41. Carbon-14 Dating. The American Heritage® Dictionary Of The English Language: Fo carbon14 dating. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language Fourth Edition. 2000. http://www.bartleby.com/61/0/C0100000.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference American Heritage Dictionary carbon 14 ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.

42. The Tollund Man - Carbon-14 carbon14 dating. National Museum of Denmark s carbon-14 dating equipment used for the The carbon-14 dating method has been used several times. http://www.tollundman.dk/kulstof-14.asp

create_menu('ScriptBreaker',link,prop); Examinations Excavation Autopsy and More Carbon-14 Finger-Prints Stomach Contents Latest Research Preservation ... Examinations Carbon-14 Carbon-14 Dating National Museum of Denmark's carbon-14 dating equipment used for the first readings. Big picture When at the discovery in 1950 the police saw the Tollund Man they realized right away that he was from prehistoric times, but they were not able to date him more precisely. When the specialists examined his last meal , they realized he had lived around the time of the birth of Christ. The kind of barley and a number of the other seeds that were in his last meal were very common around that time. A few years after the discovery of the Tollund Man the scientists started using nuclear physics to date organic objects: wood, charcoal, bones, leather and similar objects. By the use of a Geiger counter they were able to measure the amount of radioactive carbon-14 that was left in the organic material. While human beings - and other organisms - are alive they absorb carbon. Carbon comes in carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 where the latter is radioactive. When the organism dies, like the Tollund Man, the carbon-14 slowly disappears. It happens by a half-life period of 5,760 years and during this procss it turns into nitrogen. After another 5,760 years there's a fourth left and so forth. Today the dating process is done in a nuclear accelerator.

43. How Does Carbon-14 Dating (for Determining The Age Of Archeological... How does carbon14 dating (for determining the age of archeological artifacts) work? carbon-14 dating is a way of determining the age of certain http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/3108

Answerbag Social Relationship advice Random questions And much more! go Expert Ask a medical question Ask a gardening question Find interview questions And much more! go Local Planning a trip? Need restaurant recommendations? Local government questions? And much more! go Shopping Car questions Laptop questions Home buying questions And much more! go Sign In Sign Up Email Password Remember Me Sign up now! Forgot Password What is Answerbag? Ask questions and share your knowledge with the world here on Answerbag. Get the best answers where there are no duplicate questions and questions are always open - our community of over 175,000 will find your answer! Join For Free! Similar Questions Do you think that Carbon Dating is an accurate way to determine... Science ... Cosmology Search for Answers Ask a Question Browse Members The last question was answered in just minutes Let our thousands of members help! Home Categories Science Physical sciences ... Archaeology Categories Arts Autos Business Computers ... Archaeology Question: How does carbon-14 dating (for determining the age of archeological artifacts) work? By wickedwillie Asked Feb 11 2004 3:19AM Is this Conversational or Educational Pts Rate Question Answer Question Watch this question Email to a friend Flag this question Duplicate Nonsense Spam/Offensive Wrong Category Date Top Answer out of 4 by wickedwillie on Feb 16, 2004 at 11:39 am

44. Dating Exhibit For example, there may be variations of carbon14 production within the atmosphere and carbon-14 incorporation into plant organic matter. carbon-14 dating http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/dating/paleolimnology.html

Index Paleolimnology is the study of water life and sediments from preexisting geological time periods. The study and identification of the morphological remains of aquatic and terrestrial organisms allows one to date and interpret past states and conditions of an ecosystem. An incredible amount of information is stored in the fossil record of sediments. This includes the biochemical substances produced by organisms, or produced from their degradation, and the morphological remnants of specific organisms. The evaluation of a lake's past involves careful and accurate methods to determine the age of sediment materials. Dating techniques used in the paleolimnological analysis involve the following: radioactive carbon-14, isotopes, remnant magnetism, varve dating, pigment remnant analysis, plant pollen and spore analysis, algal microfossil analysis, plant macrofossil analysis and fossilized remains of Clodocera, ostracods, and midges. The generation of radioactive carbon-14 is always taking place through atmospheric nitrogen by cosmic radiation. Carbon-14 is also in equilibrium with Carbon dioxide in the water. During photosynthesis, a small amount of the radioactive carbon-14 is combined into new organic matter. When organic matter is imbedded in the sediments, the carbon-14 degrades or decays into nitrogen-14 at a constant rate. Because this rate is known, an accurate amount of carbon-14 remaining in old organic matter can produce an estimation of age. There are many variables that need to be taken into consideration when one is carbon dating. For example, there may be variations of carbon-14 production within the atmosphere and carbon-14 incorporation into plant organic matter. Carbon-14 dating technique permits age estimates over the past 40,000 years or longer.

45. Radiocarbon Dating - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating

Radiocarbon dating From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years. Raw, i.e. uncalibrated, radiocarbon ages are usually reported in radiocarbon years Before Present " (BP), "Present" being defined as AD 1950. Such raw ages can be calibrated to give calendar dates. The technique of radiocarbon dating was discovered by Willard Libby and his colleagues in 1949 during his tenure as a professor at the University of Chicago . Libby estimated that the steady state radioactivity concentration of exchangeable carbon-14 would be about 14 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram. In 1960, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for this work. One of the frequent uses of the technique is to date organic remains from archaeological sites. Plants fix atmospheric carbon during photosynthesis, so the level of C14 in living plants and animals equals the level of C14 in the atmosphere. Contents Basic physics Computation of ages and dates Measurements and scales Sample selection ... edit Basic physics Carbon has two stable, nonradioactive

46. What About Carbon Dating? People who ask about carbon14 (14C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric1 dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/carbon_dating.asp

Good news About us Jobs Contact us ... Select AiG office Select AiG Office United Kingdom United States Answers in Genesis: believing it. defending it. proclaiming it. answersingenesis.org has a new look About us About the new look Home Get Answers ... Print-Friendly Upcoming Events Evans, Georgia, United States Lancaster, California, United States Lancaster, California, United States Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom ... Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom Answers Magazine Subscribe Now! Answers magazine is the Bible-affirming, creation-based magazine from Answers in Genesis AnswersMagazine.com website. Our purpose is to equip you, our reader, with practical answers so you can confidently communicate the gospel and biblical authority with accuracy. Why wait? Subscribe today! What about carbon dating? by Don Batten (editor), Ken Ham Jonathan Sarfati , and Carl Wieland First published in The Revised and Expanded Answers Book Chapter 4 Related articles: Radiometric Dating Questions and Answers RATE group reveals exciting breakthroughs! Rating radiodating Radiometric dating breakthroughs ... The parable of the candle Recommended Resources: (DVD) Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth Volume 1 Volume 2 DVD The Revised and Expanded Answers Book ... Creation: Facts of Life People who ask about carbon-14 ( C) dating usually want to know about the radiometric Christians, by definition, take the statements of Jesus Christ seriously. He said

47. Radiocarbon Dating Radiocarbon, or carbon14, dating is probably one of the most widely used and best known absolute dating methods. It was developed by J. R. Arnold and W. F. http://id-archserve.ucsb.edu/Anth3/Courseware/Chronology/08_Radiocarbon_Dating.h

Chronological Methods 8 - Radiocarbon Dating Radiocarbon, or Carbon-14, dating is probably one of the most widely used and best known absolute dating methods. It was developed by J. R. Arnold and W. F. Libby in 1949, and has become an indispensable part of the archaeologist's tool kit since. Its development revolutionized archaeology by providing a means of dating deposits independent of artifacts and local stratigraphic sequences. This allowed for the establishment of world-wide chronologies. Where does C -14 Come From? Radiocarbon dating relies on a simple natural phenomenon. As the Earth's upper atmosphere is bombarded by cosmic radiation, atmospheric nitrogen is broken down into an unstable isotope of carbon - carbon 14 (C-14). Bombardment Reactions The unstable isotope is brought to Earth by atmospheric activity, such as storms, and becomes fixed in the biosphere. Because it reacts identically to C-12 and C-13, C-14 becomes attached to complex organic molecules through photosynthesis in plants and becomes part of their molecular makeup. Animals eating those plants in turn absorb Carbon-14 as well as the stable isotopes. This process of ingesting C-14 continues as long as the plant or animal remains alive. Diffusion Ingestion C-14 Decay Profile The C-14 within an organism is continually decaying into stable carbon isotopes, but since the organism is absorbing more C-14 during its life, the ratio of C-14 to C-12 remains about the same as the ratio in the atmosphere. When the organism dies, the ratio of C-14 within its carcass begins to gradually decrease. The rate of decrease is 1/2 the quantity at death every 5,730 years. That is the half-life of C-14. The animation provides an example of how this logarithmic decay occurs. Click on the "Show Movie" button below to view this animation.

48. Carbon Dating The rate of production of carbon14 in the atmosphere seems to be fairly constant. Carbon dating of ancient bristlecone pine trees of ages around 6000 years http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/cardat.html

Carbon Dating Carbon dating is a variety of radioactive dating which is applicable only to matter which was once living and presumed to be in equilibrium with the atmosphere, taking in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis. Cosmic ray protons blast nuclei in the upper atmosphere, producing neutrons which in turn bombard nitrogen, the major constituent of the atmosphere . This neutron bombardment produces the radioactive isotope carbon-14. The radioactive carbon-14 combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and is incorporated into the cycle of living things. The carbon-14 forms at a rate which appears to be constant, so that by measuring the radioactive emissions from once-living matter and comparing its activity with the equilibrium level of living things, a measurement of the time elapsed can be made. Index HyperPhysics Nuclear R Nave Go Back Carbon Dating Presuming the rate of production of carbon-14 to be constant, the activity of a sample can be directly compared to the equilibrium activity of living matter and the age calculated. Various tests of reliability have confirmed the value of carbon data, and many

49. BBC - History - The Story Of Carbon Dating Radio carbon dating determines the age of ancient objects by means of measuring the amount of carbon14 there is left in an object. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/archaeology/excavations_techniques/carbon_dating.sh

@import '/includes/tbenh.css'; @import '/history/archaeology/css/excavations_techniques.css'; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index 24 January 2008 Accessibility help Text only BBC Homepage History Homepage Topics Ancient History British History World Wars Recent History Resources Interactive Content British Timeline Historic Figures History for Kids Practical History Archaeology Get Involved Latest Archaeology News Family History ... History Trails Community Message Board Newsletter Site guide Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! The Story of Carbon Dating Radio carbon dating determines the age of ancient objects by means of measuring the amount of carbon-14 there is left in an object. A man called Willard F Libby pioneered it at the University of Chicago in the 50's. In 1960, he won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. This is now the most widely used method of age estimation in the field of archaeology. How it works: Certain chemical elements have more than one type of atom. Different atoms of the same element are called isotopes. Carbon has three main isotopes. They are carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14. Carbon-12 makes up 99% of an atom, carbon-13 makes up 1% and carbon-14 - makes up 1 part per million. Carbon-14 is radioactive and it is this radioactivity which is used to measure age. Radioactive atoms decay into stable atoms by a simple mathematical process. Half of the available atoms will change in a given period of time, known as the half-life. For instance, if 1000 atoms in the year 2000 had a half-life of ten years, then in 2010 there would be 500 left. In 2020, there would be 250 left, and in 2030 there would be 125 left.

50. How Good Are Those Young Earth Arguments: Carbon-14 And Radiometric Dating The following material has been taken from a sheet entitled Several Faulty Assumptions Are Used in all Radiometric dating Methods. Carbon 14 is used for http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/dave_matson/young-earth/carbon-14/

Library Modern Documents Dave Matson Young Earth : Carbon 14 The following material has been taken from a sheet entitled Several Faulty Assumptions Are Used in all Radiometric Dating Methods. Carbon 14 is used for this example: , which was put out by Dr. Hovind. The Atmospheric C-14 is Only 1/3 of the Way to Equilibrium Radiometric Decay Rates are Not Constant The Initial C-14 Content Cannot Be Known It is Difficult or Impossible to Rule Out Contamination ... More Articles e-mail the URL of this page Present Last updated: Sunday, 04-Mar-2007 00:59:13 CST

51. Carbon 14 Dating Carbon 14 dating Understand what carbon-14 is and what part it plays in our biosphere. Discover how it can be used as a dating technique. http://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/carbon-14-dating-faq.htm

Carbon 14 Dating You are here: Archaeology Learn More about Carbon Dating! Carbon 14 Dating How does carbon 14 dating work? To understand how carbon 14 dating works, you first have to understand what carbon-14 is and what part it plays in our biosphere. All living creatures are made in part of carbon. As they live and grow and interact with their environments they consume more and more carbon. By far, the most abundant form of carbon is carbon-12. Carbon-12 is a stable isotope; that is, it doesn't decay naturally. Carbon-14 on the other hand is an unstable isotope; that is, it decays naturally over time. Carbon-14 is also relatively rare. It is produced naturally in the atmosphere and mixes with carbon-12 becoming part of our planet's biosphere. As creatures consume carbon from their environment and incorporate it into their bodies, they consume both carbon-12 and carbon-14. When a creature dies, it ceases to consume more carbon. Since carbon-12 doesn't naturally decay while carbon-14 does, once a creature stops incorporating more carbon into its body, the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in its body begins to change, with less carbon-14 per carbon-12 as time passes. Since creatures incorporate carbon-12 and carbon-14 into their bodies at about the same ratio as it occurs in the atmosphere during their lifetimes, by looking at the ratio in the atmosphere today and by comparing it to the ratio as it is found in the specimen we are examining, we are able to determine when the specimen stopped consuming more carbon-14 (i.e. when it died). This is, of course, assuming that we know how long it takes for carbon-14 to decay and that we know that the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in the atmosphere today is about the same as if was during the creature's lifetime. If either assumption is wrong carbon-14 dating doesn't work.

52. Carbon 14 Dating On Shroud Of Turin Were Botched 2005 How the carbon 14 dating of the Shroud of Turin Was Botched Updated Oct 2005. http://www.shroudstory.com/faq-carbon-14.htm

Failure in the 1988 Carbon 14 Dating A January 20, 2005 article in the scholarly, peer-reviewed scientific journal Thermochimica Acta (Volume 425, pages 189-194, by Raymond N. Rogers, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California) makes it perfectly clear: the carbon 14 dating sample cut from the Shroud in 1988 was not valid. In fact, the Shroud is much older than the carbon 14 tests suggested. Photomicrograph of fibers from middle of carbon 14 sample. It is chemically unlike the rest of the shroud. That is a problem. No matter what any one of us may believe about the Shroud’s authenticity, we can no longer say that carbon 14 dating proves medieval origins; for the tests in 1988 were botched. For those who after 1988 continued to believe that the Shroud was the genuine burial cloth of Jesus, a winter of ridicule and doubts has ended. For all who use carbon 14 dating to study all manner of ancient objects, a period of careful reassessment is just beginning. Material intrusion is well known in the application of carbon 14 dating. A classic example is to be found in the dating of peat bogs. Very old bogs often contain miniscule roots from newer plants that grew in the peat. The roots of these plants, sometimes having decomposed, are nearly indistinguishable from the older peat. What ends up being tested is a mixture of old and new material which produces an average, meaningless carbon 14 age. No one seemed to consider, in 1988, that material intrusion might be a serious problem with the Shroud of Turin carbon 14 dating even though clues were there.

53. Carbon 14 Dating - Cloth Fibers 2005 Facts Carbon 14 dating is useful for determining the age of cloth fibers, bones, and anything with a biological origin. http://www.factsplusfacts.com/carbon-14-intro.htm

Carbon 14 Dating Facts - Cloth Fibers, Bones, Wood . . . in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Th ermochimica Acta See: Volume 425 pp. 189-194) Carbon 14 dating is an accurate method for determining the age of things that have a biological origin such as bones, cloth made from natural fibers, artifacts made of wood, and charcoal. All plants and animals are made up of chemicals that contain three types of carbon atoms or isotopes. The most common isotope is carbon 12. It generally accounts for roughly 99% of all the carbon atoms found in a plant or animal. Another isotope is carbon 13 that comprises about 1% of the total. The third isotope is carbon 14. It is found in only tiny amounts compared to carbon 12. In a living plant or animal there is only about one carbon 14 atoms for every trillion carbon 12 atoms. Carbon (C12, C13 and C14) is acquired by plants from carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. Animals get carbon by breathing in carbon dioxide and by ingesting plants and other animals. The result is that all living things have a specific ratio of carbon 12 and carbon 14 isotopes. Generally speaking, it is the same ratio found in the atmosphere. The ratio begins to change, however, when a plant or animal dies and it is no longer taking on carbon from nature. Carbon 14, unlike carbon 12 and carbon 13, is radioactive. This means that over time the carbon 14 atoms will decay. When the isotope carbon 14 decays it gives off a beta particle and in doing so becomes nitrogen 14. The amount of carbon 12 and carbon 13, however, remains constant.

54. Creation Bits Number 23 CREATION BITS No 23. carbon14 and the Age of the Earth Since there s very little 13C, we ll ignore it in this discussion of dating. http://www.rae.org/bits23.htm

CREATION BITS No 23. Carbon-14 and the Age of the Earth Author: Curt Sewell Subject: Creation Overviews Date: Curt Sewell is the author of God at Ground Zero Essays by Author Essays by Subject Essays by Date ... Shopping Cart What is Carbon-14? Carbon is an element that is required for life. All plants and animals contain carbon. Most of the carbon in the world is either Carbon-12 or Carbon-13 ( C or C), which are both stable, but a tiny fraction is C, which is radioactive, releasing a weak beta particle. The radioactive half-life for this emission is 5,730 years. Since there's very little C, we'll ignore it in this discussion of dating. While a plant is alive, its growth cycle causes it to absorb CO from the atmosphere, absorb sunlight, and undergo photosynthesis the carbon is used as food to cause the plant to grow, while the oxygen is released back into the atmosphere. Animals (and humans) eat plants and meat (both of which contain carbon), and breathe the air, which contains a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide. They retain the carbon and oxygen, and exhale CO as waste. In this way, both plants and animals are constantly exchanging carbon and oxygen with that in the atmosphere. While they are alive, their bodies contain the same fraction of the three carbon isotopes as does the atmosphere, but at death, respiration ceases and the exchange stops. Since

55. Carbon Dating carbon14 is used for a dating material because once it has been formed, C14 begins to decay radioactively back to nitrogen-14, at a rate of change that can http://www.creationevidence.org/scientific_evid/carbon/se_carbon.html

Creation Science Briefs Subject: Carbon Dating A less-common form of the carbon atom, carbon-14, is used today by scientists as a method to date once-living organisms. Many people believe that carbon dating disproves the Biblical time scale of history. However, because of the difficulties with current C14 dating techniques, the dates produced have been shown to be faulty. CEM Staff Coal:Evidence/Young Earth Evidence for Creation Magnetic Field Created Earth ... www.creationevidence.org

56. Linné On Line - Use Of Carbon-14 For Dating Use of carbon14 for dating. At the Tandem-accelerator laboratory at Uppsala University one uses carbon-14 to determine the age of different organic http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/phy/microcosmos/carbon-14.html

@import url(/online/css/maincss.css); Skip links Introduction The Life of Linnaeus Linnaeus and Pharmacy ... Big Bang Glossary: Physics and the Cosmos, Persons Physics and the Cosmos, Glossary The History of Ideas Linnaeus and Ecology ... The atomic nucleus Use of Carbon-14 for dating Use of Carbon-14 for dating Interior of the Tandem-accelerator laboratory in Uppsala. Responsible: Gunnar Tibell, Executive Editor Webmaster

57. Time Shown below are some of the typical radioactive isotopes used for dating. carbon14 - 5730 years (decays to Nitrogen-14); Uranium-235 - 704 million years http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/isb200/time.htm

Absolute Dating Ralph E. Taggart, Professor Department of Plant Biology Department of Geological Sciences Michigan State University Fossils Prior to the development of techniques for radiogenic dating, the age of rock units was determined by the fossils, which were present. Fossils used for dating/correlation of geological strata are called guide or index fossils . The ideal index fossil is marine (like this early Paleozoic trilobite), since marine organisms tend to be widely distributed, with a restricted age distribution. Geologists attempted to estimate the age of the various time units using criteria such as rates of deposition of various kinds of sediments and the accumulation of salt in the oceans. While prone to major errors, such attempts did indicate that the earth was much older than the 6000 or so years suggested by biblical chronologies. Radiogenic Dating Radiogenic dating, the use of radioactive isotopes or nuclides , became feasible after WWII. Every radioactive isotope has a distinct half-life - the time required for half the population of radioactive atoms to decay to specific daughter isotopes or nuclides. Shown below are some of the typical radioactive isotopes used for dating:

58. Radiocarbon (Carbon-14) Dating And The Qur'anic Manuscripts A brief discussion of radiocarbon (carbon14) dating and its application to the Qur anic manuscripts. http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Mss/radio.html

Radiocarbon (Carbon-14) Dating And The Qur'anic Manuscripts First Composed: 21st May 2006 Last Modified: 29th October 2006 Assalamu-‘alaykum wa rahamatullahi wa barakatuhu: 1. Introduction Radiocarbon, or Carbon-14 dating was developed by W. F. Libby, E. C. Anderson and J. R. Arnold in 1949. This radiometric dating technique is a way of determining the age of certain archaeological artefacts of a biological origin up to about 50,000 years old. It is perhaps one of the most widely used and best known absolute dating methods and has become an indispensable part of an archaeologist's tool-kit. In 1960, Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for radiocarbon dating. In this paper we would briefly discuss the principles and practice of radiocarbon dating. This will enable the reader to gain an appreciation of the advantages and disadvantages of this process. Is carbon dating applied to the Qur'anic manuscripts? Can radiocarbon dating provide more accurate results than traditional palaeographic techniques and associated methods? We will also focus on these questions in the final section of our discussion. 2. Principles And Practice

59. Failure Of The Carbon 14 Dating Of The Shroud Of Turin No matter what any one of us may believe about the Shroud’s authenticity, we can no longer say that carbon 14 dating proves medieval origins; for the tests http://www.shroudforum.com/carbon-14-intro.htm

Failure in the 1988 Carbon 14 Dating A January 20, 2005 article in the scholarly, peer-reviewed scientific journal Thermochimica Acta (Volume 425, pages 189-194, by Raymond N. Rogers, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California) makes it perfectly clear: the carbon 14 dating sample cut from the Shroud in 1988 was not valid. In fact, the Shroud is much older than the carbon 14 tests suggested. Photomicrograph of fibers from middle of carbon 14 sample. It is chemically unlike the rest of the shroud. That is a problem. No matter what any one of us may believe about the Shroud’s authenticity, we can no longer say that carbon 14 dating proves medieval origins; for the tests in 1988 were botched. For those who after 1988 continued to believe that the Shroud was the genuine burial cloth of Jesus, a winter of ridicule and doubts has ended. For all who use carbon 14 dating to study all manner of ancient objects, a period of careful reassessment is just beginning. There are, in understanding what went wrong, important lessons that will ripple through archeology, anthropology, forensics and science lecture halls whenever and wherever carbon 14 dating is discussed. Students will ask why a single sample from a suspect corner was used. They will wonder why protestations from experts in the Shroud's chemistry were ignored. The will ask why documented data was not considered. They will talk about the clues of material intrusion that were simply ignored.

60. Radiocarbon WEB-info Extensive information concerning the radiocarbon dating method from Tom Higham, Radiocarbon Laboratory, University of Waikato, New Zealand. http://www.c14dating.com/

Welcome to radiocarbon WEB-info. Radiocarbon dating is the technique upon which chronologies of the late Pleistocene and Holocene have been built. This resource is designed to provide online information concerning the radiocarbon dating method. We hope it will be of occasional use to radiocarbon users and interested students alike. thomas.higham@archaeology-research.oxford.ac.uk INDEX Introduction Measurement Applications WWW Links ... Email LAST MODIFIED 16 May 2002 HTML DOCUMENT BY T. HIGHAM.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 3     41-60 of 86    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20