21. Spinoza A brief discussion of the life and works of baruch spinoza, with links to electronic texts and additional information. http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/spin.htm

Philosophy Pages Search Dictionary Study Guide ... Locke Baruch Spinoza Life and Works Method Metaphysics God / Nature ... Internet Sources Baruch Spinoza was born to Portuguese Jews living in exile in Holland, but his life among the Marranos there was often unsettled. Despite an early rabbinical education, he was expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam for defending heretical opinions in 1656. While engaging privately in serious study of medieval Jewish thought, Cartesian philosophy , and the new science at Rijnburg and the Hague, Spinoza supported himself by grinding optical lenses, an occupation that probably contributed to the consumption that killed him. Private circulation of his philosophical treatises soon earned him a significant reputation throughout Europe, but Spinoza so treasured his intellectual independence that in 1673 he declined the opportunity to teach at Heidelberg, preferring to continue his endeavors alone. Spinoza's first published work was a systematic presentation of the philosophy of Descartes , to which he added his own suggestions for its improvement.

22. Benedict De Spinoza [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Entry on spinoza, with biography and main elements of his philosophical thought. http://www.iep.utm.edu/s/spinoza.htm

Benedict De Spinoza (1632 – 1677) Benedict de Spinoza was among the most important of the post-Cartesian philosophers who flourished in the second half of the 17th century. He made significant contributions in virtually every area of philosophy, and his writings reveal the influence of such divergent sources as Stoicism, Jewish Rationalism, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Descartes, and a variety of heterodox religious thinkers of his day. For this reason he is difficult to categorize, though he is usually counted, along with Descartes and Leibniz, as one of the three major Rationalists. Given Spinoza’s devaluation of sense perception as a means of acquiring knowledge, his description of a purely intellectual form of cognition, and his idealization of geometry as a model for philosophy, this categorization is fair. But it should not blind us to the eclecticism of his pursuits, nor to the striking originality of his thought. Among philosophers, Spinoza is best known for his Ethics , a monumental work that presents an ethical vision unfolding out of a monistic metaphysics in which God and Nature are identified. God is no longer the transcendent creator of the universe who rules it via providence, but Nature itself, understood as an infinite, necessary, and fully deterministic system of which humans are a part. Humans find happiness only through a rational understanding of this system and their place within it. On account of this and the many other provocative positions he advocates, Spinoza has remained an enormously controversial figure. For many, he is the harbinger of enlightened modernity who calls us to live by the guidance of reason. For others, he is the enemy of the traditions that sustain us and the denier of what is noble within us. After a review of Spinoza’s life and works, this article examines the main themes of his philosophy, primarily as they are set forth in the

23. Baruch Spinoza Critical entry on spinoza by Kelley L. Ross. Part of the project of the Friesian School. http://www.friesian.com/spinoza.htm

Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) Baruch Spinoza was one of the great philosophers of the age of Rationalism and a major influence thereafter, as on, paradoxically, both of the bitter enemies Arthur Schopenhauer and G.W.F. Hegel . From a Portuguese Jewish family that had fled to the relative tolerance of the Netherlands, one of the most famous things about Spinoza was his expulsion from the Dutch Jewish community. This is often called an "excommunication," though, as I used to have a high school teacher protest, there is really no such thing as "excommunication" in Judaism. Nevertheless, Spinoza was expelled from the Jewish community and anathematized. Although he is today recognized as one of the greatest Jewish philosophers ever, and the chief Rabbis of Israel have been petitioned to formally lift the curse upon him, this has not happened: Spinoza remains a controversial person in Judaism, for very much the same reasons that led to his expulsion in the first place. Spinoza's God is not the God of Abraham and Isaac, not a personal God at all, and his system provides no reason for the revelatory status of the Bible or the practice of Judaism, or of any religion, for that matter. Spinoza's alienation from his community is reflected in an alternative version of his name. "Baruch" in Hebrew (

24. Philosophers : Baruch Spinoza A short biography of the Dutch philosopher. Part of The Window, a clearinghouse for philosophy on the Web. http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/spinoza.html

Baruch Spinoza Dutch Philosopher See Also: Descartes Hobbes Index Interactive ... Feedback

25. Baruch Spinoza Quotes - The Quotations Page baruch spinoza (1632 1677) Dutch Jewish philosopher more author details baruch spinoza, The Ethics. - 6 Quotations in other collections http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Baruch_Spinoza/

Quotation Search by keyword or author: Home Weblog Quotes of the Day Motivational ... Read books online at our other site: The Literature Page Quotations by Author Baruch Spinoza (1632 - 1677) Dutch Jewish philosopher [more author details] Showing quotations 1 to 3 of 3 total Do not weep; do not wax indignant. Understand. Baruch Spinoza - More quotations on: [ Happiness Peace is not an absence of war, it is a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence, confidence, justice. Baruch Spinoza - More quotations on: [ Peace If men were born free, they would, so long as they remained free, form no conception of good and evil. Baruch Spinoza The Ethics 6 Quotations in other collections Search for Baruch Spinoza at Amazon.com Showing quotations 1 to 3 of 3 total Previous Author: Edmund Spenser Next Author: Benjamin Spock Return to Author List Browse our complete list of 3141 authors by last name: A B C D ... Z (c) 1994-2007 QuotationsPage.com and Michael Moncur Please read the

26. Cooley Science Library - Spinoza Webliography Cooley Science Library baruch spinoza Webliography. spinoza Portrait spinoza Electronic Texts (Annotated by J.B. Yesselman) http://cooley.colgate.edu/cslweb/curresup/spinoza.html

Baruch Spinoza Webliography Brief Biography http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ndhawan/spinoza.html Spinoza Net http://www.spinoza.net/Main.htm Dedication to Spinoza's Insights http://www.yesselman.com/ Spinoza Electronic Texts (Annotated by J.B. Yesselman) http://www.yesselman.com#TTP Ethics (Project Gutenberg Etexts) http://sailor.gutenberg.org/by-title/xx500.html Tractatus Politicus http://www.constitution.org/bs/poltr-00.htm Improvement of Understanding (Project Gutenberg Etexts) http://sailor.gutenberg.org/by-title/xx747.html Studia Spinoziana http://frank.mtsu.edu/~rbombard/RB/spinoza.new.html U.C. Davis Lecture Notes http://www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu/phi022/spinlec.htm SpinozaWeb http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Academy/4364/SpinozaWeb.html Spinoza et Nous (Spinoza in the French Language) http://spinozaetnous.free.fr/ The Philosophy of Benedictus de Spinoza (1632-1677) (Ethica and Tractatus Intellectus Emendatione in Latin) http://home.planetinternet.be/~pin86315/spinoza/ To Cooley Home Page http://cooley.colgate.edu/cslweb/curresup/spinoza.html Revised 010709 Compiled and maintained by Peter Tagtmeyer Correspondence to: ptagtmeyer@mail.colgate.edu

27. Spinoza, Baruch Glossary of Religion and Philosophy Short Biography of baruch spinoza. http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/general/bldef_spinozabaruch.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Agnosticism / Atheism Agnosticism / Atheism Atheism ... Help Baruch Spinoza Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms Rene Descartes Gottfried Leibniz Name: Baruch Spinoza Benedict Spinoza Benedict de Spinoza Dates: Born: November 24, 1632 in Amsterdam Died: February 21, 1677 Biography: Baruch Spinoza one of the founders of the rationalist movement in modern philosophy, generally placed alongside figures like Rene Descartes and Gottfried Leibniz. Spinoza associated himself with freethinkers in his youth and would eventually be expelled from the Jewish community in Amsterdam for his "abominable heresies" and "monstrous acts." The reasons for such a reaction seem to include denying the laws of Moses and even the immortality of the soul. Spinoza also argued that God is simply the mechanism of the universe and that the Bible is nothing more than a metaphorical and allegorical work, not a divine revelation. This was all part of his development of a system which would become known as naturalistic or scientific pantheism. Spinoza's pantheism, unlike some other forms, was very impersonal in how God was conceived. As a result, many people considered him an atheist and some even labeled him the "Greatest Atheist". Others, however, argued just the opposite. German author Novalis labeled him as a

28. EpistemeLinks: Website Results For Philosopher Baruch Spinoza General website search results for baruch spinoza including brief biographies, link resources, and more. Provided by EpistemeLinks. http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Spin

29. Baruch Spinoza Benedict De spinoza Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web Site baruch spinoza. Web Site The spinoza Net. Web Site spinoza the first modern pantheist http://www.kheper.net/topics/philosophy/Spinoza.html

Kheper Home Western Philosophy Home Topics Index Esotericism ... Guestbook Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza Spinoza and Rabbinic Judaism Spinoza and Christianity Links Benedict De Spinoza - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Baruch Spinoza The Spinoza Net Spinoza: the first modern pantheist Kheper Home ... contact me page compiled by M.Alan Kazlev page uploaded 29 October 1999, last modified 3 August 2004

30. Web Sites On Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza Short directory of web resources on spinoza. A project of the Philosophy Department at Gustavus Adolphus College. http://gustavus.edu/academics/philosophy/spinoza2.html

Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza Web Sites on Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza A Dedication to Spinoza's Insights Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza (The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Comments on Spinoza (Ess) Spinoza: Introduction A Spinoza Chronology Studia Spinoziana Spinozistic Calculus ... Spinoza Exhibition Back to Previous Page Gustavus Philosophy Department Home Page

31. Reasonable Doubt - New York Times baruch spinoza’s life and thought have the power to illuminate the kind of events that at the moment seem so intractable and overwhelming. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/29/opinion/29goldstein.html?pagewanted=print

32. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) baruch or Benedict de spinoza, one of the greatest Dutch philosophers of his time, was born on november 24th, 1632 Amsterdam. He died on february 21th, http://spinoza.mine.nu/

Benedictus de Spinoza (1632-1677) Life Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza, one of the greatest Dutch philosophers of his time, was born on november 24th, 1632 Amsterdam. He died on february 21th, 1677 's-Gravenhage. He grew up in a Jewish environment. Not yet 24 years old, Spinoza rejected traditional interpretations of Scripture and thus deviated from Jewish orthodoxy. In 1656 he was expelled from the synagogue at Amsterdam on charges of heretical thought and practice, after which he Latinized his name to Benedict. He left Amsterdam and went to Rijnsburg, Voorburg and The Hague. In Rijnsburg one can still visit his house, now better known as the Spinozahuis museum. During his lifetime Spinoza was a controversial figure, largely because his philosophical pantheism was not widely appreciated in either Jewish or Christian religious circles. His influence then and immediately after his death is not always easy to pinpoint. Although he left no school of disciples, his works were read by Leibniz and others. His popularity increased in the 18th and 19th centuries when he influenced such diverse persons as the French Encyclopedists, Goethe, Coleridge, and even Hegel. Today the depth and rigor of his thought is widely recognized. Works Renati Des Cartes principiorum philosophiae pars Cogitata Metaphysica (1663), translated in 1664 by Spinoza's friend Pieter Balling. /

33. A Dedication To Spinoza's Insights - Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page Electronic Text and Commentary on baruch spinoza s The Ethics, On the Improvement of Human Understanding, TheologicoPolitical Treatise, and Political http://www.yesselman.com/

A DEDICATION TO SPINOZA 'S INSIGHTS Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Jewish-Portuguese-Dutch Philosopher. Spinoza 's insights help evolve all Religions to a Universal Religion Just as the Hebrew Bible was the Constitution of the then Hebrew State, so the World Bible will be the Constitution of the to-be World State Joseph B. Yesselman's Home Page ... Browser Notes —Use 800 x 600 resolution and medium size text for all pages. Kindly tell me of any broken links. Spinoza defined "sorrow, boredom, joy" with one definition. You TRY—it's difficult, but enlightening . The more you try, the more will the insight's beauty delight you. E3:Preface(12) E-mail your definition of "sorrow, boredom, joy". josephb@yesselman.com Caution: words such as "panic, anguish, displeased, bored, pleased, delight, elation" are properties not definitions . Try for the cause; the measuring yardstick. G:Note 1 E1:Parkinson Keep trying Answer Spinoza also defined "hate, indifference, love" with one definition. You TRY—it's difficult, but

34. Baruch Spinoza Quotes baruch spinoza quotes,baruch, spinoza, author, authors, writer, writers, people, famous people. http://thinkexist.com/quotes/baruch_spinoza/

Advanced Search My Account Help Add the "Dynamic Daily Quotation" to Your Site or Blog - it's Easy! All Baruch Spinoza Quotations Authors Topics Keywords ... More... Famous people: Name Nationality Occupation Date ... B Bas 1-10 Quotations of Baruch Spinoza quotes Dutch Philosopher , exponent of the Rationalism, Popularity: Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes . About: Happiness quotes Silence quotes World quotes Men quotes Add to Chapter... Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes . About: Happiness quotes Love quotes Unhappiness quotes Add to Chapter... Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes Add to Chapter... Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes . About: Happiness quotes Add to Chapter... santiz Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes . About: Peace quotes Add to Chapter... Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes . About: War quotes Peace quotes Add to Chapter... show_bar(10375,'peace_is_not_an_absence_of_war-it_is_a_virtue-a') Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes . About: Freedom quotes Learning quotes Understanding quotes Mankind quotes . For: 4th of July quotes Add to Chapter... Baruch Spinoza quote Similar Quotes . About: Philosophy quotes Religion quotes Teachers and teaching quotes Add to Chapter...

35. Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza Benedictus (baruch) spinoza was an objective, impersonal philosopher whose theological views influenced German Idealists such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe http://www.alcott.net/alcott/home/champions/Spinoza.html

Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza, 1632 - 1677 Benedictus (Baruch) Spinoza was an objective, impersonal philosopher whose theological views influenced German Idealists such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and New England Transcendentalists such as George Ripley and Theodore Parker Ralph Waldo Emerson 's ideas presented in the essay " The Over-Soul " are indebted to his insights into the identity of God and Nature. Henry David Thoreau 's thoughts on the human community in Walden reflect his Stoic approach to ethics, wherein the greatest joy is a human nature that is perfectly aware and accepting of its place in and unity with the universe.

36. Baruch Spinoza Philosopher of the Month. January 2002 baruch spinoza. Margaret Gullan-Whur. spinoza is acknowledged in all philosophical traditions as a great thinker, http://www.philosophers.co.uk/cafe/phil_jan2002.htm

Home Articles Games Portals ... Contact Us Philosopher of the Month January 2002 - Baruch Spinoza Margaret Gullan-Whur Spinoza is acknowledged in all philosophical traditions as a great thinker, yet his work is seldom studied. Here is a paradox that, like his doctrines, is explicable on several levels, each giving rise to further paradoxes. Small wonder that those who think the beautiful theory is the simple one shun him. Some textual ambiguities spring from the complexity of his cultural background. Born in Amsterdam in 1632 of Portuguese Jews who had fled the Inquisition, Spinoza was expelled at twenty-four from his orthodox community for 'horrendous heresies'. Bento de Espinosa (Baruch in the synagogue and seminary) became Benedictus, Western scholar and opinionated proponent of the 'new philosophy' that threatened all theistic religions with its assertion of a mechanistic universe. Yet Spinoza would never speak good Dutch, or marry, and in some ways remained a thinker in the Jewish rationalist tradition. His largely self-taught classical education never displaced his love for Hebrew studies and Spanish mystical literature. His Theologico-Political Treatise , challenging Hobbes's pronouncements in

37. Prof Asa Kasher Although the latter book was available to Jacob Klatzkin, when he was writing his book, baruch spinoza (in 1923), he translated the proclamation of http://www.tau.ac.il/~kasher/pspin.htm

Asa Kasher and Shlomo Biderman WHY WAS BARUCH DE SPINOZA EXCOMMUNICATED? On the 6th of the month of Av, 5416, July 27, 1656, the excommunication of Baruch de Spinoza was proclaimed from the Ark in the synagogue of Talmud Torah, the united congregation of the Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam. The complete version of the proclamation, written in Portuguese, is found in the Book of Ordinances of the congregation (Livro dos Acordos de Nacao e Ascamot)( ) and it includes some highly interesting details: "The Lords of the Ma'amad", i.e. the governing body of six parnassim and the gabbai, announce that "having long known of the evil opinions and acts of Baruch de Spinoza, they have endeavored by various means and promises, to turn him from his evil ways. But having failed to make him mend his wicked ways, and, on the contrary, daily receiving more and more serious information about the abominable heresies which he practiced and taught and about his monstrous deeds, and having for this numerous trustworthy witnesses who have deposed and born witness to this effect in the presence of the said Espinoza, they became convinced of the truth of this matter; and after all of this has been investigated in the presence of the honorable hakhamim, they have decided, with their consent, that the said Espinoza should be excommunicated and expelled from the people of Israel..." ( The "hakhamim," namely the official rabbis of the community, with whose consent the resolution was made to excommunicate the "said Espinoza," were familiar with thetraditional wording of the proclamations of excommunication and excerpts of these onventional formulations were incorporated in the announcement of Spinoza's excommunication:

38. Baruch Spinoza Quotes 48 quotes and quotations by baruch spinoza. baruch spinoza All noble things are as difficult as they are rare. baruch spinoza http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/b/baruch_spinoza.html

Add the "Quote of the Day" to Your Site or Blog - it's EASY! Home Quote Topics Quote Keywords ... Author Nationalities Authors: A B C D ... Z Web brainyquote.com Baruch Spinoza Quotes Type: Philosopher Quotes Date of Birth: November 24 Date of Death: February 21 Find on Amazon: Baruch Spinoza Related Authors: Friedrich Nietzsche Thomas Carlyle Plato Aristotle ... George Santayana All happiness or unhappiness solely depends upon the quality of the object to which we are attached by love. Baruch Spinoza All noble things are as difficult as they are rare. Baruch Spinoza All things excellent are as difficult as they are rare. Baruch Spinoza Ambition is the immoderate desire for power. Baruch Spinoza Be not astonished at new ideas; for it is well known to you that a thing does not therefore cease to be true because it is not accepted by many. Baruch Spinoza Blessedness is not the reward of virtue but virtue itself. Baruch Spinoza Desire is the essence of a man. Baruch Spinoza Desire is the very essence of man. Baruch Spinoza Do not weep; do not wax indignant. Understand. Baruch Spinoza Fame has also this great drawback, that if we pursue it, we must direct our lives so as to please the fancy of men.

39. Welcome To The Spinoza Study The spinoza Net, The spinoza Net is dedicated to furthering research, knowledge and discussion about the works, reception and contributions of baruch http://home.earthlink.net/~tneff/

Welcome to The Spinoza Study MENU: Introduction MENU: Related Thoughts MENU: Spinoza's Works Site last modified: What's New? Related Sites email to: tneff [at] earthlink [dot] net Spinoza expressed his resolve to: "...inquire whether there might be some real good having power to communicate itself, which would affect the mind singly, to the exclusion of all else; whether, in fact, there might be anything of which the discovery and attainment would enable me to enjoy continuous, supreme, and unending happiness." He found, for himself, that the "chief good" is "knowledge of the union existing between the mind and the whole of nature." The true study of Spinoza's ideas involves the study of our own particular nature, seeking to clarify the confusions and passive emotions brought about through our own imagination and, by using Reason and Intuition, to direct our mind toward union with our Eternal Essential Being. This site is dedicated to the memory No!, to the Living Ideas expressed by Benedict de Spinoza, and to Frederick Kettner [see The Biosophical Institute Note ] both of whom grasped the essence of those ideas and applied themselves to awakening knowledge of the Eternal and Infinite One in the minds of their students.

40. Light Within: Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza I read this today Benedict (baruch) spinoza was a philosopher from Holland. All his life he lived in poverty and was also excommunicated in 1656. http://sajshirazi.blogspot.com/2005/08/benedict-baruch-spinoza.html

skip to main skip to sidebar Light Within ...blogging experiments and proposals ... December 18, 2007 Benedict (Baruch) Spinoza Spinoza had declined the chairmanship of Philosophy Department, the Heidelberg University, did not oblige King Lois IV by dedicating any of his books to him as he desired though he could have earned stipend for life in return. Famous merchant of Amsterdam wanted to make him his successor but Spinoza disliked. So many people were ready to help but Spinoza was rich with his own contentment. The servant might have got some thing more valuable if Spinoza would have had accepted the bounties. Labels: Life Posted by Shirazi This entry was posted on December 18, 2007 at 3:00 PM You can skip to the end and leave a response. 8 comments: Kat said... 5:32 PM PKT We learned about Spinoza in school during the Philosophie classes...but some details I didn't know that i.e. he is even kind of famous in the Netherlands. VonAurum said... 10:16 PM PKT As a matter of fact many living philosopher, especially Humanist philosopher, consider Spinoza to be their favorite philosopher. Russell said that he was the noblest of the philosophers. absar said...

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