41. Acid Rain Definition acid rain is rain, snow, sleet, or hail containing high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids with a pH below 5.55.6. acid rain is produced when http://freshaquarium.about.com/od/termsandtables/g/acidrain.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Freshwater Aquariums Reference Desk acid rain Freshwater Aquariums Freshwater Aquariums Essentials Cycling a New Aquarium ... Submit to Digg Suggested Reading Aquarium Glossary Most Popular Siamese Fighting Fish Freshwater Fish Photo and Profile Library How to Clean a Fish Tank Cloudy Water ... Aquarium Sizes and Weights "acid rain " From Shirlie Sharpe Your Guide to Freshwater Aquariums FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Definition: Acid rain is rain, snow, sleet, or hail containing high levels of sulfuric or nitric acids with a pH below 5.5-5.6. Acid rain is produced when sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxides combine with atmospheric moisture. The resulting acid rain can contaminate drinking water, erode buildings, damage vegetation and aquatic life. Automobile exhausts and the burning of high-sulfur industrial fuels are thought to be the main causes, but natural sources, such as volcanic gases and forest fires, may also be significant. Acid rain has been an increasingly serious problem since the 1950s, particularly in Northeastern United States, Canada, and western Europe, especially Scandinavia. Aquatic life has been impacted negatively in some areas, due to the presence of acid rain. Suggested Reading Aquarium Glossary Related Articles Science Fair Project Idea - Acid Rain Land Biomes: Tropical Rain Forests La Mina Waterfall in the El Yunque Rain Forest in Puert...

42. Price For Decreased Acid Rain May Be Increased Global Warming Reducing future emissions of sulfur dioxide in an attempt to mitigate the acidrain problem may aggravate the global-warming problem, a University of http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990708075951.htm

Science News Share Blog Cite Print Email Bookmark Price For Decreased Acid Rain May Be Increased Global Warming ScienceDaily (Jul. 8, 1999) See also: Global Warming Climate Environmental Issues Acid Rain ... Scientific opinion on climate change "In the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide gas emitted by burning coal and oil is converted into sulfate aerosols that enhance the reflection of solar radiation, thereby tending to cool Earth's surface," said Michael Schlesinger, a U. of I. atmospheric scientist. "In recent studies, we found that decreasing the sulfur dioxide emissions led to significant regional warming in North America, Europe and Asia." The studies were based on provisional greenhouse-gas and sulfur dioxide emissions developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The IPCC is producing a Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, in part as background for the IPCC Third Assessment Report scheduled to be completed in 2001. In the special report there are four scenario families for the future emissions of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide. To explore the potential effects, Schlesinger and his U. of I. colleagues Sergey Malyshev, Eugene Rozanov, Fanglin Yang and Natalia Andronova first used a simple climate/ocean model to calculate the change in global-mean surface temperature for the sulfur dioxide emissions of the four Special Report scenarios, as well as for the non-interventionist IS92a scenario of the IPCC Second Assessment Report.

43. Acid Rain And Geology Another interesting consequence of acid rain can be brought into the discussion. Many buildings and statues are constructed of limestone or marble; http://www.beloit.edu/~SEPM/Geology_and_the_enviro/Acid_Rain.html

ACID RAIN AND GEOLOGY (teacher's guide) Carol Mankiewicz Departments of Biology and Geology Beloit College, 700 College Street Beloit, WI 53511 Level: Upper elementary to senior high Anticipated Learning Outcomes Students will become aware of acid rain, an important environmental problem. Students will learn about the pH scale. Students will determine the acidity of their local rain water. Students will learn a little about the types of rocks in their state/region. Students will discover how the types of rocks in an area can mitigate the effects of acid rain. Background: Given on student handout. Materials Clean, plastic containers (the number needed depends on how many rock types you choosesee item 6). Don't use glass containers. Acidic solutions can leach bases from glass; the bases will neutralize the acid solution. Acidified water. Collect some rain water, which will naturally be acidified. If you can't collect rain water, you can add sulfuric acid to distilled water to pH 4 or 5. Diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) or vinegar, which contains acetic acid (CH3COOH), could be substituted for sulfuric acid. Substitution of hydrochloric acid or vinegar will not change the observed results. Some method to measure pH (short-range pH paper that covers pH 3 to 8, or a pH meter).

44. Acid-Rain.net New York s law placed a 100 percent penalty on utilities that traded credits of the acid rainforming gas to Midwestern and Southern states, http://www.acid-rain.net/

EcoHumane Health People Phenomena ... Acid Rain Threatens Forests In More Ways Than Previously Thought Ban On Pollution Credit Swaps Voided Ruling deals a blow to state's efforts to reduce acid rain in Adirondacks by Dina Cappiello, April 10, 2002 A state law that penalized New York power plants for trading pollution credits to 14 other states was voided by a federal judge on Tuesday, removing a key part of the state's strategy to reduce acid rain in the Adirondacks. U.S. District Court Judge David N. Hurd in Utica ruled that the 2000 Air Pollution Mitigation Law was unconstitutional and conflicted with the federal Clean Air Act by restructuring the nationwide trading system whereby tons of sulfur dioxide emissions, or credits, are swapped freely between states.

45. Environment Agency - Acid Rain What is acid rain? » What are the current acidification levels? » How is acid and acid rain deposited? »Where is acid rain and acidification a problem? http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/yourenv/eff/1190084/pollution/acid_rain/

Environment Agency Skip to page content Primary navigation: links to main site sections Text Only Cymraeg 24 January 2008 Help Contact us Our views About us ... Home I'm looking for... Air Quality Conservation Fish Flood Land Quality Navigation Recreation Waste Water Quality Water Resources Anglian Region Environment Agency Wales Midlands Region North East Region North West Region South West Region Southern Region Thames Region Business Fun and Games Jobs Science and Research Your Environment NetRegs Links trail: breadcrumb trail of selected links You are in: Your Environment Environmental Facts and Figures Pollution Secondary navigation: links to other relevant sections Pollution Pollution incidents Ozone depletion Acid rain ... EFF search facility See also... This page has the following theme: Cleaner air We are not responsible for the content of other web sites. Acid rain Overview Acid rain damages soils, vegetation, rivers and lakes. The problem has been tackled for over a decade with some success. What is acid rain? What are the current acidification levels? How is acid and acid rain deposited? Where is acid rain and acidification a problem? ... Find out more What is acid rain? Acid rain is formed when industrial emissions of gases including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride combine with water droplets in the atmosphere. This chemical reaction forms weak sulphuric and nitric acids that cause acid rain.

46. 8(h) Acid Precipitation However, the term acid rain was first used two centuries later when Angus Smith published a book called acid rain in 1872. In the 1960s, the problems http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8h.html

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY HOME FUNDAMENTALS ONLINE TEXTBOOK GLOSSARY ... ABOUT CHAPTER 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere (h). Acid Precipitation Introduction Acidic pollutants can be deposited from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface in wet and dry forms. The common term to describe this process is acid deposition . The term acid precipitation is used to specifically describe wet forms of acid pollution that can be found in rain, sleet, snow, fog, and cloud vapor. An acid can be defined as any substance that when dissolved in water dissociates to yield corrosive hydrogen ions. The acidity of substances dissolved in water is commonly measured in terms of pH (defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions). According to this measurement scale solutions with pHs less than 7 are described as being acidic , while a pH greater than 7.0 is considered

47. BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Forests Fall Silent With Acid Rain acid rain is leading to a decline in at least one bird species, say scientists. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2189151.stm

NEWS SPORT WEATHER WORLD SERVICE ... A-Z INDEX SEARCH You are in: Science/Nature News Front Page Africa Americas ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help EDITIONS Change to UK Monday, 12 August, 2002, 23:39 GMT 00:39 UK Forests fall silent with acid rain Song thrush: the wood thrush looks similar Birds could disappear from North American forests because of acid rain. Scientists have found that the pollutant is leading to a decline of one species at least. It seems to affect the breeding habits of the wood thrush. This is far from the only threat against the bird Ralph Hames, Cornell University The bird lives on mountain slopes of the Eastern United States when it visits to breed during the summer. A drop in numbers has been seen since the 1960s. Research into its disappearance has focused until now on habitat loss and destruction. Volunteer help In the latest study, a team at Cornell University looked at a possible link between acid rain, soil acidity and impaired breeding behaviour. They were helped by an army of amateur volunteers who collected data on the wood thrush across its territory range.

48. ACID RAIN ENTERTAINMENT If you are with a label or would like to see the site for review, interview or coverage purposes, please email AcidRainKara@aol.com. http://www.acidrainent.com/

New site launch: 09.22.2007 If you are with a label or would like to see the site for review, interview or coverage purposes, please e-mail AcidRainKara@aol.com

49. Acid Rain Biomonitoring – Canadian Wildlife Service, Ontario Region The Canadian Wildlife Service (Ontario Region) acid rain Biomonitoring Program stands alone as the only broadscale biological effects monitoring program in http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/ar-intro-e.html

Skip to page content Skip to sidebar links (Access Key: 2) Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... About Us Quick Links: Publications Funding and Incentive Programs Youth and Educators ... Wildlife Enforcement What We Do: Migratory Bird Conservation Species at Risk Protection Habitat Conservation Surveys and Monitoring The Canadian Wildlife Service (Ontario Region) Acid Rain Biomonitoring Program stands alone as the only broad-scale biological effects monitoring program in Canada whose focus is acid-sensitive aquatic ecosystems important to wildlife and other natural resources. What is Acid Rain? The Concept of "Critical Loads" Surface Water Acidity: Are Present Control Measures Enough? Lake pH and Biodiversity ... NEXT PAGE CWS Regions: Atlantic I Pacific and Yukon I Prairie and Northern I Quebec CWS National: National site I Species at Risk I Species at Risk Act Public Registry National Wildlife Research Centre I Hinterland Who's Who Top of Page Contact Us Help ... About Us part of Environment Canada's Green Lane TM Webmaster Last Updated: 2005-10-10 Last Reviewed: 2005-10-10 URL: http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/acidrain/ar-intro-

50. Acid-Rain In this lesson students will identify the causes of acid rain, research ways to reduce the negative effects of acid rain, learn about government regulation http://www.uwlax.edu/faculty/skala/Acid-Rain.htm

Acid Rain Introduction. In this lesson students will identify the causes of acid rain, research ways to reduce the negative effects of acid rain, learn about government regulation and monitoring of acid rain and investigate acidity data of surface water for different areas of the United States. Audience. This lesson can be incorporated into a Chemistry unit on pH and its applications. The actual pH values obtained on the Internet would be an interesting data set for mathematics or statistics students to analyze. Previous Knowledge Needed. Basic Internet skills. Spreadsheet or graphing calculator familiarity is recommended. Ability to find the mean (average) and range of a set of data. Materials. Internet access. Acid Rain Activity Worksheet. Spreadsheet or graphing calculator recommended. Objectives. To define the term "acid rain." To research the causes of acid rain. To learn what can be done to reduce the negative effects of acid rain. To obtain actual pH data of surface water for different parts of the United States. To decide if the pH means of different areas are statistically different by comparing confidence intervals.

51. PASCO Chemistry Experiment - May 2002 In this experiment, you will create samples of acid rain in the Note Although most people consider the term acid rain to be a modern term, http://www.pasco.com/experiments/chemistry/may_2002/home.html

home resources experiments chemistry ... print page Online Chemistry Experiments May/June, 2002, Chemistry Experiment: Acid Rain Simulation Purpose Background Information Equipment Setup Data Analysis ... Conclusions and Extensions pH Sensor (PS-2102) Purpose: In this experiment, you will create samples of "acid rain" in the laboratory, using the pH Sensor to quantify the change in acidity of the "rain water". You will also complete several simple laboratory tests to determine what effects acid rain has on common substances. Background Information: Before falling to Earth as precipitation, water vapor in the atmosphere normally reacts with carbon dioxide gas to form a weak acid, carbonic acid (H CO ). As a result, the pH of rainwater is approximately 5.6, making typical rainwater slightly acidic. However, water vapor in the atmosphere will also react in a similar fashion with other gases, including sulfur dioxide (SO ), nitrogen dioxide (NO

52. Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation, Inc. acid rain or acidic deposition is the most widely acknowledged form of Most of us are only familiar with acid rain but the deposition of toxic http://www.chesbay.org/acidRain/

Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation, Inc. Thursday, January 24, 2008 Home Studies Current Investigation Investigation Update Striped Bass Lesions Compiled Data ... Press Releases Our Efforts Requests for Action Learning Striped Bass Forage Fish Atlantic menhaden Bay anchovy ... Acid Rain Resources Links "Green Pages" chesbay.org Our Mission Contact Us About this Site Acid Rain Overview Acid rain or acidic deposition is the most widely acknowledged form of atmospheric deposition. This is the process whereby precipitation (rain, snow, fog etc.), airborne particles, and gases move from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth. These particles and gases reach the surface in both wet and dry deposition and yield from a variety of air pollution sources which can adversely affect the environment and public health. Most of us are only familiar with "acid rain" but the deposition of toxic compounds and excessive nutrients are also important. Let's take a graphical look at the process before we go further. Source: EPA 1994 The chemical compounds that we are most interested in are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), trace elements, and organic compounds. These compounds are released into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic (man-made) and natural sources. Anthropogenic includes fossil-fuel power plants, vehicles, and factories. Natural sources include fires and volatilization from forests and marshes.

53. Acid Rain Information | Business.com Information on acid rain, including reports, data, articles and programs. http://www.business.com/directory/energy_and_environment/environment/air_polluti

Home Directory Environment Air Pollution Control Acid Rain Information on acid rain, including reports, data, articles and programs. Listings About Network: Acid Rain Guide Information about acid rain issues in the United States, Canada, Asia and Europe. environment.about.com Acid Deposition Information about the acid deposition monitoring networks managed by the National Environmental Technology Centre in the UK. www.aeat.co.uk Acid Deposition and Precipitation Description and effects of acid deposition formation and ways to alleviate the problem. royal.okanagan.bc.ca Acid Rain Environment Canada's primary acid rain site, with publications, newsletters and resources. www.ec.gc.ca Acid Rain - A Contemporary World Problem Report on the causes of, effects of, and solution to the international problem of acid rain. www.geocities.com Effects of Acid Rain on Aquatic Ecosystems Report on how acid rain and change in pH damaged the ecosystems of lakes in Ontario. www.scar.utoronto.ca Environment Canada: Acid Rain Reference page provding information on acid rain facts, impacts, resources and what actions are taking place.

54. Acid Rain Links acid rain Harmful to Humans acid rain data pH maps of the US acid rainacid rain Formation Biological Sciences acid rain Study Sam Houston State. http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/stugeon/links.htm

Acid Rain Links Back to SWOOPE Homepage Student Activities and Background Materials Increasing Damage to Norway's Rivers European Forests Damaged by Acid Rain ... Biological Sciences Acid Rain Study - Sam Houston State

55. Acid Rain acid rain is a commonly used term for acid deposition, which includes rain, snow, sleet, hail, fog, and dry particles that fall from the sky. http://www.des.state.nh.us/factsheets/bb/bb-8.htm

Home About DES DES Programs Public Information ... Lake Biology Environmental Fact Sheet Print Version BB-8 Acid Rain Acid rain is a commonly used term for acid deposition, which includes rain, snow, sleet, hail, fog, and dry particles that fall from the sky. Uncontaminated precipitation is naturally acidic. Water contains atmospheric gases as well as carbon dioxide, and when the carbon dioxide dissolves it forms carbonic acid, which makes the pH of normal rain about a 5.6 on the pH scale. What Causes Acid Rain? Acid rain is caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, where they are converted into sulfuric and nitric acid respectively. Both sulfur and nitrogen oxides are released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels. In the United States, about two-thirds of all sulfur dioxide and one-quarter of all nitrogen oxide comes from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels like coal. What is the Effect of Acid Rain on New Hampshire Lakes? Acid rain increases the acidity of lake water. This causes changes in the assemblages of plant and animals that occur naturally in the lake. An acid-stressed lake is typically very clear, with filamentous algae along the bottom and reduced fish population. Acid rain can leach copper, aluminum, and other heavy metals out of the soil and into runoff and drinking water. This process in turn puts more harmful materials in the water and soil, thus reducing the populations of organisms in the waterbody or soil. Some lakes in New Hampshire have reached the point where fish are unable to survive due to the acidity of the water.

56. Soil Equilibria Exploration 1C What are the problems caused by acid rain? Literature Research Exploration 4A How does acid rain interact with soil? http://chemistry.beloit.edu/Rain/index.html

Soil Equilibria: What Happens to Acid Rain? Module written by G. C. Lisensky, R. Hulet, M. Beug, and S. Anthony Quicktime Movies and Kplot by G. C. Lisensky Help with Quicktime Movies Session 1: How is acid rain formed? Exploration 1A: How is acid rain formed? Combustion Emissions and Deposition Exploration 1B: How do power plants and automobile emissions affect lakes and cities? Experimental Design Exploration 1C: What are the problems caused by acid rain? Literature Research Making the Link: What happens to the oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed by combustion? External Links (National Environment Ministries and Agencies and NGOs) Session 2: What is an acid? Exploration 2A: What household products behave like acid rain? Chemical Classification Exploration 2B: How do we identify acids from a chemical formula? Strong and weak acids and bases Exploration 2C: What is pH? pH Making the Link: What is an acid? Session 3: What is the pH of normal rain? Exploration 3A: How do systems respond to stress?

57. ACID RAIN acid rain is rain that is polluted by acid in the atmosphere. It damages the environment. The acid can also be found in snow and fog. http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/acidrain.htm

Acid Rain What is acid rain? Acid rain is rain that is polluted by acid in the atmosphere. It damages the environment. The acid can also be found in snow and fog. There are 2 main air pollutants that change into acid, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOX). When they react with moisture in the atmosphere they become acids. Where do the pollutants come from? The sulphur and nitrogen pollutants come from burning fossil fuels, from coal-fired generators making electricity, from smelting furnaces in steel works, and from petrol driven motor vehicles. What are the effects of acid rain? Acid rain can harm forests and crops. It pollutes rivers, lakes and streams and damages the animals that live in them. Acid rain also damage to statues and buildings. trees affected by acid rain Acidic dust! Acid in the atmosphere also falls to the earth as dust. Some scientific studies have found that acidic dust particles can cause an increase in attacks of asthma and bronchitis in humans When the dust is washed away by rain the acid is added to the rain water which pours into streams and river and the oceans. What can be done?

58. Acid Rain, Bureau Of Air Quality, Department Of Environmental Protection acid rain is a term that refers to processes more precisely characterized as acid deposition. Acid deposition may occur as a result of precipitation such http://maine.gov/dep/air/acidrain/

Skip Maine state header navigation State Search: Agencies Online Services Help Page Tools Page Tools Email page Watch page Add link to MyMaine Map addresses English Skip First Level Navigation Skip All Navigation Site Map Search DEP DEP Home Contact Us Subject Index Can't Find It ... About DEP JavaScript that displays the current date. general information General Info Home Air Bureau Overview Frequently Asked Questions Org. Chart ... Topics of Interest Acid Rain "Acid Rain" is a term that refers to processes more precisely characterized as acid deposition. Acid deposition may occur as a result of precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, hail, or fog; acid deposition may also occur as dry particles or dust settling out of the atmosphere. The term 'acid rain' was first coined in 1856 by a British chemist named Robert A. Smith when he observed that smoke and fumes from human activity could change the acidity of precipitation. 'Natural', or pure rain water is slightly acidic as a result of its reaction with carbon dioxide, forming a weak solution of carbonic acid. Typically, clean rainwater will have a pH in the range of 5.6 - 5.7, though actual pH values vary from place to place and depend on the presence of other gasses and particles in the air. The term pH refers to the presence of free hydrogen ions in the water (or other liquid) and is measured on a scale of 1 to 14. A pH of 7.0 is considered neutral; a pH below 7.0 is considered acidic, while a pH above 7.0 is considered to be alkaline, or basic. The pH scale is a logarithmic function; each point on the scale represents a tenfold increase (or decrease) from its nearest neighbor.

59. NASA - Scientists Hunt For Acid Rain And Methane In Wetlands Animation above This movie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency highlights the science of acid rain, and its effects. Click arrow on bottom right http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/acid_rain.html

The nasa.gov site requires that JavaScripts be enabled in your browser. For instructions, click here + Text Only Site + NASA Home + GSFC Home preLoad('/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_home,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_about,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_business,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_education,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_events,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_missions,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_multimedia,/templateimages/navigation/leftnav/centers/goddard/nav_left_news'); + NASA Home > Centers Goddard Home Earth and Sun Print This Email This Scientists Hunt for Acid Rain and Methane in Wetlands Depending on how you look at it, something good can always come out of something bad. That's actually the case in a new study on greenhouse gases by NASA scientists and others. The researchers discovered that acid rain inhibits a swampland bacteria from producing methane, a greenhouse gas. Animation above: This movie from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency highlights the science of acid rain, and its effects. Click arrow on bottom right to move to next image. Credit: U.S. EPA

60. Acid Rain - Acid Deposition, How Is Acid Rain Measured? acid rain is a popular phrase used to describe rain, snow, fog, or other precipitation that is full of acids that collect in the atmosphere due to the http://www.scienceclarified.com/A-Al/Acid-Rain.html

// nothing @import "../css/default.css"; Science of Everyday Things Science in Dispute Science and Technology Acid Rain forum ... A-Al Acid rain Acid rain is a popular phrase used to describe rain, snow, fog, or other precipitation that is full of acids that collect in the atmosphere due to the burning of fuels such as coal, petroleum, and gasoline. Acid rain was first recognized in Europe in the late 1800s but did not come to widespread public attention until about 1970, when its harmful effects on the environment were publicized. Research has shown that in many parts of the world, lakes, streams, and soils have become increasingly acidic, prompting a corresponding decline in fish populations. Acid deposition Acidification (the process of making acid) is not just caused by deposits of acidic rain but also by chemicals in snow and fog and by gases and particulates (small particles) when precipitation is not occurring. The major human-made causes of acid deposition are (1) emissions of sulfur dioxide from power plants that burn coal and oil and (2) emissions of nitrogen oxides from automobiles. These emissions are transformed into sulfuric acid and nitric acid in the atmosphere, where they accumulate in cloud droplets and fall to Earth in rain and snow. (This is called wet deposition.) Other sources of acid deposition are gases like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, as well as very small particulates (such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate). These gases and particulates are usually deposited when it is not raining or snowing. (This is called dry deposition.)

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