much easier to talk about second-order cybernetics than it is to talk about ethics. In fact, it is impossible to talk about ethics. But let me explain that later, and let me now say a few words about cybernetics, and, of course, about cybernetics of cybernetics, or second-order cybernetics.

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