1. Identity And Individuality In Quantum Theory Assesses the metaphysical implications of quantum theory by considering the impactof the theory on our understanding of objects as individuals with well http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-idind/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change FEB The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Identity and Individuality in Quantum Theory What are the metaphysical implications of quantum physics? One way of approaching this question is to consider the impact of the theory on our understanding of objects as individuals with well defined identity conditions. One view is that quantum theory implies that the fundamental particles of physics cannot be regarded as individual objects in this sense. Such a view has motivated the development of non-standard formal systems which are appropriate for representing such non-individual objects. However, it has also been argued that quantum physics is in fact compatible with a metaphysics of individual objects. Nevertheless, such objects are indistinguishable in a sense which leads to the violation of Leibniz's famous Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles. Finally, this underdetermination of the metaphysics of individuality by the physics has important implications for the realism-antirealism debate. 1. Introduction

2. 100 Jahre Quantentheorie A symposium and celebration held in Berlin, Germany in December 2000 celebratingthe 100th anniversary of Max Planck s famous lecture on the theory of black http://www.dpg-physik.de/kalender/qt100/

100 Jahre Quantentheorie Bitte updaten Sie Ihren Browser entsprechend. Unterseiten: lokale Navigation (linker Frame) Inhalt (rechter Frame)

3. Measurement In Quantum Theory Collapse of the wave function, role of the observer in QM; From the StanfordEncyclopedia, by Henry Krips. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-measurement/

version history HOW TO CITE THIS ENTRY Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy A ... Z This document uses XHTML/Unicode to format the display. If you think special symbols are not displaying correctly, see our guide Displaying Special Characters last substantive content change OCT The Encyclopedia Now Needs Your Support Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Measurement in Quantum Theory The dynamics and the postulate of collapse are flatly in contradiction with one another ... the postulate of collapse seems to be right about what happens when we make measurements, and the dynamics seems to be bizarrely wrong about what happens when we make measurements, and yet the dynamics seems to be right about what happens whenever we aren't making measurements. (Albert 1992, 79) This has come to be known as "the measurement problem" and in what follows, we study the details and examine some of the implications of this problem. The measurement problem is not just an interpretational problem internal to QM. It raises broader issues as well, such more general philosophical debates between, on the one hand, Cartesian and Lockean accounts of observation as the creation of "inner reflections" and, on the other, neo-Kantean conceptions of observation as a quasi-externalized physiological process. In this article I trace the history of these debates, and indicate some of the interpretative strategies that they stimulated. The Birth of the Measurement Problem The End of Copenhagen Monocracy Cats in Singlets The World of Many Interpretations ... Related Entries The Birth of the Measurement Problem

4. To 100 Anniversary Of Quantum Theory Consequently, the quantum theory is based on two famous but little From themain formula of quantum theory it follows that light is “granular”. http://cust.idl.com.au/rubbo/quantum/

To 100 anniversary of Q uantum T heory Friden Korolkevich The quantum theory is based on constant and quantum But the essence of the constant is not clear. Planck called it the mysterious messenger from the real world[1] and de Broglie called it the mysterious costant[2]. What object of nature does it characterize? It is not clear. It is something like the Cheshire Cat’s smile in Lewis Carrol’s tale about Alice: there is a quantity of something, but this something is not yet or already seen. In 1951 Albert Einstein wrote to his friend Michael Besso that a conscious search for half a century had not brought him closer to answering the question: what are quanta of light? And it is still the same[3]. Consequently, the quantum theory is based on two famous but little understood categories, which are accepted without dispute. In 1911 Puancare described the Planck constant as small and unchangeable atoms of energy. Boltsman, Erenfest, Ioffe himself had the same thought. In 1924 Planck proposed we accept that the energy of the single oscillation of the light source be equal to one constant of the value Consequently, in its most general view and following principles of mechanics, the physical essence of light can be brought down to the notion of radiation energy.

5. The Jade Hut Imagine a cross between economics and thermodynamics http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/1003/

Welcome to The Jade Hut PES College of Engineering Mandya This page is dedicated to all our classmates with whom we spent the best and most colorful days of our lives and to all our beloved teachers who put up with us. The Colorful Class of 93! Vyshali B S Venkategowda Vandana Krishnan Usha Devi K Thomson B Sudharma Rao P Srinivas Gopalan Sanjay R Bhakta Sanjay Mahale Samartha Raghava N Rekha M A Ravi Kiran M V Ravindran H Ravindra Kumar C P Ramesh S Ramamurthy J Rakesh Saha Raghavendra G Premkumar L Prasad KSV Nayana D K Naveen S Natesh Nayak Nanda Kishore Mohan H Madhusudhan N R Madhusudan Hebbar Lokesh Kumar Latha K Kumar K V Krishna C S Kali Krishna Kavirajan R K Karthik S. Karthik B Gyaneshwaran Ganesh S Ganesh Krishnan Chetan Kumar M Chandrika G V Chandrashekar S Our respected teachers... This page will always be under construction... Write to the webmaster Subscribe to Enter your e-mail address: pesce_ec93 archive An e-group hosted by eGroups.com You are visitor number

6. Quantum Theory Without Observers Decoherent histories (DH) approach was initiated in 1984. http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~oldstein/papers/qts/qts.html

Next: Introduction Quantum Theory Without Observers Sheldon Goldstein Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA July 23, 1997 The concept of `measurement' becomes so fuzzy on reflection that it is quite surprising to have it appearing in physical theory at the most fundamental level. ... [D]oes not any analysis of measurement require concepts more fundamental than measurement? And should not the fundamental theory be about these more fundamental concepts? (Bell 1981 [ , page 117]) Introduction Decoherent Histories Spontaneous Localization Bohmian Mechanics ... About this document ... Shelly Goldstein Wed Aug 13 17:22:41 EDT 1997

7. Quantum Theory A set of online lecture notes intended as an introduction to quantum mechanicsand modern atomic physics. http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node143.html

Next: Early models of the Up: Physics 1501 - Modern Previous: Tachyons and Time Travel Quantum Theory In this chapter we will explore the theory which is known as quantum mechanics. This theory has some spectacular successes, among which is describing properties of atoms, but also presents us with some philosophical challenges regarding its interpretation. Early models of the atom Problems with early models Bohr model of the atom Bohr model ... modtech@theory.uwinnipeg.ca

8. Quantum Theory quantum theory evolved as a new branch of theoretical physics during the first few decades of the 20th century in an endeavor to understand the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Glossary Definition Quantum Theory quantum theory. A theory of the interaction of matter and radiation developed early in the twentieth century which is based on the quantization of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Quantum Mechanics History This work was not done with quantum theory in mind but, Einstein proposed aquantum theory of light to solve the difficulty and then he realised that http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.ht

A history of Quantum Mechanics Mathematical Physics index History Topics Index Version for printing It is hard to realise that the electron was only discovered a little over 100 years ago in 1897. That it was not expected is illustrated by a remark made by J J Thomson, the discoverer of the electron. He said I was told long afterwards by a distinguished physicist who had been present at my lecture that he thought I had been pulling their leg. The neutron was not discovered until 1932 so it is against this background that we trace the beginnings of quantum theory back to 1859. In 1859 Gustav Kirchhoff proved a theorem about blackbody radiation. A blackbody is an object that absorbs all the energy that falls upon it and, because it reflects no light, it would appear black to an observer. A blackbody is also a perfect emitter and Kirchhoff proved that the energy emitted E depends only on the temperature T and the frequency v of the emitted energy, i.e. E J T v He challenged physicists to find the function J In 1879 Josef Stefan proposed, on experimental grounds, that the total energy emitted by a hot body was proportional to the fourth power of the temperature. In the generality stated by

11. Physics Essays Contents An overview of the classical and quantum theory related to solitons http://physics1.usc.edu/~vongehr/solitons_html/solitons.html

Click to download Solitons as .pdf file Linked to at: The Net Advance of Physics Altair 7 Communications Université Paris 7 Denis-Diderot

12. Http//www.innerx.net/personal/tsmith/ManyWorlds.html http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Bohr_Niels It was Bohr s view of quantum theory which was eventually to become accepted . Bohr s other major contributions, in addition to quantum theory, http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bohr_Niels.html

Niels Henrik David Bohr Born: 7 Oct 1885 in Copenhagen, Denmark Died: 18 Nov 1962 in Copenhagen, Denmark Click the picture above to see eleven larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Niels Bohr 's father was Christian Bohr and his mother was Ellen Adler. Christian Bohr was awarded a doctorate in physiology from the University of Copenhagen in 1880 and in 1881 he became a Privatdozent at the university. Late in the same year he married Ellen, who was the daughter of David Adler, a Jewish politician with a high standing in Danish political and commercial life. Christian and Ellen had three children. The eldest was Jenny born in 1883 in the mansion which David Adler had owned opposite Christiansborg Castle where the Danish Parliament sat. Ellen's mother had continued to live in this house after her husband David Adler died in 1878 and Ellen had gone back to her mother's home to have her child. Two years later Niels was born on his mother's 25 th birthday in the same stately home, Ellen again having returned to her mother's house for the birth of her child. The third child of the family, who went on to become a famous mathematician, was

14. Centre For Quantum Computation and experimental research into all aspects of quantum information processing, and into the implications of the quantum theory of computation http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. The Search For A Quantum Field Theory Investigations undertaken to build a consistent quantum theory of fields http://www.cgoakley.demon.co.uk/qft/

[Dr. Chris Oakley's home page] [More comments about academic research] The search for a quantum field theory "[Renormalization is] just a stop-gap procedure. There must be some fundamental change in our ideas, probably a change just as fundamental as the passage from Bohr's orbit theory to quantum mechanics. When you get a number turning out to be infinite which ought to be finite, you should admit that there is something wrong with your equations, and not hope that you can get a good theory just by doctoring up that number." Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, Nobel laureate 1933 Quantum Field Theory purports to be the most fundamental of sciences in that it concerns the ultimate constituents of matter. The term "quantum field theory" is used interchangeably with "particle physics" and "high energy physics" on the grounds that the experimental support for this theory comes from expensive experiments involving high-energy beams of particles. Although such multi-billion-dollar experiments are needed to push the boundaries, the theories of course claim to be universal, and should apply equally to the familiar and everyday world. Current practitioners in the field will no doubt bemoan the fact that taxpayers of the world are increasingly less willing to find the money to pay for this esoteric study. Do they really care whether there are Higgs particles or heavier flavours of quarks? Probably not. Why not? Because it really makes no difference to their own lives. Their message is clear: study theology, philosophy or "useless" branches of science if you will, but if the cost is more than a few academic salaries, blackboards and chalk, then don't expect us to pay.

16. David Deutsch's Home Page quantum theory of Probability and Decisions has now appeared in Proceedings of the Royal Society A455, 31293197 (1999). http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. Physics 219 Course Information Online note covering the theory of quantum information and quantum computation. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. BW Online June 18, 2004 Richard Feynman The Comic Physicist This Nobel winner helped solve a basic flaw in quantum theory, made the esoteric familiar and never missed a chance for a laugh http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. Twistor Web A new approach pioneered by Roger Penrose, starting with conformallyinvariant concepts, to the synthesis of quantum theory and relativity. Some papers on-lin. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~tweb/

20. QTP The quantum theory Project was founded in 1960 by Professor Per Olov L wdin as a group of faculty and researchers dedicated to theoretical http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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