21. Todd's Quantum Intro is a flawed theory, but it is only dramatically flawed when dealing with the very small (atomic size, where quantum mechanics is used) or http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. Mark Roberts' Homepage Useful information and links on relativity, quantum theory, and cognition. http://www.ph.surrey.ac.uk/~phx1mr/

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23. SOME OF MY RECENT PAPERS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN VARIOUS VERSIONS You MSWord Doc pdf file plain text quantum theory and the Role of Mind in Nature (LBNL 44712) In Found. of Phys. 31, 14651499 (2001) PS http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. Quantum Theory Project Seminar Series Unless otherwise stated, The quantum theory Project seminar series meets onWednesdays afternoon in the New Physics Building, Rm. 2205, from 405 to 500, http://www.qtp.ufl.edu/seminars_qtp.html

Seminar Series - Fall 2005 Unless otherwise stated, The Quantum Theory Project seminar series meets on Wednesdays afternoon in the N ew Physics Building, Rm. 2205, from 4:05 to 5:00 , (refreshments served at 3:45). The series consists of seminars on current research topics in Quantum Chemistry, Dynamics, and Materials Theory given by students, faculty and guests. The seminar series is run as a graduate course: PHY6932 or CHM 6934. Graduate student attendees should register for the course. All are welcome. Suggestions and volunteers for speakers are welcome! August 17 Dr. Yasuteru Shigeta University of Toyko Title: Generalized Sham-Schluter Equations August 24 Dr. Jeff Krause QTP Director Title: QTP Fall Meeting August 31 Dr. Erik Deumens QTP Title: Introduction to and overview of computing at QTP September 7 Dr. Gustavo Seabra QTP Title: Electron Propagator Theory Calculations of Photoionization Intensities September 14 Dr. Sergei Obukhov UF / Dept. of Physics

25. Quantum Theory. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 quantum theory. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/qu/quantumt.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. quantum theory modern physical theory concerned with the emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of material particles; the quantum theory and the theory of

26. The Theory Of Distance-Time Defining space and time in the literal way we experience it via particles-I create a quantum theory of space and time. http://www.comcity.com/distance-time

The Theory Of Distance-Time A quantum theory of space and time that defines distance as equivalent to a period of time (D=cT) and claims to be more accurate than special relativity. by Keith Maxwell Hardy Table of Contents Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Preparation Of Perspective 3A. Distance-Time Theory Part I ... References (see more links below) Click here to down load distance-time theory file (D=cT.PDF) for acrobat reader Click here to email the author of distance-time theory. It took me 14 years to create and write this theory, and you thought you did not have a life. Brother, I have got you beat. I have made a few minor corrections, since I first published my paper to the internet. These corrections have not changed my theory. I slightly rewrote the example given in the fourth paragraph of subsection 4.1. The other few corrections were typographical. I made these updates in late November 1998 Because some people struggle to understand space as defined in distance-time theory, I added Appendix A in August 2002. This section further illustrates the difference between distance-time's and special relativity's views of space . The Theory of Distance-Time by Keith Maxwell Hardy Richmond California U.S.A., 94801

27. Quantum Mechanics - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Relativistic quantum mechanics (quantum field theory) provides the A fullyrelativistic quantum theory required the development of quantum field theory, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_theory

Quantum mechanics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Quantum theory Fig. 1: The wavefunctions of an electron in a hydrogen atom possessing definite energy (increasing downward: n =1,2,3,...) and angular momentum (increasing across: s p d ,...). Brighter areas correspond to higher probability density for a position measurement. The angular momentum and energy are quantized , and only take on discrete values like those shown. Quantum mechanics is a fundamental physical theory that extends, corrects and unites Newtonian mechanics and Maxwellian electromagnetism , at the atomic and subatomic levels. It is the underlying framework of many fields of physics and chemistry , including condensed matter physics quantum chemistry , and particle physics . The term quantum Latin how much ") refers to the discrete units that the theory assigns to certain physical quantities, such as the energy of an atom at rest (see Figure 1, at right). Quantum mechanics is a theory of the motion of bodies and waves, and of associated physical quantities such as energy and momentum . It is a more fundamental theory than Newtonian mechanics or classical electromagnetism, in the sense that it provides

28. An Exchange Of Letters In PHYSICS TODAY On Quantum Theory Without Observers An Exchange of Letters in PHYSICS TODAY on quantum theory Without Observers. http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~oldstein/papers/qtwoe/qtwoe.html

Next: About this document An Exchange of Letters in PHYSICS TODAY on Quantum Theory Without Observers February 1999 B happens at time and C at time , then A must have happened at time Inconsistencies can arise if statements relating the probabilities of occurrence of histories are made while referring to different families in the course of a given argument. That is true even if the histories involve only a single time. Goldstein mentions our efforts to understand what is so special about the ``usual'' realm defined by hydrodynamic variables averaged over small volumes and evaluated at short, albeit discrete, intervals of time. However, he seems to think that we start with the union of many different families (with the possibility of inconsistencies in statements connecting the probabilities of occurrence of various histories) and are trying to find conditions that will shrink this set to a single realm and its associated family, thus eliminating inconsistencies. That is not the case. Rather, we are comparing the properties of different realms or families, while restricting our statements in each case to a single family, thus encountering no inconsistencies along the way. It is worth mentioning that the figure caption on the last page of the article is misleading. The photograph shows Richard Feynman and one of us (Gell-Mann), and the caption describes Gell-Mann as ``one of the most sensible critics of orthodox quantum theory'' and Feynman as ``one of its most sensible defenders.'' In fact, both physicists held very similar views of quantum mechanics. Some months before Feynman's death in 1988, Gell-Mann described to a class at Caltech the status of our work on decoherent histories at that time. Feynman was in attendance, and at the end of the class, he stood up, and some of the students expected an exciting argument. But his comment was, ``I agree with everything you said.''

29. General Chemistry Online: Companion Notes: The Quantum Theory The quantum theory that describes the behavior of electrons is a cornerstone inmodern quantum theory can be used to explain why atoms are stable, http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/quantum/index.shtml

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ ... Construction Kits Companion Notes Just Ask Antoine! Simulations Slide Index Toolbox ... Gases The quantum theory Electrons in atoms The periodic table Home Companion Notes ... Learning Objectives A checklist of concepts to learn and skills to master in this section. Lecture Notes Links Internet sites and paper references for further exploration. Frequently Asked Questions Find an answer, or ask a question Glossary Terms and definitions from the glossary are marked with an asterisk ( Learning objectives Relate wavelength frequency , and velocity of waves. Explain how electromagnetic radiation is produced by an oscillating charge. Explain how electromagnetic radiation carries energy from a transmitter to a receiver. Describe the collapsing atom paradox. List wave behaviors, and distinguish them from particle behaviors. Cite experimental evidence that implies that electromagnetic radiation can display both wave and particle behaviors. Cite experimental evidence that implies that electrons display both wave and particle behaviors. Connect particle and wave properties of matter using de Broglie's hypothesis.

30. General Chemistry Online: FAQ: The Quantum Theory A searchable database of frequently asked questions from the The quantum theorysection of General Chemistry Online. http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/quantum/faq.shtml

Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Construction Kits Companion Notes ... Gases The quantum theory Electrons in atoms The periodic table Chemical bonds Solids ... FAQ The quantum theory: Frequently asked questions Particle in a box How does electron confinement in an ion or molecule affect its color? Radiation and matter What makes a compound optically active? How is photoelectron energy related to excitation wavelength? The uncertainty principle If electrons can't be confined to the nucleus, why does K-electron capture occur? Why don't electrons get stuck in the nucleus? Sign up for a free monthly newsletter describing updates, new features, and changes on this site. Details General Chemistry Online! The quantum theory: Frequently asked questions Fred Senese fsenese@frostburg.edu Last Revised 07/25/05.URL: http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/quantum/faq.shtml

31. Quantum Theory: Weird And Wonderful (December 1999) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb PhysicsWeb, The web site for physicists, PhysicsWorld, Institute of Physics,Electronic Publishing, online products and services. http://physicsweb.org/article/world/12/12/19

Advanced site search physics world sample issue Request a sample issue browse the archive January February March April May June July August September October November December Latest issue Subscribe to Physics World Media Information ... Editorial Staff quick search Search Physics World Physics World December 1999 Quantum theory: weird and wonderful Feature: December 1999 Quantum mechanics is the most accurate theory we have to describe the world, but there is still much about it that we do not fully understand. Quantum mechanics is a great deal more than a theory; it is a whole new way of looking at the world. When it was developed in the 1920s, quantum mechanics was viewed primarily as a way of making sense of the host of observations at the level of single electrons, atoms or molecules that could not be explained in terms of Newtonian mechanics and Maxwellian electrodynamics. Needless to say, it has been spectacularly successful in this task. Around 75 years later, as we enter the new millennium, most physicists are confident that quantum mechanics is a fundamental and general description of the physical world. Indeed, serious attempts have been made to apply quantum ideas not merely to laboratory-scale inanimate matter but also, for example, to the workings of human consciousness and to the universe as a whole. Yet despite this confidence, the nagging questions that so vexed the founding fathers of quantum theory - and which many of them thought had finally been laid to rest after years of struggle - have refused to go away. Indeed, as we shall see, in many cases these questions have returned to haunt us in even more virulent forms. It is probably fair to say that, in the final years of this century, interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics is more widespread, and more intellectually respectable, than at any time since the invention of quantum theory.

32. Quantum Theory: No Problem (May 2004) - Review - PhysicsWeb PhysicsWeb, The web site for physicists, PhysicsWorld, Institute of Physics,Electronic Publishing, online products and services. http://physicsweb.org/articles/review/17/5/1/1

Advanced site search physics world sample issue Request a sample issue browse the archive January February March April May June July August September October November December Latest issue Subscribe to Physics World Media Information ... Editorial Staff quick search Search Physics World Physics World May 2004 Quantum theory: no problem Review: May 2004 The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time and the Texture of Reality Brian Greene The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, as laid down by Niels Bohr in the 1930s, has survived intact despite the thousands of experimental tests that have since been performed. Granted, it flies in the face of common sense, stating as it does that you cannot predict with certainty the outcome of any experiment, you can only assign a probability. You cannot simultaneously know the position of a particle and also its velocity. By determining the state of one photon here on Earth, you fix the state of its entangled partner on Alpha Centauri - an action-at-a-distance effect that Einstein called "spooky". Mysterious world Yet if Bohr were alive today, he would note with satisfaction that all the developments of 20th-century physics - from the Standard Model of particle physics, superconductivity, quantum computing and teleportation to the inflationary model of Big Bang cosmology - have come about without the need to change his interpretation by one iota.

33. M-theory, The Theory Formerly Known As Strings But since we cannot build a consistent quantum theory from GR, several puzzleswere raised concerning the microscopic physics of black holes. http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/qg_ss.html

M-theory, the theory formerly known as Strings The Standard Model In the standard model of particle physics, particles are considered to be points moving through space, tracing out a line called the World Line. To take into account the different interactions observed in Nature one has to provide particles with more degrees of freedom than only their position and velocity, such as mass, electric charge, color (which is the "charge" associated with the strong interaction) or spin. String Theory In String Theory, the myriad of particle types is replaced by a single fundamental building block, a `string'. These strings can be closed, like loops, or open, like a hair. As the string moves through time it traces out a tube or a sheet, according to whether it is closed or open. Furthermore, the string is free to vibrate, and different vibrational modes of the string represent the different particle types, since different modes are seen as different masses or spins. One mode of vibration, or `note', makes the string appear as an electron, another as a photon. There is even a mode describing the graviton, the particle carrying the force of gravity, which is an important reason why String Theory has received so much attention. The point is that we can make sense of the interaction of two gravitons in String theory in a way we could not in QFT. There are no infinities! And gravity is not something we put in by hand. It has to be there in a theory of strings. So, the first great achievement of String Theory was to give a consistent theory of quantum gravity, which resembles GR at macroscopic distances. Moreover String Theory also possesses the necessary degrees of freedom to describe the other interactions! At this point a great hope was created that String Theory would be able to unify all the known forces and particles together into a single `Theory of Everything'.

34. Quantum Resonance Theory: HOME A grand unified theory of consciousness, based on mysticism (primarily Kabbalah) and quantum theory. http://www.xmission.com/~mkeener

Welcome! The abstract below provides a brief introduction to quantum resonance theory. There is more information about the theory on the ESSAYS page. There is also a page about the AUTHOR and a page of interesting LINKS , as well as a discussion board assigned to the topic ( CLICK HERE document.write("(" + ct_25_9Kc3 + ") messages"); ). There's not much discussion yet; although a very nice fellow in Australia has made a few comments. Please feel free to add some of your own... ABSTRACT 1.3 POSTED 16 OCTOBER 2004 The quantum resonance is a paradigm of essential aspects inherent in experience (or existence). It is a theory of life; in some sense, it is also a theory of everything. Quantum resonance theory provides some explanation for questions that remain mysterious within more conventional paradigms, such as the origin of life, consciousness, the observable laws of probability, and the nature of subjective experience. The term 'quantum resonance' refers to a collective or unified (quantum) field of consciousness (resonance) that manifests in any perspective, context or identity. Quantum resonances also referred to as self-moments organize themselves as a holarchy comprised of holons. A holon is both a part within a larger whole and a whole comprised of smaller parts. However, quantum resonance theory applies this concept in a novel way. On the one hand, the self-moment exists as a unique individual within a larger collective; on the other hand, the self-moment also exists as the larger collective within which the individual in question exists.

35. QTS-4 Symmetries in String Theory and Quantum Gravity (1) Supergravity (2) Foundations of quantum theory (6) - Quantum Optics, Coherent States, http://theo.inrne.bas.bg/~dobrev/qts-4.htm

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy IV. International Symposium QUANTUM THEORY AND SYMMETRIES 15 - 21 August 2005, Varna Bulgaria Proceedings We shall publish two separate volumes of Proceedings : one for QTS-4 and one for LT-6. We shall send a special message for this after we finalize the contract with the publisher (expected mid-September). At that time we shall give the speakers the format and number of pages and the deadline (expected mid-October 2005). The Scientific Programme Photos Scope and Topics: The first Symposium of this series was held in Goslar (Germany) in 1999: QTS-1 , the second - in Cracow (Poland) in 2001: QTS-2 , the third - in Cincinnati (USA) in 2003: QTS-3 . The series started around the core concept that symmetries underlie all descriptions of quantum systems. It has since evolved to a symposium on the frontiers of theoretical and mathematical physics. In the 4-th Symposium, which is dedicated to the World Year of Physics 2005 , we foresee the following topics/sessions - Symmetries in String Theory and Quantum Gravity (1) - Supergravity (2) - Gauge, Noncommutative, Conformal Field Theories (3)

36. Quantum Physics: Quantum Theory / Wave Mechanics Quantum Physics quantum theory / Wave Mechanics The Wave Structure of Matter (WSM)and Spherical Standing Wave Interactions explains Discrete Energy http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Physics-Quantum-Theory-Mechanics.htm

SEARCH Summary Simple Science ... Email About this website (Sept. 2005) : This website is 2 years old, has 300 pages, and gets about 20,000 page visits a day . Its main function is to show that the most simple solution for describing physical reality, the Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) in Space, does actually work (the problems have been caused by the 'Particle' conception of matter in 'Space-Time', as Einstein realised). Now we realise that most people are not into physics, philosophy or metaphysics. However, most people do care about the world that we live in, and the future world that we are creating for our children. And it is pretty obvious that truth and reality (those much abused terms) are the two most important subjects for Humanity to understand if we are to build a better world. Our aim is to get these various WSM subject pages in the top ten in Google so that this knowledge of the Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) is at least known and considered. To achieve this we really need your help to add links to this website . If we can convince just 1% of people (100 people a day) to donate 5 minutes of their time to help then we will easily succeed in achieving this over the next year or so (as most of our pages currently rank in the top 50 in Google for relevant search terms). Finally, our

37. Aleks Kleyn, Mathematical Basis Of General Relativity Quantum Theory Provides extensive background on the relation between speen, torsion and derivative of metric tensor. Site may not work in all browsers http://www.geocities.com/aleks_kleyn/Relativity/Relativity.htm

// numbers assigned to theorems and definitions initPage ("Preface","pdf",idPreface) ThisPage=5 var part_Frame_1=newPage ("Frame_1","htm",idFrame) var FrameRelation =newEquation(part_Frame_1) var part_Frame_2=newPage ("Frame_2","htm",idFrame) var FrameOrthogonality =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var FrameVnExists =newTheorem(part_Frame_2) var Ortho1 =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var Ortho2 =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var Ortho3 =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var Ortho4 =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var Ortho5 =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var Ortho6 =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var Ortho7 =newEquation(part_Frame_2) var FrameVnFieldExists =newTheorem(part_Frame_2) var part_Frame_3=newPage ("Frame_3","htm",idFrame) var VectorFieldLemma =newTheorem(part_Frame_3) var IntegralOfVectorField =newEquation(part_Frame_3) var ReferenceFrameLemma =newTheorem(part_Frame_3) var part_Frame_4=newPage("Frame_4","htm",idFrame) var QuasiTransformation =newEquation(part_Frame_4) var QuasiJacobian =newEquation(part_Frame_4) var QuasiOrto =newEquation(part_Frame_4) var GroupAn =newTheorem(part_Frame_4) var GroupVn =newTheorem(part_Frame_4) var QuasiResult1 =newEquation(part_Frame_4) var QuasiResult2 =newEquation(part_Frame_4) var QuasiResult3 =newEquation(part_Frame_4) var part_Object_1=newPage ("Object_1","htm",idObject) var PresentationInCNn =newEquation(part_Object_1) var CoordinateTransformation =newEquation(part_Object_1) var PresentationAnInCNn =newEquation(part_Object_1) var part_Object_2=newPage ("Object_2","htm",idObject) var ContravariantTensor =newEquation(part_Object_2) var LinkContravariantTensor =newEquation(part_Object_2) var CovariantTensor =newEquation(part_Object_2) var LinkCovariantTensor =newEquation(part_Object_2) var part_Object_3=newPage ("Object_3","htm",idObject) var Transfer1 =newEquation(part_Object_3) var Transfer2 =newEquation(part_Object_3) var Transfer3 =newEquation(part_Object_3) var Transfer4 =newEquation(part_Object_3) var Transfer5 =newEquation(part_Object_3) var Transfer6 =newEquation(part_Object_3) var Transfer7 =newEquation(part_Object_3) var Connection1 =newEquation(part_Object_3) //var part_Object_4=newPage ("Object_4","htm",idObject) //var FlowSystem1 =newEquation(part_Object_4) //var FlowSystem2 =newEquation(part_Object_4) //var FlowSystem3 =newEquation(part_Object_4) var part_Object_5=newPage ("Object_5","htm",idObject) var ReferenceFrameIsObject =newTheorem(part_Object_5) var part_Lie_1=newPage ("Lie","pdf",idLie) var part_Lie_2=newPage ("Representation","pdf",idLie) ThisPage=24 var part_Bundle_1=newPage ("Bundle_1","htm",idBundle) var PrincipalCurvature =newEquation(part_Bundle_1) var part_Bundle_2=newPage ("Bundle_2","htm",idBundle) var AssociatedCurvature =newEquation(part_Bundle_2) var BindCurvature =newTheorem(part_Bundle_2) var FormCurvature1 =newTheorem(part_Bundle_2) var FormCurvature2 =newTheorem(part_Bundle_2) var FormCurvature3 =newTheorem(part_Bundle_2) var FormCurvature4 =newTheorem(part_Bundle_2) var FormCurvature5 =newTheorem(part_Bundle_2) var CommutatorDerivations =newTheorem(part_Bundle_2) newPage ("GenRelativity","pdf",idFrenet) newPage("Torsion","pdf",idaffine) newPage("Geodesic","pdf",idaffine) ThisPage=40 var part_Torsion_3=newPage("Torsion_3","htm",idaffine) var ConnectionOnSurface =newEquation(part_Torsion_3) var TorsionOnSurface =newEquation(part_Torsion_3) var SurfaceTorsion =newEquation(part_Torsion_3) newPage ("Lagrange_1","htm",idLagrange) newPage ("Lagrange_2","htm",idLagrange) var part_Lagrange_3=newPage ("Lagrange_3","htm",idLagrange) var FieldEquation =newEquation(part_Lagrange_3) var EinsteinEquation =newEquation(part_Lagrange_3) var CartanEquation =newEquation(part_Lagrange_3) var MaxwellEquation =newEquation(part_Lagrange_3) var part_Cartan_4=newPage ("Cartan_4","htm",idLagrange) var CartanEquation1 =newEquation(part_Cartan_4) var CartanEquation2 =newEquation(part_Cartan_4) var part_Cartan_5=newPage ("Cartan_5","htm",idLagrange) var CartanEquation3 =newEquation(part_Cartan_5) var part_Cartan_6=newPage ("Cartan_6","htm",idLagrange) var WaveVector =newEquation(part_Cartan_6) newPage ("Conservation","htm",idLagrange) newPage ("Frenet_5","htm",idMovement) newPage("Torsion_2","htm",idMovement) document.title="Mathematical Basis of General Relativity Quantum Theory"

38. Physics: Quantum Theory: Albert Einstein: Explaining Albert Einstein's Light Qua Albert Einstein on Quantum Physics / quantum theory The Spherical Standing WaveStructure of Matter (WSM) explains Albert Einstein s Light Quanta Photon http://www.spaceandmotion.com/Physics-Albert-Einstein-Quantum-Theory.htm

SEARCH Summary Simple Science ... Email About this website (Sept. 2005) : This website is 2 years old, has 300 pages, and gets about 20,000 page visits a day . Its main function is to show that the most simple solution for describing physical reality, the Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) in Space, does actually work (the problems have been caused by the 'Particle' conception of matter in 'Space-Time', as Einstein realised). Now we realise that most people are not into physics, philosophy or metaphysics. However, most people do care about the world that we live in, and the future world that we are creating for our children. And it is pretty obvious that truth and reality (those much abused terms) are the two most important subjects for Humanity to understand if we are to build a better world. Our aim is to get these various WSM subject pages in the top ten in Google so that this knowledge of the Wave Structure of Matter (WSM) is at least known and considered. To achieve this we really need your help to add links to this website . If we can convince just 1% of people (100 people a day) to donate 5 minutes of their time to help then we will easily succeed in achieving this over the next year or so (as most of our pages currently rank in the top 50 in Google for relevant search terms). Finally, our

39. Quantum Theory quantum theory, modern physical theory concerned with the emission and absorption of Aspects of the quantum theory have provoked vigorous philosophical http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0840721.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia quantum theory quantum theory, modern physical theory concerned with the emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of material particles; the quantum theory and the theory of relativity together form the theoretical basis of modern physics. Just as the theory of relativity assumes importance in the special situation where very large speeds are involved, so the quantum theory is necessary for the special situation where very small quantities are involved, i.e., on the scale of molecules atoms , and elementary particles . Aspects of the quantum theory have provoked vigorous philosophical debates concerning, for example, the uncertainty principle and the statistical nature of all the predictions of the theory. Sections in this article: Introduction Relationship of Energy and Matter Dual Nature of Waves and Particles Evolution of Quantum Theory Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print See more Encyclopedia articles on: Physics AD Ads_kid=80217;Ads_bid=0;Ads_xl=0;Ads_yl=0;Ads_xp='';Ads_yp='';Ads_xp1='';Ads_yp1='';Ads_opt=0;Ads_wrd='';Ads_prf='';Ads_par='';Ads_cnturl='';Ads_sec=0;Ads_channels='_GNM_Family,_GNM_QLook,_GNM_QPlus,_GNM_RON_Pop-Under,_GNM_RON_Pop-Up,_GNM_RON_Q,_GNM_Under18';

40. Relativity And Quantum Theory The energy uncertainty introduced in quantum theory combines with the The most successful numerical approach to quantum field theory begins with a http://phys.columbia.edu/~cqft/physics.htm

Combining Relativity and Quantum Theory Overview The two major physics discoveries of the first part of this century, quantum mechanics and Einstein's theory of special relativity present new challenges when treated together. The energy "uncertainty" introduced in quantum theory combines with the mass-energy equivalence of special relativity to allow the creation of particle/anti-particle pairs by quantum fluctuations when the theories are merged. As a result there is no self-consistent theory which generalizes the simple, one-particle Schrödinger equation into a relativistic quantum wave equation. The most successful approach to this problem, developed in the early 30's, begins not with a single relativistic particle, but with a relativistic classical field theory, such as Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. This classical field theory is then "quantized" in the usual way and the resulting quantum field theory realizes a consistent combination of quantum mechanics and relativity. However, this theory is inherently a many-body theory with the quanta of the normal modes of the classical field having all the properties of physical particles. The resulting many-particle theory can be relatively easily handled if the particles are heavy on the energy scale of interest or if the underlying field theory is essentially linear. Such is the case for atomic physics where the electron-volt energy scale for atomic binding is about a million times smaller than the energy required to create an electron positron pair and where the Maxwell theory of the photon field is essentially linear.

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