61. William Francis Giauque, May 12, 1895—March 28, 1982 | By Kenneth S. Pitzer And william francis GIAUQUE is remembered particularly for his discovery of adiabatic . Undaunted by aston s authority, Giauque calculated the frequencies http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/wgiauque.html

BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS National Academy of Sciences Courtesy of the Giauque Scientific Papers Foundation, Inc. William Francis Giauque By Kenneth S. Pitzer and David A. Shirley WILLIAM FRANCIS GIAUQUE is remembered particularly for his discovery of adiabatic demagnetization as a means to reach very low temperatures as well as for his exhaustive and meticulous thermodynamic studies, over a lifetime of research, which utilized the third law of thermodynamics while also developing a large body of evidence for its validity. His "achievements in the field of chemical thermodynamics and especially his work on the behavior of matter at very low temperatures and his closely allied studies of entropy" were cited by the Nobel Committee for Chemistry in the award of the prize in 1949. Giauque was born May 12, 1895, in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, the eldest of two sons and one daughter of William Tecumseh Giauque and Isabella Jane (Duncan) Giauque. His father was an American citizen, and thus William Francis Giauque was able to adopt American citizenship although born in Canada. Neither of Giauque's parents completed a formal high school education, but both were convinced of the value of education. His father was a skilled carpenter and cabinetmaker and was adept at mechanical procedures in general. He was employed variously as a weighmaster and station agent for the Michigan Central Railroad. Giauque's mother was skilled in sewing and tailoring and worked in those occupations on occasion. His father died when Giauque was thirteen, leaving the family with meager financial resources that had to be supplemented from part-time and summer jobs by all members. Among these jobs was part-time seamstress work by the mother for the family of Dr. John Woods Beckman, assigned to Niagara Falls by his employer, American Cyanamid Company. This connection had a pivotal role in William Francis Giauque's later education and career.

62. List Of Scientists By Field Astbury, william Thomas. Astbury, william Thomas. aston, francis william. aston, francis william. Astruc, Jean. Athenaeus of Attalia. Atwater, Wilbur Olin http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/a.html

Abailard, Pierre Abano, Pietro d' Abano, Pietro d' Abano, Pietro d' Abano, Pietro d' Abbe, Cleveland Abbe, Ernst Abel, John Jacob Abel, John Jacob Abel, John Jacob Abel, Niels Henrik Abel, Othenio Abetti, Antonio Abich, Otto Hermann Wilhelm Abney, William de Wiveleslie Abney, William de Wiveleslie Abraham, Max Abreu, Aleixo de Accum, Friedrich Christian Achard, Franz Karl Achard, Franz Karl Acharius, Erik Achillini, Alessandro Achillini, Alessandro Adam of Bodenstein Adam of Bodenstein Adams, Frank Dawson Adams, John Couch Adams, John Couch Adams, Leason Heberling Adams, Leason Heberling Adams, Roger Adams, Walter Sydney Adanson, Michel Adanson, Michel Addison, Thomas Adelard of Bath Adelard of Bath Adet, Pierre-Auguste Adrain, Robert Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodosius Aepinus, Franz Ulrich Theodosius Agardh, Carl Adolph Agardh, Jacob Georg Agassiz, Alexander Agassiz, Alexander Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe Agathinus, Claudius Agnesi, Maria Gaetana Agol, Izrail' Iosifovich Agol, Izrail' Iosifovich Agricola, Georgius Agricola, Georgius

63. Biographies Of The Nuclear Age aston, francis william (1) francis william aston from Nuclear Files, (2) francis W. aston (3) aston, francis william from Encyclopædia Britannica http://www.42explore2.com/nuclear3.htm

Biographies of the Nuclear Age This webpage is a companion to a project on the Nuclear Age from eduScapes . Housed below is an indexed list of biography links for a select group of people that have made significant contributions or roles in the fields of nuclear energy, nuclear physics, nuclear medicine, nuclear armament and disarmament. Don't miss the other sites, Nuclear Age or , where you can find lots more related information, resources, activities, lesson plans, and more. Biography of the Developers of the First Atomic Bomb http://www2.vo.lu/homepages/geko/atom/biogr.htm Here you find brief biographies of Neils Bohr, Joseph Carter, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feyman, Robert Oppenheimer and biographies of Lise Meitner, Albert Einstein, Otto Hahn and Leo Szilard. Similar Multiple-biography Website: 2) Radioactivity: Famous People from Broadoak Community School http://www.darvill.clara.net/nucrad/people.htm

64. September 1 - Today In Science History His book, Methods of Celestial Mechanics, taught a generation of celestial mechanicians. He also redetermined astronomical constants. francis william aston http://www.todayinsci.com/9/9_01.htm

SEPTEMBER 1 - BIRTHS Karl August Folkers (source) Born 1 Sep 1906; died 9 Dec 1997 U.S. chemist whose research on vitamins resulted in the isolation of vitamin B12, the only effective agent known in countering pernicious anemia. Dirk Brouwer (source) Born 1 Sep 1902; died 31 Jan 1966 Dutch-born U.S. astronomer and geophysicist known for his achievements in celestial mechanics, especially for his pioneering application of high-speed digital computers for astronomical computations. While still a student he determined the mass of Titan from its influence on other Saturnian moons. Brouwer developed general methods for finding orbits and computing errors and applied these methods to comets, asteroids, and planets. He computed the orbits of the first artificial satellites and from them obtained increased knowledge of the figure of the earth. His book, Methods of Celestial Mechanics , taught a generation of celestial mechanicians. He also redetermined astronomical constants. Francis William Aston (EB) Born 1 Sep 1877; died 20 Nov 1945 British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1922 for his development of the mass spectrograph, a device that separates atoms or molecular fragments of different mass and measures those masses with remarkable accuracy. Aston used the mass spectograph to discover a large number of nuclides, or nuclear species.

65. Fathom :: The Source For Online Learning francis william aston established the isotopes of the nonradioactive elements and in 1922 won the Nobel prize for Chemistry for his ground-breaking work. http://www.fathom.com/feature/122356/index.html

Media Index By Learning Center Jewish Studies Exploring Biodiversity Locating the Victorians Shakespeare Women's Studies African American Studies September 11 The World of the Pyramids Exploring the Deep Ocean Discovering Mammals By Institution American Film Institute British Library British Museum Cambridge University Press Columbia University London School of Economics Natural History Museum New York Public Library RAND Science Museum University of Chicago University of Michigan Museum Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Aston's Mass Spectrograph EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION rancis William Aston (1877-1945) was presented with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry on 10 December 1922 for his work in establishing the isotopes of the non-radioactive elements. Isotopes are atoms which have the same chemical properties, but different atomic mass. For example, carbon can exist in its common form C or the less common form C . At the award ceremony it was acknowledged that while radioactive elements had readily shown the existence of isotopes, to prove that non-radioactive elements could be a mixture of different isotopes had been far from easy. JJ Thomson, himself a Nobel Laureate, had achieved inconclusive experimental results to this end, but his assistant, Aston, used a quartz microbalance and mass spectrograph to identify two isotopes of the element neon. He went on to employ his original mass spectrograph to find the different isotopes of about fifty elements.

66. ANSTO Streets francis william aston was born in September 1877 in Birmingham, UK. In 1903, he obtained a scholarship to Birmingham University to work on the properties of http://www.ansto.gov.au/discover/visiting_ansto/ansto_streets.html

Search Search Home Discovering ANSTO About ANSTO People at ANSTO ... Contacts Discovering ANSTO ANSTO streets At ANSTO, streets are named after nuclear scientists. The district of Lucas Heights, showing some ANSTO streets, can be seen on Google maps Aston Avenue Becquerel Place Bohr Crescent Niels Bohr was born on 7 October 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark. His doctoral thesis examined the properties of metals in terms of the electron theory and is a classic text on the subject. In this work Bohr was first confronted with the implications of Planck's quantum theory of radiation. Just as Bohr Crescent comes off Rutherford Avenue at ANSTO, the young Bohr worked in Rutherford's laboratory in 1912, where Bohr studied the structure of atoms based on Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus. Bohr worked out a model of atomic structure by introducing concepts from Plank's quantum theory which, with later improvements, is still used to illustrate the properties of elements. His work on the structure of atoms won Bohr the Nobel Prize in 1922. From 1930, Bohr's work focused on nuclear disintegrations. His liquid droplet theory of the nucleus permitted an understanding of nuclear fission. He died in Copenhagen 18 November 1962. Bragg Avenue Chadwick Street Cockroft Place Curie Avenue Dalton Avenue Einstein Avenue Hahn Street Lawrence Crescent Meitner Place Paneth Street Roentgen Street Rutherford Avenue Sir Ernest Rutherford, born in 1871 in New Zealand, was an illustrious scientist and the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908. He was knighted in 1914 and made a Lord in 1931. Rutherford discovered radon, a radioactive gas, and was the first to state that radioactivity is a manifestation of sub-atomic change in 1902. Rutherford invented the Rutherford-Geiger detector of single ionising alpha particles. In 1917, he was the first scientist to discover transmutationby changing nitrogen into oxygen and in 1920 he predicted the existence of the neutron (later discovered by Chadwick). Recognising the power of nuclear energy, he stated publicly that he hoped mankind would not discover how to extract the energy from the nucleus until man was living at peace with his neighbours. He died in Cambridge on 19 October 1937

67. Aston - Definition From The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary Main Entry As·ton Listen to the pronunciation of aston; Pronunciation \ ast n\; Function biographical name. francis william 1877–1945 English http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Aston

Home Visit Our Sites Unabridged Dictionary Learner's Dictionary ... Contact Us Also Visit: Unabridged Encyclopedia Britannica Visual ESL: Learner's for Kids: Spell It! Word Central Dictionary Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Search "Aston" in: Thesaurus Spanish/English Medical Dictionary Open Dictionary Browse words next to: Aston Browse the Dictionary: A B C D ... Z Aston One entry found. Aston Main Entry: Pronunciation: Function: biographical name Learn more about "Aston" and related topics at Britannica.com See a map of "Aston" in the Visual Thesaurus Pronunciation Symbols Products Premium Services ... Advertising Info

68. Journal Of The Chemical Society (Resumed) Articles Obituary notice francis william aston, 1877–1945; Marmaduke Barrowcliff, 1883–1945; John Masson Gulland, 1898–1947;. G. Hevesty, C. J. T. Cronshaw and http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/JR/article.asp?doi=JR9480001468

69. Nobel Prizes francis william aston (18771945), 1922, Discovery via mass spectrograph of isotopes of many non-radioactive elements; enunciation of whole-number rule http://hilltop.bradley.edu/~rbg/Nobel.html

HOME PAGE General/Physical Chemistry since 1800 Organic/biochemistry since 1800. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1901-2003 NOBEL INDEXES: Names Topics Choose a year: Recipients YEAR Subject Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff Laws of chemical dynamics and of osmotic pressure. Emil Hermann Fischer Sugar and purine synthesis Svante August Arrhenius Theory of electrolytic dissociation William Ramsay Discovery of Noble Gases and their placement in the Periodic Table Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer Organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds Investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the electric furnace which bears his name Eduard Buchner Biochemical research: cell-free fermentation Ernest Rutherford Disintegration of elements; chemistry of radioactive substances Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald Catalysis; fundamental principles of chemical equilibria and rates of reaction Otto Wallach Alicyclic compounds Marie Sklodowska Curie Discovery of radium and polonium; isolation of radium and study of its compounds

70. Emilio Segrè Visual Archives Names Cavendish Laboratory; aston, francis william; Bainbridge, Kenneth Tompkins; Chadwick, James, Sir; Oliphant, Mark Laurence, Sir; Walton, Ernest Thomas http://photos-alt.aip.org/search1.jsp?name=Thomson&group=10

71. Prominent Physicists Of The 20th Century aston, francis william Ayrton, Hertha Bainbridge, Kenneth T. Bardeen, John Barkla, Charles Glover Becquerel, AntoineHenri Bell, John Stewart http://aps.org/publications/apsnews/199904/cdrom.cfm

Become a Member Contact Us APS Journals APS News ... Other APS Publications Physicists/Scientists Physics Enthusiasts Policy Makers Media Librarians Home Publications APS News April 1999 (Volume 8, Number 4) Prominent Physicists of the 20th Century Prominent Physicists of the 20th Century Email Print A CD-ROM Photo Collection The APS has developed a collection of portraits of late physicists for the APS centennial. The collection was initiated both to provide a pictorial history of distinguished physicists throughout the last century and to help illustrate talks given by speakers included in the APS Centennial Speakers booklet. The approximately 200 portraits of late physicists selected for the collection have been compiled on CD-ROM. The collection is indexed alphabetically and includes birth and death dates, in addition to a short description of the subject's contribution to physics. How were the names chosen? The selection was done by a committee chaired by APS past President Andrew Sessler, consisting also of physicist-historians Stephen Brush, Gerald Holton, and Spencer Weart. They chose names that were likely to be mentioned in lectures on 20th century physics. But there were two important limitations. First, the committee did not include anyone who died before 1900, although it included a few physicists (such as Boltzmann and Roentgen) whose most important contributions, while made before 1900, had a major impact on 20th century physics. Second, it excluded persons still alive at the end of 1997. Thus you will not find pictures of Galileo, Newton, or Maxwell; nor, will you find entries in the current generation of active outstanding physicists. On the other hand, it interpreted the term "physicist" broadly, including several mathematicians, astronomers, chemists and earth scientists whose work is widely known and highly valued in the physics community.

72. Aston Clinton Photos, Maps, Books, Memories - Francis Frith aston Clinton old photos, old maps, books and memories from The francis Frith william Russell Wilson Bligh came to Australia and was living with his http://www.francisfrith.com/search/england/buckinghamshire/aston clinton/aston c

var activeMenu='explore'; Shopping Basket (0 items) Sign-in/Register Your Shopping Basket summary Your Shopping Basket is empty. Home Explore Your Past Search Browse ... Sign-in or register You need to register for a free Frith account Register now! My Account My account home My albums ... Retail Trade You are here: Home Explore your past England Buckinghamshire > Aston Clinton Aston Clinton Summary Maps Books Memories Select a neighbouring place Buckland (1 mile) Drayton Beauchamp (1 mile) Halton Village (1 mile) Halton (2 miles) Puttenham (2 miles) Drayton Holloway (2 miles) Weston Turville (2 miles) Wilstone (2 miles) Wilstone Green (2 miles) Astrope (2 miles) Miswell (2 miles) Dancers End (2 miles) Halton Camp (2 miles) Hanghill (2 miles) Little Tring (2 miles) Terriers End (2 miles) Tringford (2 miles) West Leith (2 miles) Painesend (2 miles) Gubblecote (2 miles) Long Marston (2 miles) Tring (3 miles) Chivery (3 miles) Wendover (3 miles) Broughton (3 miles) Marsworth (3 miles) Stoke Mandeville (3 miles) New Mill (3 miles) Hastoe (3 miles) Hulcott (3 miles) var initialTab='search-tab-summary';

73. Derek S Family Tree - Person Page 12 francis william RODEN married Kitty Christabel SHELDON, daughter of Edwin SHELDON and Florence TAYLOR, in December 1916 at aston, Birmingham, Warwickshire. http://www.derekjones.org/Jones-p/p12.htm

74. Aston03 Frances aston (bpt 16.04.1612). m. (before 06.1635) Sir william Pershall of Canwell. iv. Gertrude aston. m. Henry Thimelby (dsp 1655, brother of Sir John of http://www.stirnet.com/HTML/genie/british/aa/aston03.htm

parent.document.title='aston03'; Index links to: Lead Letter Families covered: Aston of Forfar, Aston of Milwich, Aston of Parkhall, Aston of Tixall Sir Walter Aston of Tixall (b 08.10.1530, d 02.04.1589) m. (before 08.04.1545) Elizabeth Leveson (dau of Sir James Leveson of Lilleshull) Sir Edward Aston of Tixall and Wanlip, Sheriff of Staffordshire (d 01.02.1597) m1. Mary Spencer (dau of Sir John Spencer of Althorp) A. son (d infant) m2. Anne Lucy (dau of Sir Thomas Lucy of Charlecote) B. Sir Walter Aston, 1st Lord of Forfar (b 09.07.1583, d 13.08.1689) m. (c1607) Gertrude Sadleir (dau of Sir Thomas Sadleir of Standon) i. Walter Aston, 2nd Lord of Forfar (b 1609, d 23.04.1678) m. (1629) Mary Weston (bpt 02.01.1602-3, a 08.1678, dau of Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland) a. Walter Aston, 3rd Lord of Forfar (b 1633, d 24.11.1714) m1. (c1657) Eleanor Blount (d 03.12.1674, dau of Sir Walter Blount, 1st Bart of Sodington) Walter Aston, 4th Lord of Forfar (b 1660/1, d 04.04.1748, 3rd son) m. (01.10.1698) Mary Howard (d 23.05.1723, dau of Thomas Howard of Worksop)

75. ThePeerage.com - Person Page 20534 Ann Pershall d. b May 1711 p20534.htm i205334 Sir william Pershall p20534.htm i205335 Frances aston p20534.htm i205336 Sir Walter aston, 1st Lord http://www.thepeerage.com/p20534.htm

thePeerage.com A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe Person Page - 20534 New Entries FAQ Custom Index(es) Abbreviations ... Next Page Robert Carmichael M, #205331, d. 15 January 1786 Last Edited=9 Sep 2006 Robert Carmichael was the son of Robert Carmichael and Jean Murray He married Catherine Lindsay He died on 15 January 1786.      Robert Carmichael gained the rank of Captain. Child of Robert Carmichael and Catherine Lindsay Magdalene Carmichael d. b 23 Sep 1799 Citations ] Charles Mosley, editor, (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 1, page 696. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition ] Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 107th edition Catherine Lindsay F, #205332 Last Edited=9 Sep 2006 Catherine Lindsay married Robert Carmichael , son of Robert Carmichael and Jean Murray      Catherine Lindsay lived at Kirkforthar, Scotland Her married name became Carmichael. Child of Catherine Lindsay and Robert Carmichael Magdalene Carmichael d. b 23 Sep 1799 Citations ] Charles Mosley, editor

76. Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1922 - Presentation Speech aston now shows that what we have hitherto called chlorine is a mixture of at Doctor aston. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has resolved to award http://ca.geocities.com/hfrcde_1313/aston-bio-press.html

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922 Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen. As we have just seen, the conception of isotopy has mainly developed out of our knowledge of the radioactive elements, their coming into existence, their transformation, and their other relations. Now the obvious thought presented itself that non-radioactive elements - which, of course, include the majority of our commonest elements - might also in the same way consist of mixtures of isotopes which were inseparable by chemical methods. But it was not easy to demonstrate such a state of things. The radioactive phenomena, which had hitherto formed the guiding star of research, here refused to render service any longer. It was necessary to fall back exclusively on a careful study of such physical properties as could be conceived as being affected, to a greater or lesser extent, by the mass of the atom. The first attempts in this direction were carried out by the well-known Nobel Prize laureate, Sir J.J.Thomson. In this work he made use of the so-called anode rays, that is to say the positively charged particles of gas which in a vacuum-tube are hurled at a high speed against the negative electrode. If one causes them to pass through an aperture in this electrode and then to be acted upon by an electric and a magnetic field, they are deflected, and the extent of the deflection is determined by the ratio of mass to charge. By measuring this deviation, it should be possible to obtain a measure of the mass of the particles appearing in the rarefied gas and consequently also one should be able to demonstrate the existence of isotopes, in as much as these must be characterized by different values of the mass, or in other words, by different atomic weights.

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