1. William Of Ockham - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia william of ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings, IPA / k m/) (c. 1288 c. 1347) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_of_Ockham

William of Ockham From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Western Philosophers Medieval Philosophy William of Ockham Name William of Ockham Birth c. (Ockham, England) Death (Munich, Germany) School/tradition Scholasticism Main interests Metaphysics Epistemology Theology Logic ... Politics Notable ideas Occam's Razor Nominalism Influenced by Aristotle Aquinas Scotus Influenced Science William of Ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings, IPA /ˈɒkəm/ ) (c. - c. ) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher , from Ockham , a small village in Surrey , near East Horsley . He is considered, along with Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus , one of the major figures of medieval thought and found himself at the center of the major intellectual and political controversies of the fourteenth century. Although commonly known for Occam's Razor , the methodological procedure that bears his name, William of Ockham also produced significant works on logic physics , and theology . In the Church of England , his day of commemoration is April 10 Contents Life Philosophical thought Nominalism Ontological parsimony ... edit Life William of Ockham - Sketch labelled "frater Occham iste", from a manuscript of Ockham's

2. William Of Ockham (c. 1280 - C. 1349) [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Unsigned article which provides an overview of major concepts in Ockham. http://www.iep.utm.edu/o/ockham.htm

William of Ockham (c. 1280 - c. 1349) William of Ockham (1280/5-1347/9), also known as William Ockham or William of Occam, was a fourteenth-century English philosopher. Historically, Ockham has been cast as the outstanding opponent of Thomas Aquinas Plato Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to those parts of this article) 1. Life and Works 2. The Razor 3. Metaphysics: Nominalism 4. Epistemology ... c. Books about Ockham 1. Life and Works Because Ockham joined the Franciscan order (known as the Order of the Friars Minor or OFM), he would have received his early education at a Franciscan house. From there, he pursued a degree in theology at Oxford University. He never completed it, however, because in 1323 he was summoned to the papal court, which had been moved from Rome to Avignon, to answer to charges of heresy. Ockham remained in Avignon under a loose form of house arrest for four years while the papacy carried out its investigation. Through this ordeal Ockham became convinced that the papacy was corrupt and finally decided to flee with some other Franciscans on trial there. On May 26, 1328 they escaped in the night on stolen horses to the court of Louis of Bavaria, a would-be emperor, who had his own reasons for opposing the Pope. They were all ex-communicated and hunted down but never captured.

3. William Of Ockham (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) william of ockham (c. 12871347) is, along with Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus, among the most prominent figures in the history of philosophy during http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ockham/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free William of Ockham First published Fri Aug 16, 2002; substantive revision Sun Jul 9, 2006 1. Life 1.1 England (c. 1287-1324) 1.2 Avignon (1324-28) 1.3 Munich (1328/29-47) ... Related Entries 1. Life Ockham led an unusually eventful life for a philosopher. As with so many medieval figures who were not prominent when they were born, we know next to nothing about the circumstances of Ockham's birth and early years, and have to estimate dates by extrapolating from known dates of events later in his life. Ockham's life may be divided into three main periods. 1.1 England (c. 1287 Ockham was born, probably in late 1287 or early 1288, in the village of Ockham (= Oak Hamlet) in Surrey, a little to the southwest of London. He probably learned basic Latin at a village school in Ockham or nearby, but this is not certain. Around 1310, when he was about 23, Ockham began his theological training. It is not certain where this training occurred. It could well have been at the London Convent, or it could have been at Oxford, where there was another Franciscan convent associated with the university. In any event, Ockham was at Oxford studying theology by at least the year 1318-19, and probably the previous year as well, when (in 1317) he began a required two-year cycle of lectures commenting on Peter Lombard's Sentences

4. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: William Of Ockham Biographical article on the fourteenthcentury Franciscan philosopher. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15636a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... W > William of Ockham William of Ockham Fourteenth-century Scholastic philosopher and controversial writer, born at or near the village of Ockham in Surrey, England , about 1280; died probably at Munich , about 1349. He is said to have studied at Merton College, Oxford , and to have had John Duns Scotus for teacher. At an early age he entered the Order of St. Francis. Towards 1310 he went to Paris , where he may have had Scotus once more for a teacher. About 1320 he became a teacher (magister) at the University of Paris . During this portion of his career he composed his works on Aristotelean physics and on logic . In 1323 he resigned his chair at the university in order to devote himself to ecclesiastical politics. In the controversies which were waged at that time between the advocates of the papacy and those who supported the claims of the civil power Avignon in 1328, but managed to escape and join John of Jandun and Marsilius of Padua , who had taken refuge at the Court of Louis of Bavaria . It was to Louis that he made the boastful offer, "Tu me defendas gladio; ego te defendam calamo".

5. Ockham Summary william of ockham (about 12881348) william of ockham was an English mathematician and philosopher best known for Ockham s razor, one version of which http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ockham.html

William of Ockham about 1288 - 1348 Click the picture above to see a larger version William of Ockham was an English mathematician and philosopher best known for Ockham's razor , one version of which is: It is vain to do with more what can be done with less Full MacTutor biography [Version for printing] List of References (33 books/articles) A Quotation Mathematicians born in the same country Show birthplace location Other Web sites Encyclopaedia Britannica Astroseti (A Spanish translation of this biography) Dave Beckett The Catholic Encyclopedia Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ... Previous (Chronologically) Next Main Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Biographies index JOC/EFR © February 2005 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Ockham.html

6. William Of Occam william of ockham, born in the village of Ockham in Surrey (England) about 1285, was the most influential philosopher of the 14th century and a http://wotug.kent.ac.uk/parallel/www/occam/occam-bio.html

Biography William of Ockham, born in the village of Ockham in Surrey (England) about 1285, was the most influential philosopher of the 14th century and a controversial theologian. He entered the Franciscan order at an early age and took the traditional course of theological studies at Oxford. Strong opposition to his opinions from members of the theological faculty prevented him from obtaining his Master's degree. His teaching had also aroused the attention of Pope John XXII, who summoned him to the papal court in Avignion (France) in 1324. The charges against him were presented by Jogh Lutterell, the former chancellor of the university of Oxford. Ockham was never condemned, but in 1327, while residing in Avignion, he became involved in the dispute over apostolic poverty. When this controversy reached a critical stage in 1328, and the Pope was about to issue a condemnation of the position held by the Franciscans, Ockham and two other Franciscans fled from Avignion to seek the protection of Emperor Louis IV, the Bavarian. They followed the emperor to Munich (Germany) in 1330, where Ockham wrote fervently against the papacy in a series of treatises on papal power and civil sovereignty. The medieval rule of parsimony, or principle of economy, frequently used by Ockham came to be known as

7. Occam's Razor The words are those of the medieval English philosopher and Franciscan monk william of ockham (ca. 12851349). Like many Franciscans, William was a http://skepdic.com/occam.html

Robert Todd Carroll SkepDic.com Click to order from Amazon Occam's razor " Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate " or "plurality should not be posited without necessity." The words are those of the medieval English philosopher and Franciscan monk William of Ockham (ca. 1285-1349). Like many Franciscans, William was a minimalist in this life, idealizing a life of poverty, and like St. Francis himself, battling with the Pope over the issue. William was excommunicated by Pope John XXII. He responded by writing a treatise demonstrating that Pope John was a heretic. What is known as Occam's razor was a common principle in medieval philosophy and was not originated by William, but because of his frequent usage of the principle, his name has become indelibly attached to it. It is unlikely that William would appreciate what some of us have done in his name. For example, atheists often apply Occam's razor in arguing against the existence of God on the grounds that God is an unnecessary hypothesis. We can explain everything without assuming the extra metaphysical baggage of a Divine Being. William's use of the principle of unnecessary plurality occurs in debates over the medieval equivalent of psi.

8. British Academy - William Of Ockham: Dialogus An ongoing project to provide william of ockham s Dialogus in Latin and English. The Latin is currently complete. http://www.britac.ac.uk/pubS/dialogus/ockdial.html

Home Events Fellowship Funding ... Policy Related pages: Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi List of Academy series Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi William of Ockham: Dialogus LATIN TEXT AND ENGLISH TRANSLATION edited by John Kilcullen, George Knysh, Volker Leppin, John Scott and Jan Ballweg under the auspices of the Medieval Texts Editorial Committee of the British Academy Ockham and the Dialogus Preface Table of Contents ... home

9. William Of Ockham William came from Ockham which is near Guildford, S.W. of London, just off junction 10 of the M25 with the A3. Medieval spelling was rubbery and while the http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeImages/People/Ockham/

var REMOTE_HOST="12.68.1243.static.theplanet.com", REMOTE_ADDR="67.18.104.18"; William of Ockham (1285-1349). LA home Images People MML William came from Ockham which is near Guildford, S.W. of London, just off junction 10 of the M25 with the A3. Medieval spelling was "rubbery" and while the village is now named `Ockham', the spelling `Occam' is frequently used in connection with W. W is often credited with making a statement to the effect of, ``if two theories explain the facts equally well then the simpler theory is to be preferred'', but see below. This principle is widely known as `Occam's Razor'. All Saints Church, Ockham. All Saints Church, Ockham, Surrey, contains a (recent) stained-glass window and statue of W'. The church dates from 13C. Behind the church is a gate into the private grounds of Ockham Park. The estate used to be owned by the Lovelace family, as in Ada Lovelace . The original house was destroyed by fire. From Mark Ellison: Mach, Ernst. The Science of Mechanics: A Critical and Historical Account of Its Development , (Trans. TJ McCormack (1960)) Open Court, La Salle IL. Page 577ff.

10. William Of Ockham --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on william of ockham Franciscan philosopher, theologian, and political writer, a late scholastic thinker regarded as http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9056715/William-of-Ockham

var britAdCategory = "other"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Early life Treatise to John XXII Excommunication Additional Reading ... Print this Table of Contents Linked Articles logic; Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. William of Ockham Page 1 of 4 born c. 1285, Ockham, Surrey?, Eng. died 1347/49, Munich, Bavaria [now in Germany] also called William Ockham , Ockham also spelled Occam , byname , or Franciscan philosopher, theologian, and political writer, a late scholastic thinker regarded as the founder of a form of nominalism Ockham, William of... (75 of 1484 words) To read the full article, activate your FREE Trial Commonly Asked Questions About William of Ockham Close Enable free complete viewings of Britannica premium articles when linked from your website or blog-post.

11. BBC - Radio 4 In Our Time - Home Page In the following 63 years william of ockham managed to offend the Chancellor of But why is william of ockham significant in the history of philosophy, http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20070531.shtml

@import '/includes/tbenh.css'; @import url(/radio4/styles/history_rnav_new.css); Home TV Radio Talk ... Radio 4 PROGRAMME FINDER: A-Z Directory Listen Again Download/Podcast What's On Listings ... Presenters PROGRAMME GENRES: Arts and Drama Science History Factual TOP PROGRAMMES THIS WEEK: The Archers Today Programme Woman's Hour In Our Time ... Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! In Our Time MISSED A PROGRAMME? Go to the Listen Again page Thursday 9.00-9.45am, repeated 9.30pm. Programme details OCKHAM'S RAZOR Find out more about this subject by using our research page In the small village of Ockham, near Woking in Surrey, stands a church. Made of grey stone, it has a pitched roof and an unassuming church tower but parts of it date back to the 13 th century. This means they would have been standing when the village witnessed the birth of one of the greatest philosophers in Medieval Europe. His name was William and he became known as William of Ockham. But why is William of Ockham significant in the history of philosophy, how did his turbulent life fit within the political dramas of his time and to what extent do we see his ideas in the work of later thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes and even Martin Luther? Contributors Sir Anthony Kenny , philosopher and former Master of Balliol College, Oxford Marilyn Adams , Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford University Richard Cross , Professor of Medieval Theology at Oriel College, Oxford Audience reactions to this edition Bill - Occam and his razor All these years and I'd thought it was to do with science, and it turns out to be cutting angels and pinheads down to size.

12. Robert Wagner - About William Of Ockham Arthur Stephen McGrade, The Political Thought of william of ockham Personal and Institutional Principles (1974), focuses on Ockham as a political theorist http://www.physik.tu-muenchen.de/~rwagner/me/ockham.html

Robert Wagner about William of Ockham William of Ockham also called W ILLIAM O CKHAM , Ockham also spelled O CCAM , byname V ENERABILIS I NCEPTOR OCTOR INVINCIBILIS c. Early life After his early training, Ockham took the traditional course of theological studies at the University of Oxford and apparently between 1317 and 1319 lectured on the Sentences Sentences (a commentary known as Ordinatio inceptor baccalaureus formatus. Ockham continued his academic career, apparently in English convents, simultaneously studying points of logic in natural philosophy and participating in theological debates. When he left his country for Avignon, Fr., in the autumn of 1324 at the pope's request, he was acquainted with a university environment shaken not only by disputes but also by the challenging of authority: that of the bishops in doctrinal matters and that of the chancellor of the university, John Lutterell, who was dismissed from his post in 1322 at the demand of the teaching staff. theologicus logicus is Luther’s term). On the one hand, with his passion for logic he insisted on evaluations that are severely rational, on distinctions between the necessary and the incidental and differentiation between evidence and degrees of probability – an insistence that places great trust in man’s natural reason and his human nature. On the other hand, as a theologian he referred to the primary importance of the God of the creed whose omnipotence determines the gratuitous salvation of men; God’s saving action consists of giving without any obligation and is already profusely demonstrated in the creation of nature. The medieval rule of economy, that "plurality should not be assumed without necessity," has come to be known as

13. EpistemeLinks: Website Results For Philosopher William Of Ockham General website search results for william of ockham including brief biographies, link resources, and more. Provided by EpistemeLinks. http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Ockh

14. 20th WCP: Russell, Strawson, And William Of Ockham Russell, Strawson, and william of ockham. Sharon Kaye Then, I will present the nominalist alternative as developed by william of ockham. http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Medi/MediKaye.htm

Medieval Philosophy Russell, Strawson, and William of Ockham Sharon Kaye Dalhousie University smkaye@is.dal.ca ABSTRACT: Realism and conventionalism generally establish the parameters of debate over universals. Do abstract terms in language refer to abstract things in the world? The realist answers yes , leaving us with an inflated ontology; the conventionalist answers no Realism and conventionalism are commonly taken to be the primary contenders in the debate over universals. Does abstract language refer to abstract things in the world? The realist answers yes, leaving us with an inflated ontology, the conventionalist answers no, leaving us with subjective categories. In this paper I would like to defend a third possibility which aims to preserve objectivity without multiplying objects. It is nominalism, in the original, medieval sense of the word or more specifically, in the Ockham sense of the word. Willard Quine once remarked that "the nominalists of old . . . object to admitting abstract entities at all, even in the restrained sense of mind-made entities." supposition theory did have its advantages, one of which was the way that it clarified the disagreement between realists and antirealists over meaning and reference. We need to see what each of these linguistic concepts amounts to for Ockham in order to see how he explains abstract language.

15. Nonconformist Church History: William Of Ockham (1285-1347/9) Another example in which this approach was significant for william of ockham is the way in which God s grace acts. Before him, Thomas Aquinas had argued http://web.ukonline.co.uk/cj.tolley/nch-william-ockham.htm

William of Ockham (1285 - 1347 or 1349) b. 1285, Ockham, Surrey, England d. 1347 or 1349, Munich, Bavaria The Pope can be convicted of heresy, if he solemnly defines an error against the faith and asserts that it should be held by Christians. The small village of Ockham, a few miles from the place where the A3 meets the M25 today, was the birthplace of one of the most influential of all mediæval thinkers, William of Ockham. He was among the first to produce reasoned arguments against the mediæval patterns of church doctrine and authority, seeking to return to the patterns found in the New Testament. Today, his name lives on in "Occam's razor," the name given to a logical principle that simplicity is preferable to complexity. As a young man, William became a Franciscan friar. William's education among the Franciscans included logic, a subject that became a lifelong interest for him. Later, William studied theology at Oxford University, and by his early thirties, he was lecturing there on the Four Books of Sentences of Peter Lombard, a leading 12

16. William Of Ockham On The Web william of ockham An extensive examination of William s life, writings and philosophy by Paul The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy william of ockham http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwockhamweb.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test15" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Medieval History var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Medieval History Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Search Medieval History Email Print Filed In: Medieval History William of Ockham on the Web Biographical Catholic Encyclopedia: William of Ockham Brief but thorough biography and overview of William's work by William Turner, with a few helpful hyperlinks. William of Occam A short biography by Dave Beckett of the 14th-century cleric, at the Internet Parallel Computing Archive. William of Ockham An extensive examination of William's life, writings and philosophy by Paul Vincent Spade. Philosophical Decay of Scholasticism The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham Fairly comprehensive biography and examination of William's writings and philosophies concerning Nominalism, the nature of God, reason and authority, Christology, and the relationship of Church and State. Natural law and will in Ockham An extensive and very esoteric excerpt from the History of Philosophy Yearbook by John Kilcullen explores Ockham's approach to natural law, God's will, and logic.

17. Ockham's Ethics william of ockham. Opera Philosophica. Volumes IVII. William Ockham. Two volumes. Notre Dame, Ind. University of Notre Dame Press, 1987. http://www.nd.edu/~afreddos/papers/ockethic.htm

WILLIAM OF OCKHAM (c. 1285 - 1347) Born in England and educated at Oxford, Ockham was the preeminent Franciscan thinker of the mid-fourteenth century. Because of his role in the bitter dispute between the Franciscans and Pope John XXII over evangelical poverty, he was excommunicated in 1328. After that he abandoned philosophy and theology proper, producing instead a series of political tracts on the ecclesiastical and secular power of the papacy. Ockham's moral doctrine has often been summarily dismissed as voluntaristic, authoritarian, fideistic, and even skeptical. Though the first two charges are at least defensible, recent work suggests that Ockham's ethical writings are more subtle and, in short, more Aristotelian than is commonly recognized. Because the relevant texts are dispersed throughout Ockham's non-political works, the recent publication of a complete critical edition of those works should spur more definitive research into his ethics. Right reason and divine commands According to Ockham, moral theory is divided into (i)

18. William Of Ockham: A Short Discourse On Tyrannical Government - Cambridge Univer william of ockham (c. 1285c. 1387) was the most eminent theologian and philosopher of his day, a Franciscan friar who came to believe that the Avignonese http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521358035

19. William Of Ockham william of ockham (or Occam), English schoolman, known as Doctor invincibilis and Venerabilis inceptor, was born in the village of Ockham, Surrey, http://www.nndb.com/people/399/000095114/

This is a beta version of NNDB Search: All Names Living people Dead people Band Names Book Titles Movie Titles Full Text for William of Ockham Born: c. 1285 Birthplace: Ockham, Surrey, England Died: 9-Apr Location of death: Munich, Germany Cause of death: unspecified Gender: Male Religion: Roman Catholic Race or Ethnicity: White Occupation: Philosopher Nationality: England Executive summary: Occam's Razor William of Ockham (or Occam), English schoolman, known as Doctor invincibilis and Venerabilis inceptor , was born in the village of Ockham, Surrey, towards the end of the 13th century. Unattested tradition says that the Franciscans persuaded him while yet a boy to enter their order, sent him to Merton College, Oxford, and to Paris, where he was first the pupil, afterwards the successful rival, of John Duns Scotus . He probably left France about 1314, and there are obscure traces of his presence in Germany, in Italy, and in England during the following seven years. It has generally been held that in 1322 he appeared as the provincial of England at the celebrated assembly of the Franciscan order at Perugia, and that there he headed the revolt of the Franciscans against Pope John XXII ; but, according to Little (

20. William Of Ockham: A Who2 Profile william of ockham (also spelled Occam) was a 14th century English philosopher who was also a Franciscan friar. Resistant to the popular wave of http://www.who2.com/williamofockham.html

@import url("http://www.who2.com/css/standard_gamma.css"); Find Famous People Fast! Who2 FAQ Who2 Blog For Students Contact Who2 Browse by Name: A B C D ... Z William of Ockham Philosopher William of Ockham (also spelled Occam) was a 14th century English philosopher who was also a Franciscan friar. Resistant to the popular wave of Scholasticism, a philosophical position that tried to unify worldly and religious ideas, William of Ockham asserted that one could not know God through reason and rationality. His philosophy is sometimes called nominalism, and he is now most famous for only one of his many ideas, what is called the principle of Ockham's Razor (or The Law of Parsimony): that the simplest explanation to any problem is the best explanation. Because of his views challenging papal supremacy, Ockham was charged with heresy in 1324. He fled to Bavaria, where he spent the remainder of his life. Ockham's Razor is one of many terms found in our loop, Who's What? Four Good Links William of Ockham Good entry from the Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy William of Ockham: Dialogus Online texts and other materials for serious study William of Ockham The Catholic Encylopedia says he went too far William of Ockham Brief profile, but a nice list of other resources

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