21. John Rawls - A Theory Of Justice Go to slide 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 http://www.commerce.usask.ca/faculty/backman/lectures/HCA434/Ethics/Ethics2/slid

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22. Rawls, John Glossary of Religion and Philosophy Short Biography of john rawls. http://atheism.about.com/library/glossary/general/bldef_rawls.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Agnosticism / Atheism Agnosticism / Atheism Atheism ... Help John Rawls Back to Last Page Glossary Index Related Terms ethics Name: John Rawls Dates: Born: February 21, 1921 in Baltimore, Maryland Died: n/a Biography: John Rawls is an American political philosopher whose own version of the social contract theory develops the concept of justice being equivalent to fairness. According to Rawls, the best way to balance freedoms and limit inequality in a society is for people to imagine that they they are setting up the rules from behind a "veil of ignorance." What this phrase means is that, when setting up the rules, people have no idea who or what they will be when enter society. It is possible to be part of any class, race, etc. In this way, people have to devise rules which will be equally beneficial and least harmful to all. Works A Theory of Justice (1971) Political Liberalism (1993) Also Known As: none Alternate Spellings: none Common Misspellings: none Related Resources: Biographies of Philosophers This index of biographical index of famous philosophers throughout history includes many others who have contributed to our understanding of human nature and life - including sociologists, psychologists, scientists, and more.

23. | John-rawls.com A collection of musical compositions, photography, digital art, and original writings by john rawls. http://www.john-rawls.com/

24. The Philosopher Of Our Times - May 11, 2007 - The New York Sun When john rawls died in 2002 he was, without doubt, the most significant political philosopher in the Englishspeaking world. This may come as a surprise to http://www.nysun.com/article/54265

GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-2780138255948105", "NYSUN_ROS_Mid_ATF_125x125"); Current Weather Recent Editions Mon Tue Wed Thu January 25-27, 2008 Search Archives: Advertise Subscribe Contact Us Email Alerts ... Print The Philosopher of Our Times Books Review of: Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy By STEVEN B. SMITH May 11, 2007 A D V E R T I S E M E N T A D V E R T I S E M E N T When John Rawls died in 2002 he was, without doubt, the most significant political philosopher in the English-speaking world. This may come as a surprise to some readers because Rawls's name is almost entirely unknown outside academic circles. His major works — "A Theory of Justice" (1971), "Political Liberalism" (1993), and "The Law of Peoples" (2001) — are large and forbidding books that remain principally within the purview of professional philosophers. Still Rawls's influence has been massive. Rawls's ambition was to re-establish the grand tradition of political philosophy at a time when it was widely considered moribund. It had become either something called "the history of political thought" which examined political ideas in their historical context, or a branch of "analytical philosophy" which was based on the minute linguistic and logical analysis of concepts. The publication of "A Theory of Justice" had the virtue of breathing new life into a dying field. Rawls turned back to the social contract tradition of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and especially Immanuel Kant in order to derive substantive principles of justice that could provide a defense of a more democratic social order.

25. UNC-CH Department Of Cell And Molecular Physiology: Faculty Research Interests john F. rawls, PhD Assistant Professor. Education. BS, Emory University 1996 PhD, Washington University 2001. Molecular and genetic analysis of http://www.med.unc.edu/physiolo/fac_rawls.htm

Medical Biomolecular Research Building (919) 966- 8340 office (919) 966- 6336 lab john_rawls@med.unc.edu Biosketch Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (IBMS) Program ... Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology John F. Rawls, PhD Assistant Professor Education: BS, Emory University 1996 PhD, Washington University 2001 Molecular and genetic analysis of host-microbial interactions in the vertebrate digestive tract We are using the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) to investigate the mechanisms underlying host-microbial interactions in the vertebrate gut. The zebrafish is optically transparent from organogenesis through the onset of adulthood, facilitating in vivo real-time observations of the digestive tract and its microbial inhabitants. Furthermore, the small size of the zebrafish facilitates high-throughput genetic and chemical screens. We have developed methods for rearing germ-free zebrafish, and used those techniques to identify host responses to the gut microbiota that have been evolutionarily conserved between fish and mammals. To generate simplified experimental platforms, we have also identified individual bacterial members of the gut microbiota that elicit conserved host responses upon colonization of germ-free zebrafish. Our results indicate that different host responses are caused by distinct bacterial signals, and that these host-microbial interactions are regulated by dietary composition. Current research projects are focused on the following areas:

26. The Politics Of John Rawls. Summarises objections to john rawls contractarian liberalism, and its conservative intent. http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/rawls.html

The politics of John Rawls This is a political summary of the defects of John Rawls' contractarian liberalism. Rawls Theory of Justice (1971) is the most influential normative work of political philosophy of the last two generations. In 1993 it was followed by a broader work on Political Liberalism. Rawls later work claims that his concerns are not metaphysical, but political: a stable and workable society in the western liberal tradition. In reality, all his work is a justification of liberal societies against others. Worse, it is a justification of the inequality and injustice in those societies, and a model for a conservative future. Rawls died on 24 November 2002. Last update 11 January 2003. Objections to the Theory of Justice The form of social contract described by John Rawls in A Theory of Justice can be called the 'fictive assembly' type. In another 1970's version, by Bruce Ackerman, the assembly is more explicit - the inhabitants of a planet draw up a social contract on a spaceship ( Social justice in the Liberal State New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980). In both cases, the social contract is the contract which would be confirmed by the entire population, under ideal conditions, after perfect and complete consideration.

27. SSRN-John Rawls By David Reidy This is an encyclopedia entry (for the IVR Encyclopedia of legal and political philosophy) covering john rawls. It aims to provide a general but not http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1069953

28. Obituary: John Rawls | Obituaries | Guardian Unlimited With the death of john rawls, from heart failure at the age of 81, the Englishspeaking world lost its leading political philosopher. http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,3604,848488,00.html

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,,,00.css); Skip to main content Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Comment is free blog Newsblog Sport blog Podcasts In pictures Video Archive search Arts and entertainment Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Environment Film Football Jobs Katine appeal Life and style MediaGuardian.co.uk Money Music The Observer Politics Science Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Technology Travel Been there Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Compare finance products Crossword Events / offers Feedback Garden centre GNM press office Graduate Guardian Bookshop GuardianEcostore GuardianFilms Headline service Help / contacts Information Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Soulmates dating Style guide Syndication services Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working for us Guardian Abroad Guardian Weekly Money Observer Public Learn Guardian back issues Observer back issues Guardian Professional Jobs Search: Guardian Unlimited Web Home UK Business Audio ... Quiz Search this site In this section Other lives Tommy McQuater Sir Howard Dalton John Stewart ... Norman Webster John Rawls A leading political philosopher in the tradition of Locke, Rousseau and Kant, he put individual rights ahead of the common good

29. JOHN RAWLS: LIBERTY john rawls, The Idea of an Overlapping Consensus , Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 7 (1987), pp. 125. Jean Hampton, Should political philosophy be done http://www.humanities.mq.edu.au/Ockham/y64l15.html

POL264 Modern Political Theory JOHN RAWLS: LIBERTY John Kilcullen Macquarie University See John Rawls: The Original Position Rawls: Decisions in the Original Position 3 The priority of liberty Let us turn now to the third of the distinctive features of Rawls's theory, the priority of liberty. Liberty ('Freedom' and 'liberty' mean the same.) In 20th century political philosophy some have favoured a 'negative' concept of liberty (freedom from constraint) and criticised 'positive' notions of liberty ('freedom to') as incipiently authoritarian. According to Rawls every liberty is both negative and positive. That there is a certain liberty means that a certain person (or persons, or all persons) is (are) not under certain constraints, so that they can do a certain sort of thing (see p. 202). There are many possible liberties, including freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, religious freedom, freedom of the person (the rule of law, freedom from arbitrary arrest), freedom to acquire private property, certain political rights (the right to vote, to stand for office), etc. (American constitutional debates have produced a large literature on these topics; see for example M. Konvitz, Fundamental Liberties of a Free People .) Rawls does not discuss these in detail. Those who are poor, ignorant, lack the means, may not be able to take advantage of their rights (or liberties). Some writers have suggested that such circumstances (e.g. poverty) may violate such rights, thus building into the concept of the right the circumstances that make it possible to exercise it. Rawls does not follow this line. He does not say that poverty etc. violate or restrict the right; he says that they diminish its worth or value to the individual who has it. Thus he distinguishes between the right or liberty and its value or worth.

30. John Rawls Biography john rawls (February 21, 1921 November 24, 2002) was a Professor of Political Philosophy at Harvard University and author of A Theory of Justice (1971), http://www.biographybase.com/biography/Rawls_John.html

Biography Base Home Link To Us Search Biographies: Browse Biographies A B C D ... Z John Rawls Biography John Rawls (February 21, 1921 - November 24, 2002) was a Professor of Political Philosophy at Harvard University and author of A Theory of Justice (1971), Political Liberalism, and The Law of Peoples. Biographical Sketch Rawls's Contribution to Political and Moral Philosophy Rawls is noted for his contributions to liberal political philosophy. Among the ideas from Rawls's work that have received wide attention are: The two principles of justice (the liberty principle and the difference principle). The original position and the veil of ignorance. Reflective equilibrium. Overlapping consensus. Public reason. Many academic philosophers believe that Rawls has made an important and lasting contribution to political philosophy. Others find Rawls's work unpersuasive and disengaged from political praxis. There is general agreement, however, that the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971 led to a revival in the academic study of political philosophy. Rawls's work has crossed disciplinary lines, receiving serious attention from economists, legal scholars, political scientists, sociologists, and theologians. Rawls has the unique distinction among contemporary political philosophers of being frequently cited by the courts of law in the United States. A Theory of Justice Method: The Original Position and Reflective Equilibrium In his most famous book, A Theory of Justice, Rawls argued for the two principles using the thought experiment of the original position, from which representatives would select principles of justice from behind a veil of ignorance. Rawls saw the original position as a development of the social contract theories associated with Thomas Hobbes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and John Locke. Rawls argued that the representative parties in the original position would select justice as fairness, including the liberty principle and the difference principle, to govern the basic structure of society. In addition to the original position, Rawls relied on the notion of reflective equilibrium, which tests the results obtained from the original position against our considered judgments about particular cases.

31. Reason Magazine - Hit & Run > Legislating John Rawls? In his A Theory of Justice, philosopher john rawls basically argued that a just society is one that minimizes inequalities among its citizens. http://www.reason.com/blog/show/123715.html

@import "/media/css/tf.css"; /* layout - screen only*/ @import "/media/css/reason.css"; /* layout - screen only*/ Reason Magazine Contact Subscribe Site Search Home Subscribe Contact Us Reason Staff ... Submissions Site comments/questions: Mike Alissi Tips, comments, and questions: Media Inquiries and Reprint Permissions: Chris Mitchell (800) 582-2245 ext. 3037 3415 S. Sepulveda Blvd. Suite 400 Los Angeles, CA 90034 ADVERTISEMENTS RSS Feed Missing out on the newest blog posts? Keep track using our RSS feed, and you'll never skip a beat. Legislating John Rawls? Ronald Bailey In his A Theory of Justice , philosopher John Rawls basically argued that a just society is one that minimizes inequalities among its citizens. In furtherance of that goal, Rawls devised his difference principle which declared that in order for any change to be accepted as an improvement, it must help the least advantaged representative person. I suspect that Rawls would be happy to endorse the Income Equity Act of 2007 , introduced by Rep. Barbara Lee (D-Calif.). The Act aims to limit the compensation of corporate executives in the name of equality. As the Progressive Democrats of America site explains the Act: Amends the Internal Revenue Code to: (1) deny employers a tax deduction for payments of excessive compensation to any employee (i.e., more than 25 times the lowest compensation paid any other employee); and (2) require such employers to file a report on compensation paid to their employees with the Secretary of the Treasury.

32. John Rawls - Liberal Thinkers - Liberalism The Harvard philosopher john rawls is part of the tradition of liberal contract theorists, as associated with T. Hobbes, JJ Rousseau, J. Locke and I. Kant. http://www.liberal-international.org/editorial.asp?ia_id=686

33. John Rawls, "Punishment" An excerpt from rawls 1955 paper, with study questions. http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Applied/deathpenalty/Rawls.html

Utilitarianism Egoism Justice Rights Theory ... Ethics Updates ". . . dedicated to promoting the thoughtful discussion of difficult moral issues." Lawrence M. Hinman University of San Diego John Rawls "Punishment" About the Author: John Rawls, who is now Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Harvard University, is one of the major moral and political philosophers of the twentieth century. His A Theory of Justice set the stage for an entire generation of thinkers in their discussions of justice as fairness. His most recent book is Political Liberalism About the Article: Rawls draws a crucial distinction between (1) justifying a practice or institution and (2) justifying particular actions that fall under it. He then applies this distinction to the question of how we justify punishment. He argues that utilitarian considerations justify the institution of punishment as a whole, while retributivist concerns dictate and justify the decision to punishment particular crimes in particular ways. He then shows why utilitarian justifications of punishment as a institution are not open to the kinds of abuses some critics of utilitarianism have alleged.

34. John Rawls, Theorist On Justice, Is Dead At 82 - New York Times john rawls, the American political theorist whose work gave new meaning and resonance to the concepts of justice and liberalism, died on Sunday at his home http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9504E5DE1F39F935A15752C1A9649C8B6

35. Rawls, John rawls (19212002), nordamerikansk filosof. Efter at have studeret ved Cornell og Princeton University, hvor han skrev sin doktorafhandling, var rawls en http://www.leksikon.org/art.php?n=3401

36. Half Sigma: John Rawls, Human Biodiversity, And Redistribution Of Wealth The new politics of common sense. Neither Republican, Democratic, nor Libertarian. http://www.halfsigma.com/2008/01/john-rawls-and.html

Half Sigma The new politics of common sense. Neither Republican, Democratic, nor Libertarian. Half Sigma Persian Rugs If the United States places some sort of economic embargo on Iran, this probably means there will be no more Persian rugs for sale in the U.S. I urge my readers to visit this online rug store before it's too late. There is nothing like a quality handmade imported Persian rug to add that special look to your home. I have one in my apartment and everytime I look at it I'm glad I don't have one of those cheap machine made rugs. Main January 20, 2008 John Rawls, human biodiversity, and redistribution of wealth Last week, I reread sections 11-13 of John Rawls’ book A Theory of Justice . The first time I was exposed to Rawls, I dismissed it as crazy left-wing talk. However, I realize now that Rawls is not your typical clueless leftist. The key point that Rawls makes is that there’s a natural lottery of talents and abilities. Rawls understands what few liberals do; even if it’s somehow possible to create a society where there’s no adverse consequences to being born to lower class parents, it’s impossible to change the fact that some people are born with more natural abilities than others: While the liberal conception seems clearly preferable to the system of natural liberty, intuitively it still appears defective. For one thing, even if it works to perfection in eliminating the influence of social contingencies, it still permits the distribution of wealth and income to be determined by the natural distribution of abilities and talents. Within the limits allowed by the background arrangements, distributive shares are decided by the outcome of the natural lottery; and this outcome is arbitrary from a moral perspective. There is no more reason to permit the distribution of income and wealth to be settled by distribution of natural assets than by historical and social fortune.

37. Illiberal Justice: John Rawls Vs. The American Political Tradition By David Lewi Illiberal Justice is a trenchant and tenacious critical engagement with the whole of john rawls s corpus. No previous analysis of rawls has examined his http://press.umsystem.edu/fall2006/schaefer.htm

UNIVERSITY OF M ISSOURI PRESS Illiberal Justice John Rawls vs. the American Political Tradition David Lewis Schaefer ISBN 978-0-8262-1684-7 384 pages 6 1/8 x 9 1/4 bibliography, index, 2007 $49.95s cloth ISBN 978-0-8262-1699-1 $24.95s paper "Illiberal Justice is a trenchant and tenacious critical engagement with the whole of John Rawls's corpus. No previous analysis of Rawls has examined his texts in so encompassing and meticulous a way, or placed his thought in so broad and provocative a philosophical and historical context."– Thomas L. Pangle “This is a major accomplishment, more than a statement on Rawls. It is in addition to that a kind of meditation on political life and contemporary liberalism by a widely read, thoughtful, fearless observer who is not at all wishy-washy or dull in his judgments on Rawls or contemporary politics.”— Michael P. Zuckert "A vigorous and relentless scrubbing of John Rawls's theory of justice. With insistent questions David Schaefer exposes the political failings of its arbitrary abstractions and offers instead his own good sense and clear prose."— Harvey Mansfield “In Illiberal Justice , David Schaefer offers a clear, cogent, and comprehensive presentation of the political thought of John Rawls that even Rawls’s admirers will find highly instructive.”—

38. Problems With John Rawls' Veil Of Ignorance@Everything2.com john rawls theory of justice seeks to find a compromise between utilitarianism and Kant s deontology, both of which many people find to be http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1232127

39. EpistemeLinks: Website Results For Philosopher John Rawls General website search results for john rawls including brief biographies, link resources, and more. Provided by EpistemeLinks. http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Rawl

40. John Rawls - Research And Read Books, Journals, Articles At Research john rawls at the Questia.com online library. http://www.questia.com/library/john-rawls.jsp

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