21. Biodiversity And WORLDMAP. The biogeography Conservation Lab s research programme is a specific Natural History Museum (NHM) response to the Convention on Biological Diversity and http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/worldmap/

@import url("/css/page.css"); @import url("/css/nhm.css"); @import url("/css/research-curation/section.css"); @import url("/css/hacks/IE5win.css"); @import url("/css/typography.css"); @import url("/css/content.css"); @import "/css/hacks/IE5mac.css"; @import url("/css/microsites/microsite-legacy.css"); Skip to page content Research and curation Business centre About us Search Home Visit us Nature online Kids only ... Tring Back to: Projects You are here: Home Projects Biodiversity and WorldMap Biodiversity and WorldMap Biodiversity value Biogeography Worldmap software(demo 26.8.2001) Key references ... World Map Site Map GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY VALUE: a map showing the distribution of some of the most highly valued terrestrial biodiversity world-wide (mammals, reptiles, amphibians and seed plants), using family-level data for equal-area grid cells ref 10 , with red for high biodiversity and blue for low biodiversity. The research programme is a specific Natural History Museum (NHM) response to the Convention on Biological Diversity and the lab is an active partner in many national and international biodiversity initiatives. Its mission is to develop and apply appropriate, explicit and accountable methods to tackle problems in biogeography and in biodiversity assessment to meet conservation needs at any spatial scale (it does not provide data).

22. Island Biogeography island biogeography the study of the species composition and SR on islands Island biogeography theory (IBT) a theory proposed to account for the http://www.okstate.edu/artsci/botany/bisc3034/lnotes/islands.htm

ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY Definitions Island Biogeography Theory Examples of Island Biogeography Habitat Islands Endemism DEFINITIONS biogeography : the study of the geographic location of species. island biogeography : the study of the species composition and SR on islands equilibrium species number : The SR of an island at which immigration balances extinction, and which remains roughly constant. extinction and immigration : These mean slightly different things in community ecology. Extinction is the disappearance of a species in a community. Immigration is the appearance of a species in a community ("speciation" is almost nonexistent in the spatial and temporal scales used by ecologists) Island biogeography theory (IBT) : a theory proposed to account for the equilibrium SR on islands. EXAMPLES OF ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY Simberloff and Wilson 1970: Small mangrove islands in the Florida Keys exhibit high arthropod SR on large and near islands, and low SR on small and far islands predicted according to IBT. They then fogged the islands with methyl bromide, and followed arthropod populations. Within several weeks, SR returned approximately to previous levels, implying they had reached equilibrium. Diamond 1969: Diamond compared 1917 and 1968 bird surveys of the Channel Islands of California, which vary in size and distance from the mainland. There is approximately the same SR in both surveys. However, species composition was different (30% of the species were not shared between the two surveys). This implies that the islands have equilibrium SR, though not species composition.

23. Biogeography Lab The biogeography Lab of the Geography Department is directed by Professor Thomas T. Veblen and supports research in the areas of forest dynamics, http://www.colorado.edu/geography/biogeography/

Home People Projects Publications ... Contact Biogeography Lab The Biogeography Lab of the Geography Department is directed by Professor Thomas T. Veblen and supports research in the areas of forest dynamics, disturbance ecology and dendroecology. The principal facilities of the Lab include two computerized tree-ring measuring systems, field equipment and instrumentation to support research in plant ecology and dendrochronology, and basic support for GIS applications in vegetation science. Currently, the Lab supports research by two postdoctoral research associates and six graduate students, assisted by approximately five undergraduate students. Home People Projects Publications ... Contact Contact the webmaster Page last updated November 20, 2007 top

24. Tetrahymena Biogeography This Web Site provides an arbitrary transect through the history of experimental work on Tetrahymena and raises questions about the evolution and ecology of http://www.life.uiuc.edu/nanney/

The Biogeography and Biodiversity of Tetrahymena Tetrahymana allensae alphacandensis alphapyriformis alphatropicalis americanis-americanis americanis asiatica australis betariformis betatropicalis borealis canadensis capricornis. cosmopolitanis deltatropicalis elliotti gammatropicalis hegewischi hyperangularis leucophrys mimbres nanneyi nippisingi paraamericanis patula pigmentosa oriasi pigmentosa europigmentosa pyriformis rostrata setosa shanghaiensis silvani sonneborni thermophila tropicalis. vorax Tetrahymena Links Society of Protozoologists Tetrahyema Genome Project Tetrahymena Web Links I. Nanney Autobiographic Essays Candide in Academe Meets Tracy Agonistes A coming of Age in Bloomington, 1946-1951 Tilting Windmills - Educational Misadventures in the Big Ten "The materials found on this web site are the imperfect first drafts in a series of essays, and are currently and constantly under revision. Your comments, corrections, and additions are heartily welcomed.....d-nanney@uiuc.edu" II. Tetrahymena in the Real World

25. OUP: UK General Catalogue Cladistic biogeography is the study of the historical and evolutionary relationships The first edition of Cladistic biogeography was published in 1986. http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-854818-4

NEVER MISS AN OXFORD SALE (SIGN UP HERE) VIEW BASKET Quick Links About OUP Career Opportunities Contacts Need help? News oup.com Search the Catalogue Site Index American National Biography Booksellers' Information Service Children's Fiction and Poetry Children's Reference Dictionaries Dictionary of National Biography Digital Reference English Language Teaching Higher Education Textbooks Humanities International Education Unit Journals Law Medicine Music Online Products Oxford English Dictionary Reference Rights and Permissions Science School Books Social Sciences Very Short Introductions World's Classics Advanced Search UK and Europe Book Catalogue Help with online ordering How to order Postage Returns policy ... Table of Contents 50-75% Off 100's of titles Visit the OUP Book Sale Cladistic Biogeography Second Edition Christopher J. Humphries and Lynne R. Parenti ISBN-13: 978-0-19-854818-8 Publication date: 15 April 1999 199 pages, 2 halftones, 82 line figures, 234x156 mm Series: Oxford Biogeography Series number 12 Search for titles in the same series Ordering Individual customers may: order by phone, post, or fax

26. Island Biogeography Wilson of Harvard, developed a theory of island biogeography to explain such uneven distributions. They proposed that the number of species on any island http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Island_Biogeography.html

Island Biogeography W hy do many more species of birds occur on the island of New Guinea than on the island of Bali? One answer is that New Guinea has more than fifty times the area of Bali, and numbers of species ordinarily increase with available space. This does not, however, explain why the Society Islands (Tahiti, Moorea, Bora Bora, etc.), which collectively have about the same area as the islands of the Louisiade Archipelago off New Guinea, play host to many fewer species, or why the Hawaiian Islands, ten times the area of the Louisiades, also have fewer native birds. The theory predicts other things, too. For instance, everything else being equal, distant islands will have lower immigration rates than those close to a mainland, and equilibrium will occur with fewer species on distant islands. Close islands will have high immigration rates and support more species. By similar reasoning, large islands, with their lower extinction rates, will have more species than small ones again everything else being equal (which it frequently is not, for larger islands often have a greater variety of habitats and more species for that reason). Island biogeographic theory has been applied to many kinds of problems, including forecasting faunal changes caused by fragmenting previously continuous habitat. For instance, in most of the eastern United States only patches of the once-great deciduous forest remain, and many species of songbirds are disappearing from those patches. One reason for the decline in birds, according to the theory, is that fragmentation leads to both lower immigration rates (gaps between fragments are not crossed easily) and higher extinction rates (less area supports fewer species).

27. Bagheera: An Endangered Species And Endangered Animal Online Education Resource Island biogeography is the study of the distribution and dynamics of species Habitat fragmentation and the lessons of island biogeography indicate that http://bagheera.com/inthewild/spot_spisland.htm

HOME IN THE WILD IN THE CLASS RESOURCES ... CLASSROOM SPOTLIGHT ON: ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY (AND FRAGMENTATION) Island biogeography is the study of the distribution and dynamics of species in island environments. Due to their isolation from more widespread continental species, islands are ideal places for unique species to evolve. Island species are especially vulnerable to extinction because they have a small geographic range. They are limited to the island or a particular part of the island, and they usually have low population numbers. These factors make them more likely to become extinct as a result of natural factors such as disease, fire, and normal population fluctuations. If the population is small to begin with, a natural occurrence may occasionally kill enough individuals so there is no longer a viable population of that species. This dynamic is exacerbated when introduced species such as humans, their domesticated animals, pests, and diseases arrive on the island. Native species that have evolved without contact with these new organisms are often unable to compete or defend themselves. Habitat destruction, direct hunting, competition for food, and other factors put intense pressure on island species. In the continental setting, a species may still have other undisturbed populations located in other areas, or the local population may be augmented by incoming individuals from other populations not experiencing the same pressures. In the island setting, there are no other populations to draw from, and the species may very well become extinct.

28. Biogeography biogeography is the science that attempts to document and understand spatial patterns of biodiversity. It is the study of distributions of organisms, http://www.geog.ubc.ca/richmond/city/biogeography.htm

The Biodiversity of Richmond, British Columbia What is Biogeography? (under construction) Biogeography is the science that attempts to document and understand spatial patterns of biodiversity. It is the study of distributions of organisms, both past and present, and of related patterns of variation over the earth in the numbers and kinds of living things. Where do species occur, why do they occur there, and where are the greatest concentrations? The implications of these questions for global health are enormous. It is the species on the planet that feed us, clothe us, medicate us, and shelter us. They produce oxygen, filter water and provide fuel. In times of climate change, we need an immense variety of species in order offset the resulting environmental change. In biogeography we examine several concepts. These include species distribution and abundance (why species occur where they do), population health and viability, endemism, the biogeography of islands, rarity, equilibium theory, speciation and species hotspots. We examine what makes one species common or even abundant, and what makes another species rare. The causes of rarity and abundance have always been of ecological interest, and have been studied by such eminent ecologists as Mayr, Simberloff, Wilson, Keddy, and others. Keddy's work is of particular interest to us living along the shores of the Fraser River. He has studied wetland ecology, including shoreline species ecology, competition in plants, assembly rules and invasive species.

29. European Bison Biogeography Natural history, evolution, distribution, and timeline of the status of the species through the centuries. http://www.sfsu.edu/~geog/bholzman/courses/316projects/bison.html

Geography 316: Biogeography In progress 5/14/99 The Biogeography of the European Bison Bison bonasus bonasus by Donald Patterson, student in Geography 316 Photo Source: J.Krasinski Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Orders Artiodactyla Family Bovidae Genus Bison Species bonasus Subspecies bonasus Natural History: The largest concentration of European bison live in Poland's Bialowieza National Park (Falinski, 1999). It is here that Europe's last remaining primeval forest stands. The National Park covers an area of about 20-square miles, which is located within the larger (and lesser protected) Bialowieza forest – 220sq.mi., and is contiguous to Belarus’ Beloveskaja Pusca National Park – 335sq.mi (WCMC, 1999) The ancient forest lies in a flat, moist region consisting of 26 species of trees, 55 species of shrubs, 14 species dwarf shrubs, and 62 species of mammals, of which wolves and lynx are important predators of young and weak bison. These are a few of the over 10,000 species that contribute to the forest’s rich biodiversity (Falinski, 1999)

30. SwetsWise: Login www.swetswise.com/eAccess/ viewTitleIssues.do?titleID=85239 Similar pages island biogeography introduction to the theory of islandwww.iaora.com/NatHist/biogeography.htm - Similar pages Harvard University Press Historical biogeography An Historical biogeography An Introduction by Jorge V. Crisci, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.swetswise.com/eAccess/viewTitleIssues.do?titleID=85239

31. MacArthur, R.H. And Wilson, E.O.: The Theory Of Island Biogeography. of the book The Theory of Island biogeography by MacArthur, RH and Wilson, EO, published by Princeton University Press....... http://pup.princeton.edu/titles/7051.html

Book Search: Keywords Author Title or ISBN More Options Power Search Search Hints Google contents of this website: Google full text of our books: The Theory of Island Biogeography One of Princeton University Press's Notable Centenary Titles. With a new preface by Edward O. Wilson Shopping Cart Reviews Table of Contents Google full text of this book: Biogeography was stuck in a "natural history phase" dominated by the collection of data, the young Princeton biologists Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson argued in 1967. In this book, the authors developed a general theory to explain the facts of island biogeography. The theory builds on the first principles of population ecology and genetics to explain how distance and area combine to regulate the balance between immigration and extinction in island populations. The authors then test the theory against data. The Theory of Island Biogeography was never intended as the last word on the subject. Instead, MacArthur and Wilson sought to stimulate new forms of theoretical and empirical studies, which will lead in turn to a stronger general theory. Even a third of a century since its publication, the book continues to serve that purpose well. From popular books like David Quammen's Song of the Dodo to arguments in the professional literature

32. Biogeography Lab The biogeography Laboratory conducts basic and applied research on the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of species and ecosystems. http://www.crseo.ucsb.edu/biogeog/biogeog.html

Biogeography Laboratory Center for Remote Sensing and Environmental Optics University of California at Santa Barbara Overview of the Biogeography Lab The Biogeography Laboratory conducts basic and applied research on the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of species and ecosystems. Research to date has focused on the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing methods for mapping and modelling at a regional scale vegetation cover types, wildlife distributions, and long-term vegetation change, as well as on methods for assessing the accuracy of vegetation maps. Most work has concentrated on the region of California and the West. The lab is in the Geography Department at UC Santa Barbara, and is headed by Dr. Frank Davis. Projects People Publications Datasets Click here to get to the ftp site for various Biogeography Lab datasets. Return to ICESS Home Page

33. Biogeography Darwin thought up his Theory Of Common Descent because he had found biogeographic evidence. He thought that that evidence was much stronger than the fossil http://www.don-lindsay-archive.org/creation/biogeography.html

Biogeography: The Geographic Distribution Of Species Darwin thought up his Theory Of Common Descent because he had found biogeographic evidence. He thought that that evidence was much stronger than the fossil evidence. Scientists still think so. Basically, some species have suspicious resemblances to supposedly different species that just happen to live nearby. Often, it would be better design for them to instead resemble some further-away species. And, this is the norm. There are a huge number of good examples. The trees on the remote island of St. Helena are unlike the trees anywhere else on earth. Sunflowers are the closest relative to the strange gumwood tree and to the various cabbage-trees. And, the most closely related sunflower is the local sunflower. The scientific explanation is that this volcanic island was originally formed far away from any continent, and therefore started out with no land plants. Eventually, some sunflower seeds managed to get there. Since no one else was filling the role of "tree", the largest plants on the island - some of the sunflowers - took the job. Transformed by time and competition and by the demands of their role, they now look like trees. Every other remote island has its own examples. In the Galapagos, the role of woodpecker is taken by a finch. Or rather, it's mostly a finch, but it has a beak specialized for the woodpecker role. Apparently, the only land bird which got to the Galapagos was a finch, so all the land birds there are modified finches. (DNA studies prove the relationship.)

34. Prehistoric Aesthetics Explains Snail Biogeography Puzzle An odd distribution pattern of a rare snail has had biologists scratching their heads since at least the 1880s. Over the years they ve come up with a http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070918172321.htm

Science News Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark Prehistoric Aesthetics Explains Snail Biogeography Puzzle ScienceDaily (Sep. 19, 2007) See also: Trees Nature Biology Evolution ... Eucalyptus and related trees The team's findings, published online Sept. 12 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, have implications for conservation efforts aimed at rescuing nearly-extinct Tahitian tree snails. The odd distribution pattern has had biologists scratching their heads since at least the 1880s. Over the years they've come up with a variety of possible explanations, suggesting for example that the white-shelled forms are actually all distinct species that independently evolved on different islands. "Land snails are known to have been introduced to many Pacific islands by Polynesians but all the other cases were inadvertent introductions involving tiny snails of continental origin associated with food crops; the introduced snails were not endemic to the islands," said Ó Foighil, who is an associate professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and a curator at the U-M Museum of Zoology. If the white snails were similarly transported by accident, their distribution pattern should be random, with nearby islands being much more likely than more distant ones to have received them. "The fact that they're not present on nearby islands suggests deliberate introduction to the more distant archipelagos," Ó Foighil said.

35. Biogeography www.unlv.edu/faculty/riddle/biogeography.html Similar pages Island biogeography and EvolutionIsland biogeography and Evolution Solving a Phylogenetic Puzzle With Molecular Genetics. Introduction. Ever since Charles Darwin formulated his hypothesis http://www.unlv.edu/faculty/riddle/biogeography.html

36. Biogeography And Evolution biogeography (the distribution of life forms over geographical areas) is another piece of evidence that supports evolution. If evolution were in fact the http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/evolution/blfaq_evolution_evidence14.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Agnosticism / Atheism Agnosticism / Atheism Atheism ... Help Evolution FAQ Is Evolution Science? Biogeography and Evolution Basics Evidence: Index Related FAQ Links Site Resources Main Site Index What is Atheism? Arguments for / against Gods Evolution vs. Creationism ... Book Reviews Chat Room Join others in the Agnosticism/Atheism chat Biogeography (the distribution of life forms over geographical areas) is another piece of evidence that supports evolution. If evolution were in fact the case, you would generally expect species that are closely related to be found near each other unless there were a good reason for them not to be, such as great mobility (for example, sea animals, birds, and animals distributed by humans, or, over longer time frames, plate tectonics). In general, the biogeographic distribution of species supports evolution. Species are distributed around the globe largely in relation to their relationships to one another, with some understood exceptions. For example, marsupials are found almost exclusively in Australia, whereas placental mammals (not counting those brought there by humans) are very rare in Australia. The few exceptions are explainable by continental drift (remember that South America, Australia and Antarctica were once part of one continent). There are many other examples of such expected biogeographical distributions. If life forms arose independently, it would make as much if not more sense for them to exist wherever an environment could support them, as opposed to being distributed according to their apparent relationship to other life forms. Biogeographical distribution according to biological relationship makes perfect sense if organisms evolved.

37. Rainforest Biogeography biogeography and Plate Tectonics. Developments in palaeontology and stratigraphy v.10. Elsevier, Cambridge. 350 pp. Jacobs M. (1983). The dipterocarps. http://www.esd.ornl.gov/projects/qen/rainfo.html

"Who the heck is this Jonathan Adams, anyway?" This text is a modified and slightly expanded version of a section commissioned for the encyclopedia 'Biosphere' Biosfera ) by Encyclopedia Catalana, published in Barcelona, Spain in 1994. THE DISTRIBUTION AND VARIETY OF EQUATORIAL RAIN FOREST by Jonathan Adams, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA The natural distribution of equatorial rainforest. The equatorial rainforest climate . Near to the Equator, the intense energy input from the sun produces the intertropical convergence zone (the ITCZ), a convection zone of rising air that loses its moisture as frequent, intense rainstorms. In equatorial areas that are relatively isolated from the sea winds that carry water vapour inland, there are breaks in the rainforest belt. Likewise, travelling north and south away from the Equator one generally finds a decrease in rainfall, as the influence of the ITCZ becomes weaker. In these drier places, wherever the annual rainfall falls below about 1600mm with an intense dry season during part of the year, the rainforest gives way to either monsoon (seasonal) forest, open woodland or grassland. However, the actual limits of rainforest do also vary greatly with soil type, and the amount of disturbance from humans and fires. Where the climate remains moist enough to support equatorial rainforest outside the main tropical belt, what finally puts paid to it are low temperatures and frosts. In a few places in the world, such as southern China, a belt of moist evergreen forest continues north or southwards well away from the Equator (as far as 26 degrees North in south-western China), nourished by moisture-bearing winds from the oceans. The ultimate limits to equatorial rainforest in these areas seem to be related to the mean temperature of the coldest winter month, with the final (and rather subjective) boundary between equatorial rainforest and temperate rainforest being drawn on maps at around the point where there is a significant probability of occasional frosts occurring on cold winter nights.

38. Landscape Ecology And Ecological Biogeography Historical biogeographic analysis will shed light on the origin and radiation of various species groups within Ctenotus, the aridification and vicariance of http://uts.cc.utexas.edu/~varanus/biogeog.html

Landscape ecology and ecological biogeography (For an outline, click here Fire Succession in Inland Western Australia The importance of spatial scale has been neglected in traditional ecology, although not in the emerging field of landscape ecology. While the implications of the landscape on ecology have long been appreciated, only recently have quantitative methods of study been exploited. In the past, ecologists, including myself, have focused on local-level processes. Larger scale regional factors also control local phenomena. Local species richness may often be a consequence of regional processes. Relatively little empirical attention has been given to the interaction between these two levels. Unfortunately, few complete closed regions remain unfragmented by human activities in which regional and local phenomena can still be studied simultaneously. I am undertaking such a study in the uninhabited Great Victoria desert of Western Australia, an area with an extremely high diversity of lizards. Landsat MSS false color image of part of the Great Victoria desert. Blue and white areas are dry lake beds (Lake Throssel and Lake Rason). Note the numerous fire scars (lighter biege patches), their tongues and spatial complexity. Fires frequently reticulate, leaving behind isolated patches of unburned habitats (darker brown patches embedded within fire scars) which act as refuges. Scene is approximately 100 km by 150 km.

39. CCMA: Biogeography Team: Habitat Digitizer biogeography Projects Products and Publications Contacts. You are here Home » biogeography » Habitat Digitizer http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/products/biogeography/digitizer/

@import url(/css/fixed.css); @import url(/css/biogeo.css); @import url(/css/print.css); Skip navigation Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA) Science Serving Coastal Communities Home NCCOS Home About Us Biogeography ... Opportunities This site all NOAA Advanced Search Biogeography Projects Products and Publications ... Contacts You are here: Home Biogeography Habitat Digitizer Extension The Habitat Digitizer Extension is designed to use a hierarchical classification scheme to delineate habitats by visually interpreting georeferenced images such as aerial photographs, satellite images, and side scan sonar. The extension allows users to create custom classification schemes and rapidly delineate and attribute polygons, lines, and points using simple menus. The extension allows new hierarchical classification schemes to be easily created, modified, and saved for use on future mapping projects. There are several advantages to using classification schemes with a hierarchical structure including: the detail of habitat categories can be expanded or collapsed to suit user needs, the thematic accuracy of each category/hierarchical level can be determined, and additional categories can be easily added or deleted at any level of the scheme to suit user needs. Habitat Digitizer 'One Pager' Version 4.0 for ArcGIS 9

40. First Insights Into The Biodiversity And Biogeography Of The Southern Ocean Deep Bathymetric and biogeographic trends varied between taxa. In groups such as the isopods and polychaetes, slope assemblages included species that have http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v447/n7142/abs/nature05827.html

@import "/common/style/layout.css";/* do not edit this stylesheet */ @import "/common/style/layout_wide_banner.css";/* do not edit this stylesheet */ @import "/common/style/main.css";/* do not edit this stylesheet */ @import "/common/style/header_footer_smallfonts.css";/* do not edit this stylesheet */ @import "/nature/style/site.css";/* edit this stylesheet only */ @import "/common/style/restrict_width/930px.css"; nature.com homepage Jump to main content Jump to navigation ... Browse by subject Search This journal All of Nature.com Advanced search Journal home Archive Letter Abstract Letter Nature doi ; Received 13 September 2006; Accepted 10 April 2007 First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea Angelika Brandt , Andrew J. Gooday , Saskia Brix , Tomas Cedhagen , Madhumita Choudhury , Nils Cornelius , Bruno Danis , Ilse De Mesel , Robert J. Diaz , David C. Gillan , Brigitte Ebbe , John A. Howe , Dorte Janussen , Stefanie Kaiser , Katrin Linse , Marina Malyutina , Jan Pawlowski , Michael Raupach Zoological Museum Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany

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