61. Carbon 14 Dating Calculator Carbon 14 dating Calculator Learn and research science, biology, chemistry, electronics, mathematics, space, terminology and much more. http://101science.com/Carbon14.htm

Amateur Radio Amazon.com Biology Books ... Search This Site Carbon 14 Dating Calculator To find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a given number of years, type in the number of years and click on Calculate. Years C 14 halflife = 5730 Carbon 14 left = percent To find the years that have elapsed from how much Carbon 14 remains, type in the C 14 percent and click on Calculate. Percent C 14 C 14 halflife = 5730 Years = RADIO CARBON DATING LINKS: radiocarbon WEB-info The OCR Carbon Dating Home Page Carbon Dating Carbon Dating ... Return to www.101science.com home page.

62. Carbon 14 Dating - Worked Chemistry Problems Here s a worked example of the calculation for carbon 14 dating of organic material. http://chemistry.about.com/od/workedchemistryproblems/a/c14dating.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test5" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Chemistry var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Chemistry Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Chemistry About.com Search Chemistry Basics Science Projects How Things Work ... on the Chemistry Forum Carbon 14 Dating of Organic Material h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML); Worked Chemistry Problems By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. , About.com See More About: carbon dating radioactive decay isotopes worked chemistry problems Introduction In the 1950s W.F. Libby and others (University of Chicago) devised a method of estimating the age of organic material based on the decay rate of carbon-14. Carbon-14 dating can be used on objects ranging from a few hundred years old to 50,000 years old. Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere when neutrons from cosmic radiation react with nitrogen atoms: N + C + H Free carbon, including the carbon-14 produced in this reaction, can react to form carbon dioxide, a component of air. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, CO

63. Carbon 14 Dating Calculator To find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a given number of years, type in the number of years and click on Calculate. http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C03/C03Links/www.all.mq.edu.au/online/edu/egypt/c

Carbon 14 Dating Calculator To find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a given number of years, type in the number of years and click on Calculate. Years Carbon Dating Calculator Carbon 14 left = percent To find the years that have elapsed from how much Carbon 14 remains, type in the C-14 percent and click on Calculate. Percent C-14 Carbon Dating Calculator Years = More about Carbon Dating Many thanks to Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks for permission to use the following extract All carbon is not created equal. The same element can have different isotopes or atomic numbers-in effect, the weights of their nuclei differ. Carbon has three isotopes, known as carbon 12, carbon 13, and carbon 14, often called simply C-12, C-13, and C-14. The carbon in the carbon dioxide we breathe, for example, is about 99 percent C-12. The remaining one percent is virtually all C-13. That's fine, because the two isotopes are the same element. The very rare carbon 14 is another matter, though, because it is radioactive. By losing an electron, every atom of C-14 eventually will decay into an atom of N-14; that is, it will turn into ordinary nitrogen. As radioactive substances go, C-14 doesn't last long. Half of any number of atoms of carbon 14 will have become nitrogen 14 after 5730 years have passed. That's simply another way of saying that C-14 has a half-life of 5730 years.

64. Carbon 14 Dating Carbon 14 dating. Creation Position. Many living things are not in equilibrium for C14 exchange; the shells of living mollusks show radiocarbon ages of up http://www.fsteiger.com/carbon14.html

Carbon 14 Dating Creation Position Many living things are not in equilibrium for C-14 exchange; the shells of living mollusks show radiocarbon ages of up to 2300 years. The rate of carbon 14 radioactive decay may have been different in the past. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may have been different in the past. The assumption of a constant ratio of C-14 to C-12 is invalid; equilibrium would require about 30,000 years, and the C-14/C-12 ratio appears to be increasing still. Evolution Position The following was extracted from an August 27, 1996 post by Howard Hershey (hershey@indiana.edu). Additional information was added. Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide, CO . It can be present either as stable carbon 12 or unstable carbon 14. Carbon 14 is formed from ordinary nitrogen 14 in the atmosphere by the action of cosmic rays. The cosmic rays produce neutrons which bombard the nitrogen atoms, resulting in a neutron being absorbed and a proton being ejected. The N-14 atom of 7 protons and 7 neutrons is transformed into a C-14 atom of 6 protons and 8 neutrons. The carbon-14 atom immediately combines with atmospheric oxygen to form carbon dioxide. A steady state results in which the rate of decomposition of carbon 14 is matched by the rate of formation of new C-14 by cosmic rays. The result is that carbon 14 is present as a constant percentage of the total carbon in the atmosphere, although it does change slightly depending upon the amount of cosmic radiation reaching the atmosphere. However, a correction can be made on the basis of carbon 14 readings on items whose age is known from counting tree rings and archeological records.

65. Beliefs Of New-earth Creationists About Carbon 14 Testing How accurate are Carbon 14 and other radioactive dating methods?, ChristianAnswers.net at http//christiananswers.net/; Radiocarbon WEBinfo site, http://www.religioustolerance.org/c14datc.htm

About this site About us Our beliefs Your first visit? Contact us ... Vital notes World religions BUDDHISM CHRISTIANITY Who is a Christian? Shared beliefs ... Comparing religions About all religions Important topics Basic information Handle change Doubt/security ... More info. Spiritual/ethics Spirituality Morality/ethics Absolute truth Peace/conflict Attaining peace Religious tolerance Religious hatred Religious conflict ... Religious violence "Hot" topics Very hot topics Ten commandm'ts Abortion Assisted suicide ... Other topics Laws and news Religious laws Religious news CARBON-14 DATING (C-14) BELIEFS OF NEW-EARTH CREATIONISTS Sponsored link. document.write(''); Quotations: " There are many lines of evidence that the radiometric dates are not the objective evidence for an old earth that many claim, and that the world is really only thousands of years old. We don't have all the answers, but we do have the sure testimony of the Word of God to the true history of the world. " Christian Answers web site, referring to the book of Genesis in the Bible. "

66. Carbon 14 Dating: Can Dates Fit 6000 Year Scenario? As a Creationist, what should we do with Carbon 14 dates? We will look at both the process of Carbon 14 dating as well as the assumptions needed to go http://www.creation-science-prophecy.com/C14fp.htm

Carbon 14 Dating Not my area of expertise but I am extremely interested in it. Don't take what is on this page as a scientific endeavor I am only looking at the evidence and then reporting what I have found to you. All of 8 Web Pages Page 1 Introduction What is Carbon 14? Page 2 How is Carbon produced? Carbon 14 is in equilibrium How is Carbon 14 used to date specimens and artifacts? Page 3 Limitations of the Historical Sciences Carbon 14 Dating is based on Assumptions The Assumptions used in Carbon 14 Dating Has the C-14/C-12 ratio (equilibrium) always been constant? Page 4 Factors that could have affected past C-14 levels World Carbon Inventory Cosmic Ray Intensity Geomagnetic Field Intensity Water Content of the Outer Atmosphere Page 5 Is there any Data That Would Support the Above Assumptions of a global flood? Anomalous fossil C-14 Dates C-14 Age Profile of Ancient Sediment and Peat Accumulations Page 6 Does Coal have a residual level of C-14 left from before the Flood? How Easy Is The Difference To Detect? Contamination Page 7 What is the Source of This "Contamination"?

67. Carbon 14 Dating Of The Mended Corner Of The Shroud Of Turin At best the carbon dating of the Shroud of Turin is inconclusive. How medieval artisans unwittingly fooled the best radiocarbon dating labs and scientists. http://www.shroudofturin4journalists.com/carbon14.htm

Shroud of Turin and the Resurrection of Jesus The mended corner of the Shroud of Turin was the cause of the carbon 14 dating failure Carbon 14 dating in 1988 supposedly proved that the Shroud of Turin was medieval. But not everyone was convinced. An overwhelming amount of other data suggested that the Shroud was indeed much older, perhaps first century and from the environs of Jerusalem. Many researchers who were not experts in radiocarbon dating attempted to explain why the carbon 14 dating was wrong. Several ideas were put forward. Some of these explanation gained traction in the media and with the public. One hypothesis was that a serious fire in 1532 that nearly destroyed the Shroud had somehow changed the measurement age of the cloth. Another theory was that a bioplastic-polymer growing on the cloth contaminated the sample. These ideas were scientifically insupportable. Scientists, who were knowledgeable in radiocarbon dating, science dismissed these ideas as preposterous. Photomicrograph of fibers from a warp segment of carbon-14 sample. Chemically, it is unlike the rest of the Shroud.

68. Carbon Dating: Why You Cant Trust It Or Other Radiometric Dating Methods. Creati Carbon dating is frequently an embarrassment to Scientists. Here are some Carbon 14 dates that were rejected because they did not agree with evolution http://www.angelfire.com/mi/dinosaurs/carbondating.html

The Bible and Radiometric dating (The Problem with Carbon 14 and other dating methods). Many people are under the false impression that carbon dating proves that dinosaurs and other extinct animals lived millions of years ago. What many do not realize is that carbon dating is not used to date dinosaurs. The reason? Carbon dating is only accurate back a few thousand years. So if scientists believe that a creature lived millions of years ago, then they would need to date it another way. But there is the problem. They assume dinosaurs lived millions of years ago (instead of thousands of years ago like the bible says). They ignore evidence that does not fit their preconceived notion. What would happen if a dinosaur bone were carbon dated? - At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Scientists dated dinosaur bones using the Carbon dating method. The age they came back with was only a few thousand years old. This date did not fit the preconceived notion that dinosaurs lived millions of years ago. So what did they do? They threw the results out. And kept their theory that dinosaurs lived "millions of years ago" instead. This is common practice.

69. Carbon 14 Dating Calculator Carbon dating has given archeologists a more accurate method by which they can determine the age of ancient artifacts. The halflife of carbon 14 is 5730 http://earthsci.org/freeware/freewar/C14/Carbon 14 Dating Calculator.htm

Carbon 14 Dating Calculator presented by Earth Science Australia through the kind permission of the author Mark Gregory http://www.chepd.mq.edu.au/boomerang/teaching.www/java/carbdate.htm#top To find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a given number of years, type in the number of years and click on Calculate. Years C 14 halflife = 5730 Carbon 14 left = percent To find the years that have elapsed from how much Carbon 14 remains, type in the C 14 percent and click on Calculate. Percent C 14 C 14 halflife = 5730 Years = More about Carbon Dating In the 1940's Dr. Willard F. Libby invented carbon dating for which he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1960. Above is a graph that illustrates the relationship between how much Carbon 14 is left in a sample and how old it is.

70. Radioactive Carbon 14 Dating Calculator There are two calculators in this script dealing with Carbon 14 radioactive dating. In the upper one, to find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a http://www.csgnetwork.com/carbon14datecalc.html

Radioactive Carbon 14 Dating Calculator This converter requires the use of Javascript enabled and capable browsers. There are two calculators in this script dealing with Carbon 14 radioactive dating. In the upper one, to find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a specified number of years, enter the number of years and click on Calculate. In the lower one, to find the years that have elapsed based on how much Carbon 14 remains, enter the C 14 remaining percent and click on Calculate. Unit Number Required Data Entry C 14 halflife = 5730 Years Calculated Results Carbon 14 remaining = percent Required Data Entry Percent Carbon 14 Calculated Results Carbon 14 Years Remaining = Version 1.4.2 Search Our Site Browse Our Calculators CSGNetwork Web Automotive Aviation Communications Computer ... Co-operating Sponsors and Technology used on our Website var dateRef = "" ;dateRef = document.lastModified ;document.write("This Page Last Downloaded or Refreshed: "); document.write(dateRef); document.write(""); CSG, Computer Support Group, Inc. and CSGNetwork.Com

71. Radiocarbon Dating Carbon 14 dating techniques were first developed by the American chemist, .. One method of carbon 14 dating calibration involves the use of tree rings. http://www.detectingdesign.com/carbon14.html

Carbon 14 Sean D. Pitman M.D. © June 2004 Table of Contents Introduction What is Carbon 14? Making Carbon 14 Loosing Carbon 14 ... Home Page Carbon 14 dating techniques were first developed by the American chemist, Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago in the 50's, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960. It has a radio half-life (T 1/2) of 5,730 years and is a low energy beta emitter with a radioactive range in air of ten inches. It is produced currently at a fairly constant rate in the upper atmosphere through the action of cosmic radiation on Nitrogen-14. About 21 pounds of Nitrogen is converted each year making about 1/trillion atmospheric carbon atoms radioactive C. The C then makes its way fairly evenly throughout the atmosphere and living things incorporate it into their carbon “skeletons”. When they die, they no longer obtain more C to incorporate, and so, the C decays back into N without being replaced. A ratio can then be established and compared with the known half-life of C.

72. 7.1.3 CONSTANTS AND DATA TYPES In the carbon 14 dating example, a variable of type REAL would be declared to reference a memory location where the value representing the propotion of http://ascworkshop.info/AiS/textbook/unit8/fortran7.3.html

7.1.3 CONSTANTS AND DATA TYPES Computers are great data manipulators and mathematicians. However, they must be given data and numbers on which to act. Solving problems with a computer involves inputting some data, having the program manipulate the data in some way, and outputting the data in some different and more useful form. Example: Carbon Dating Carbon dating is a method for estimating the age of organic substances. It compares the amount of carbon 14 contained in the remains of the substance with the amount of carbon 14 that would have been in the object's environment at the time it was alive. A mathematical formula is used to determine the age of the object based on the carbon 14 proportion remaining in the substance. If a computer is used to solve this equation, there must be some means of communicating the carbon 14 proportion remaining in the object to the computer. Numerical and character values are established in a computer program by the use of constants and variables Constants are values used directly in the program.

73. Carbon 14 Dating - Math Central In the case of radiocarbon dating, the halflife of carbon 14 is 5730 years. This half life is a relatively small number, which means that carbon 14 dating http://mathcentral.uregina.ca/beyond/articles/ExpDecay/Carbon14.html

Math Central - mathcentral.uregina.ca Math Beyond School return to top Carbon 14 Dating Archaeologists use the exponential, radioactive decay of carbon 14 to estimate the death dates of organic material. The stable form of carbon is carbon 12 and the radioactive isotope carbon 14 decays over time into carbon 12 and other particles. Carbon is naturally in all living organisms and is replenished in the tissues by eating other organisms or by breathing air that contains carbon. At any particular time all living organisms have approximately the same ratio of carbon 12 to carbon 14 in their tissues. When an organism dies it ceases to replenish carbon in its tissues and the decay of carbon 14 to carbon 12 changes the ratio of carbon 12 to carbon 14. Experts can compare the ratio of carbon 12 to carbon 14 in dead material to the ratio when the organism was alive to estimate the date of its death. Radiocarbon dating can be used on samples of bone, cloth, wood and plant fibers. For example, say a fossil is found that has 35% carbon 14 compared to the living sample. How old is the fossil? We can use a formula for carbon 14 dating to find the answer.

74. How Is Carbon Dating Done? 2) This technique is best for dating items which died between on the order of 1000 to on the order of 1000000 years ago. Carbon 14 dating is not great for http://www.physlink.com/Education/askExperts/ae403.cfm

Ask the Experts Physics Job Board ... eStore Local in California? Visit one of our retail stores. XUMP - Science Toys Question How is carbon dating done? Asked by: William Baker Answer Carbon 14 (C14) is an isotope of carbon with 8 neutrons instead of the more common 6 neutrons. It is unstable, and scientists know that it radioactively decays by electron emission to Nitrogen 14, with a half life of 5730 years. This means that given a statistically large sample of carbon 14, we know that if we sit it in a box, go away, and come back in 5730 years, half of it will still be carbon 14, and the other half will have decayed. Or in other words, if we have a box, and we don't know how old it is but we know it started with 100 carbon 14 atoms, and we open it and find only 50 carbon 14 atoms and some other stuff, we could say, 'Aha! It must be 1 carbon 14 half-life (or 5730 years) old.' This is the basic idea behind carbon dating. So in the real world, looking at a sample like say a bone dug up by an archaeologist, how do we know how much carbon 14 we started with? That's actually kind of cool. It's a semi-long story, so bear with me. In the atmosphere, cosmic rays smash into normal carbon 12 atoms (in atmospheric carbon dioxide), and create carbon 14 isotopes. This process is constantly occurring, and has been for a very long time, so there is a fairly constant ratio of carbon 14 atoms to carbon 12 atoms in the atmosphere. Now living plants 'breathe' CO indiscriminately (they don't care about isotopes one way or the other), and so (while they are living) they have the same ratio of carbon 14 in them as the atmosphere. Animals, including humans, consume plants a lot (and animals that consume plants), and thus they also tend to have the same ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 atoms. This equilibrium persists in living organisms as long as they continue living, but when they die, they no longer 'breathe' or eat new 14 carbon isotopes Now it's fairly simple to determine how many total carbon atoms should be in a sample given its weight and chemical makeup. And given the fact that the ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 in living organisms is approximately 1 : 1.35x10

75. Carbon Dating@Everything2.com The basis for Carbon 14 dating is that all living things constantly take in carbon all the isotopes equally for what is present in the area. http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=carbon dating

76. Neanderthal = Nephilim? The new evidence examined supports a correction of the calibration of C14 dating clock to include the carbon 14 build up readings, this would bring both http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vida_alien/alien_watchers06.htm

by John Denton from BibleTimeProphecyChronology Website Introduction: A speculative research paper examining current evidence available on Neanderthal man with comparison to references in early manuscripts of the Nephilim an ancient race of half-breed humans. The argument is presented that the scientific facts verify that the Neanderthal were in fact one and the same as the ancient warrior race the Nephilim . It is here proposed that an examination of the evidence and facts currently available on Neanderthal man reveal that they could well have been a race of half-breed humans referred to in some of the earliest manuscripts found as the Nephilim Background: Neanderthal man has become an enigma to science once being hailed as the proof of the evolution of apes to modern man. He was considered to be the brutish ancestor link to man in the evolution chain, the intermediate stage between man and ape. Now! Neanderthal is recognized by scientists as a contemporary of modern man living alongside humans having many human attributes. But amazingly with a LARGER brain than mans ! Were they the Nephilim?

77. Expert: Carbon 14 Dating Expert Experts 1 to 0 of 0, See Detailed Expert Profile for Credentials in. carbon 14 dating. Request Free Expert Quote. No Matching Experts http://www.intota.com/multisearch.asp?strSearchType=all&strQuery=carbon 14 datin

78. RE: Carbon14 Dating (was Palm Leaf Books) To Multiple recipients of list exlibris@library.berkeley.edu ; Subject RE carbon14 dating (was Palm Leaf Books); From Rodger Friedman rf@warwick.net http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byform/mailing-lists/exlibris/1999/06/msg00094.ht

Table of Contents Search Date Prev Date Next ... Thread Index RE: carbon14 dating (was Palm Leaf Books) To Subject : RE: carbon14 dating (was Palm Leaf Books) From : "Rodger Friedman" <rf@warwick.net> Date : Mon, 14 Jun 1999 07:17:30 -0700 (PDT) Message-id 000501beb688$b28f5d20$3a1affcc@rodgerfr Sender : exlibris@library.berkeley.edu Norman refers to a technique that employs scanning augur microscopy to measure the distance of ink migration through paper fibers (or vellum or any other base material). The basic concept is that migration of ions from the ink is directly proportional to time. Augur spectroscopy, as I weakly understand it, analyzes the component elements of a substance at particle level. It works better for dating older documents (pre-1700) because the pre-modern recipe for ink used more iron, the preferred tracking element. A document forensics specialist with the U.S. Secret Service named Anthony Cantu delivered a paper on these techniques at, of all places, the MLA national convention in San Francisco in 1987, at a session on ink and paper organized by Jennie Mosser. Cantu was directly involved in the Hoffman investigation. Similar techniques were used in the investigation of the Shroud of Turin in the 1980s. Rodger Friedman Rare Book Studio One Mystic Circle Tuxedo, NY  10987 mailto:RF@Warwick.net

79. Radiocarbon Dating Method Radiocarbon dating uses the amount of Carbon 14 (C14) available in living creatures as a measuring stick. http://archaeology.about.com/od/rterms/g/radiocarbon.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test7" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Archaeology var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Archaeology Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Archaeology About.com Search Archaeology Basics Human History Around the World ... on the Archaeology Forum "Radiocarbon Dating Method" h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML); By K. Kris Hirst , About.com See More About: radiocarbon dating archaeological dating methods Definition: Radiocarbon dating uses the amount of Carbon 14 (C14) available in living creatures as a measuring stick. All living things maintain a content of carbon 14 in equilibrium with that available in the atmosphere, right up to the moment of death. When an organism dies, the amount of C14 available within it begins to decay at a half life rate of 5730 years; i.e., it takes 5730 years for 1/2 of the C14 available in the organism to decay. Comparing the amount of C14 in a dead organism to available levels in the atmosphere, produces an estimate of when that organism died. So, for example, if a tree was used as a support for a structure, the date that tree stopped living (i.e., when it was cut down) can be used to date the building's construction date.

80. GardenWeb Defines Carbon 14 Dating carbon 14 dating. The selection and testing of undisturbed soils, buried materials such as wood, firepit remains, and other organic materials, http://glossary.gardenweb.com/glossary/carbon_14_dating.html

Blogs Garden Voices Blog Directory Forums ... GardenWeb Store carbon 14 dating carbon 14 dating The selection and testing of undisturbed soils , buried materials such as wood , firepit remains, and other organic materials, for measurement of radioactive carbon 14 with a half-life of approximately 5,500 years, to determine the rough age of the selected materials. New Search: [see notes] Or Whole Words Notes: This is version: February 4, 2002. If you are looking up names of plants, check the Horti Plex plant database here at GardenWeb. Proper nouns are generally not included in the glossary. Searches are case insensitive. You can browse the glossary, but there are many pages. Multiple keywords can be searched so that each word must appear in each hit (boolean "and") or so that only one of the words must appear (boolean "or"). To increase the chances of matching keywords with multiple endings, search for "Word Roots." With this setting, epiphyt will match both epiphyte and epiphytic. You can also limit your search to just terms or just definition. Additional Passes: If there are no hits in the first search, common word endings (-ing, -es, -ed, -ly) are stripped from the keywords and a second pass is made. If there is still no match, all non-word characters are stripped.

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