81. Creation Science Rebuttals, Creation Magazine (Ex Nihilo), Carbon For Further Reading. Carbon dating Carbon dating. This article is on the web at answersingenesis.org/creation/v2/i2/carbon14.asp http://www.answersincreation.org/rebuttal/magazines/Creation/1979/article_v2_i2_

YEC Rebuttals YEC Reviews Homeschool Discipleship ... Donate Creation Science Rebuttals Creation Magazine (Ex Nihilo) Carbon-14 Dating Ex Nihilo, Volume 2, Issue 2, April 1979 Review by Greg Neyman © Answers In Creation This was an article by Carl Wieland , and considering that it is almost 30 years old, is obviously out of date with the current understanding of Carbon-14 dating. It begins with a general summary of what the carbon dating method is, which is generally accurate. The main criticism of the method is in the ration of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12. In order to accurately date an item, one must know the ratio at the time of the organism's death. Wieland is correct in this argument. However, scientists have accounted for this. Libby initially assumed that the ratio was in equilibrium...an equal amount of C-14 was entering the earth's system as were being eliminated. When Libby looked for evidence of this, he discovered that C-14 was being added at a rate that was 12-20 percent faster than it was being eliminated. Others put the value at over 30 percent. Wieland uses this as a criticism, but is it valid? Wieland himself gives the answer. The industrial revolution, which continues today, is pumping much more C-12 into the atmosphere. Since C-12 is converted to C-14 by cosmic radiation, and there is a lot more C-12 in the atmosphere, then there is a lot more C-12 to be hit by cosmic radiation, and thus, converted to C-14. Prior to the industrial revolution, we have every reason to believe that the ratio was at a state of equilibrium.

82. Carbon 14 Dating Once you know the rate, you can measure the Carbon14 that s left and get the date that the lifeform died. That s how the Carbon14 dating method works. http://www.worsleyschool.net/science/files/datingwith/carbon14.html

C arbon is an element which is found in the molecules of all living things. But elements can come in various forms, called 'isotopes'. Isotopes have extra neutons in their nuclei, and are often unstable (radioactive). T he element carbon has an isotope called carbon14. Carbon14 is formed in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays strike , producing neutrons. These then interact with nitrogen to form carbon14. C arbon14, although there isn't very much of it, mixes with ordinary carbon, and finds its way into living things when they absorb or eat their food. T he ratio of carbon14 atoms to ordinary carbon atoms is constant. As long as the plant is alive, it continues to take in carbon of both types. Black dots represent carbon, grey dots carbon14 B ecause carbon14 is radioactive, its atoms will spontaneously 'decay', or turn into some other element, every so often. This means that the carbon14 atoms in a substance are constantly disappearing. But as long as the plant is alive, it will continue to take in both carbon and carbon14 atoms, so the ratio of the two types in the plant remains constant. O nce the plant dies, however

83. Carbon 14, Radiometric Dating, Unfossilized Dinosaur Bones, Not Millions Of Year According to Evolutionists the Dinosaurs are at least 65 million years old. Find out why that is almost certainly not the case based on carbon 14 dating http://www.earthage.org/radio/carbon14.htm

What About Carbon-14 The Carbon-14 method of dating can be used to date things that were once living such as wood, animal skins, tissue, and bones (provided they are not mineralized). Due to the short half-life (5,730 years) of Carbon-14, this method can only be used to date things that are less than 50,000 years old (max). And though some evolutionists claim that it is accurate up to 40,000 years, in reality it is highly unreliable for anything over 5,000 years old. For example, roughly half of the dates produced by this method are rejected by archeologists as being either too far off or impossible. Those who think it is accurate beyond 5,000 years should know that C-14 has been used to date over 20 different Dinosaur Bones and other Artifacts associated with dinosaurs (such as wood and trees from Axel Heiberg Island, and coal), and in every case ages of between 9,800 and 50,000 years were obtained. Other methods of radiometric dating require the use of various unverifiable assumptions and are also, for that reason (and various others highly questionable.

84. Carbon Dating The following discussion focuses on Carbon 14 dating, the most widely used method of age estimation in the field of archaeology. Carbon 14 (hereafter C 14) http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/vertpaleo/aucilla10_1/Carbon.htm

Understanding Carbon 14 dating By Mary Hudson The first of the three periods are the prehuman records, well-represented by the Latvis/Simpson Site in Little River. It provides an excellent record of fossils and sediments representing Aucilla life in the range of 30,000 years ago. The most important sites for the ARPP are those that feature the earliest human cultures. We have now identified at least five substantial Paleoindian sites, one or two in each of the three segments of the Aucilla River. Each Paleoindian site demands more carbon dates, meticulous documentation and thorough excavation. And thirdly, the ARPP has discovered several sites that represent human cultures and their environments after the terminal Pleistocene extinctions of the big mammals. The interpretation of data in the field of archaeology is often subjected to intense scrutiny. And when the interpretation of a site directly depends upon its estimated antiquity, the methods by which its age was determined become crucial. The following discussion focuses on Carbon 14 dating, the most widely used method of age estimation in the field of archaeology. Carbon 14 (hereafter C 14) was developed by the American chemist, Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago in the 50's, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960. C 14 dating provided an accurate means of dating a wide variety of organic material in most archaeological sites, and indeed in most environments throughout the world. The method revolutionized scientists' ability to date the past. It freed archaeologists from trying to use artifacts as their only means of determining chronologies, and it allowed them for the first time to apply the same absolute time scale uniformly from region to region and continent to continent. Many older archaeological schemes were overturned with the advent of C 14 dating. Today it is possible to date sites, such as those studied by the ARPP, well back into the late Pleistocene with reliable and accurate chronologies.

85. Reasons To Believe: The Usefulness Of Carbon 14 I make no mention of carbon 14 in my books for six reasons First, the carbon 14 dating method measures the time since a living organism has died. http://www.reasons.org/resources/apologetics/carbon14.shtml

Search Entire Site Today's New Reason to Believe Archive Apologetics Area Creation Update Archives All Multimedia Connections, Staying Connected Facts and Faith Facts for Faith Chapters The Usefulness of Carbon 14 By Hugh Ross, Ph.D. RTB's correspondence team is asked repeatedly to explain methods for dating the age of the universe and earth. The most frequent question has to do with the reliability of carbon 14 dating. With all these strikes against it, you might wonder why carbon 14 dating draws so much attention. Of all the dating methods that scientists use, carbon 14 has received the most publicity. Why? Perhaps because it's the method commonly used in dating popular artifacts, such as the Shroud of Turin. Also, many young-earth creationists have attempted to discredit all scientific tools for age-determination by demonstrating how unreliable carbon 14 can be. In their book, Reasons Skeptics Should Consider Christianity (Here's Life Publishers, 1981), Josh McDowell and Don Stewart poke fun at a Yale University study yielding three different ages for an antler 5,340 years, 9,310 years, and 10,320 years. Their derision is unwarranted, however, for the researchers explained what caused variations in result: limestone contamination of the sample. The 5,340 years is the carbon 14 date for the limestone contaminant; the 10,320 years is the antler's date; and the 9,310 years is the date for the antler and limestone combined. Here are some brief guidelines for evaluating the trustworthiness of a carbon 14 test. First, always look at the age range to insure that it is appropriatesomewhere between 500 and 25,000 years. Second, look for the error bar. The size of possible error indicates the degree of contamination of the specimen tested or inadequacy of the sample's size. Third, be extra cautious about measurements dating back to eras when cosmic ray intensity was significantly less than it is today. More specifically, a dramatic supernova (massive star explosion) occurred near Earth (about a thousand light years distant) between 8,000 and 15,000 years ago. That event dramatically increased Earth's level of cosmic ray bombardment.

86. Numb3rs Blog There were two interesting bits of math in last night s show Carbon 14 dating and Voronoi diagrams. I ll discuss the former in this blog and save the http://www.atsweb.neu.edu/math/cp/blog/?id=80&month=12&year=2005&date=2005-12-11

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