21. Who's Who In Medieval History - Hypatia Of Alexandria Basic information and useful websites about hypatia of alexandria. http://historymedren.about.com/library/who/blwwhypatia.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test15" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Medieval History var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Medieval History Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Search Medieval History Email Print Filed In: Medieval History Hypatia of Alexandria c. 370-415 Philosopher Mathematician Woman of Note ... Africa: Egypt Recognized as the leader of Neoplatonist school of philosophy in Alexandria, Hypatia studied astronomy and wrote mathematical and scientific commentaries. She was brutally murdered by Christian monks, possibly at the command of a jealous bishop. At About.com Hypatia of Alexandria An introduction to the story of Hypatia with links to great online resources, by your About.com Guide to Ancient/Classical History, N.S. Gill. Related Resources Women of the Middle Ages A multilevel index to online biographies, general introductions and in-depth analyses of women in all walks of life.

22. Hypatia Of Alexandria By Maria Dzieska (Making feminist scholars work accessible to you.) A Sunshine for Women s Book Summary Read excerpts from this biography about hypatia of alexandria, http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/book-sum/hypatia.html

Sunshine for Women Book Summaries Home Hypatia of Alexandria Maria Dzieska Harvard University Press 1995 1) "Hypatia was murdered by "a troop of savage and merciless fanatics" instigated by Cyril, and the crime was never punished, apparently because "superstition [Christianity] perhaps would more gently expiate the blood of a virgin, than the banishment of a saint." This representation of the "Alexandrian crime" perfectly fitted Gibbon's theory that the rise of Christianity was the crucial cause of the fall of the ancient civilization." page 4 2) "After studying the epigram some scholars, such as Wolfgang Meyer, have inferred that there were two Hypatias: Theon's daughter, at the turn of the fourth and fifth centuries, and Erythrius' daughter, in the second half of the fifth century. This conclusion, however, is only partly correct, for we know that there were more women named Hypatia, including a benefactress of the church in the mid-fifth century . . . . The name was by no means uncommon, and it was not confined to pagan women." page 23 3) "This brief survey indicates that Hypatia's closest, most loyal students were people who later held high imperial or ecclesiastical positions. Of even greater significance is evidence that agents of the imperial power arriving in Alexandria became close acquaintances of Hypatia and most likely attended her lectures." page 38

23. Hypatia Of Alexandria Quotes - The Quotations Page hypatia of alexandria (370 AD 415 AD) Greek mathematician more author details hypatia of alexandria; Reserve your right to think, for even to think http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/

Quotation Search by keyword or author: Home Weblog Quotes of the Day Motivational ... Read books online at our other site: The Literature Page Quotations by Author Hypatia of Alexandria (370 AD - 415 AD) Greek mathematician [more author details] Showing quotations 1 to 2 of 2 total All formal dogmatic religions are fallacious and must never be accepted by self-respecting persons as final. Hypatia of Alexandria Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all. Hypatia of Alexandria Search for Hypatia of Alexandria at Amazon.com Showing quotations 1 to 2 of 2 total Previous Author: Thomas H. Huxley Next Author: Lee Iacocca Return to Author List Browse our complete list of 3141 authors by last name: A B C D ... Z (c) 1994-2007 QuotationsPage.com and Michael Moncur Please read the

24. Read This: Hypatia Of Alexandria: Mathematician And Martyr Read This! The MAA Online book review column review of hypatia of alexandria Mathematician and Martyr, by Michael AB Deakin. http://www.maa.org/reviews/hypatiadeakin.html

Read This! The MAA Online book review column Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr by Michael A. B. Deakin Posted to MAA Reviews August 30, 2007. Posted to Read This! October 9, 2007. In the introduction to this book, Michael Deakin expresses surprise that there have been so few full-length treatments of the life and work of Hypatia, and that, in particular, most such accounts have had very little to say about her mathematics. But in fact it is not surprising at all. In one of the appendices of this book, Deakin collects all the primary sources on Hypatia and her life. He is quite generous, including material that is only tangentially related but helps to set the context and also including some mentions that may well be secondary, dependent on other sources in his appendix. It all fills only 21 pages, and almost all of it is about Hypatia's death. None of it is material written by Hypatia, and none of it contains any mathematics at all. Given how little information this actually is, why write about Hypatia at all? Well, because she is a useful figure. The manner of her death was used, from the 18th century to the early 20th, in various kinds of propaganda: anti-clerical, anti-Catholic, and anti-Christian, in roughly chronological order. The fact that she is one of the last active mathematicians in the Ancient Greek tradition makes her death in the hands of a mob an excellent symbol of the end of that tradition, particularly for those, from Gibbon onwards, who want to blame the rise of Christianity for the decline of Classical culture. The fact that she was a woman has made her useful again, from the late 19th century onwards, as a feminist icon. Were it not for this usefulness, there would be even fewer books about Hypatia, and there would be none, like this one, aimed at the "general public."

25. Hypatia Of Alexandria - A Stage Play This stage play about the famous Hellenistic teacher Hypatia tells a story of civil unrest in fifth century Alexandria, Egypt. This doesn t sound like such http://www.superscribbler.com/hypatia.htm

Gerald Everett Jones Writer-Producer Photo by Alain Ekmalian Screenplays Theater Author's Biography Personal Bibliography ... Favorite Reading Hypatia of Alexandria A Play in Three Acts by Gerald Everett Jones This stage play about the famous Hellenistic teacher Hypatia tells a story of civil unrest in fifth century Alexandria, Egypt. This doesn't sound like such an old story when you consider it's filled with riots, political corruption, racial persecution, the decline of the military establishment, economic depression, a perceived decline in moral values, and vicious religious politics. You might say it's a cautionary tale for our times. Hypatia was the last of a long line of philosophers to head the Library of Alexandria. She spoke out against the persecution of the city's Jews, became romantically linked with the powerful prefect of Rome, and ended up being hacked to death by a mob of Christian fanatics. And somewhere, sometime no one can really prove when someone destroyed everything she ever wrote and most of of the other books she taught. The Cast of Characters Historical Notes Production Notes Read an Excerpt - Hypatia's Monologue from Act One ... Home The playwright is a member of The Dramatists Guild, Inc.

26. Convergence | Hypatia Of Alexandria: Mathematician And Martyr A biography of Hypatia in her times, which carefully distinguishes between the known facts of her life and the many speculations about her. http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1678

27. WikiAnswers - Who Is Hypatia Of Alexandria Answer Who is hypatia of alexandria? Even if you can t offer a complete answer, help us get things started. Research your answer http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_is_hypatia_of_alexandria&src=ansTT

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28. Hypatia Of Alexandria - Crystalinks hypatia of alexandria (c. 380 415) was a philosopher, mathematician, and teacher who lived in Alexandria, then a Greek city. Several works are attributed http://www.crystalinks.com/hypatia.html

Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 380 - 415) was a philosopher, mathematician, and teacher who lived in Alexandria, then a Greek city. Several works are attributed to her by later sources, including commentaries on Diophantus' Arithmetica, on Apollonius's Conics and on Ptolemy's works, but none has survived. Letters written to her by her pupil Synesius give an idea of her intellectual milieu. She was of the Platonic school, although her adherence to the writings of Plotinus, the 3rd century follower of Plato and principal of the neo-Platonic school, is merely assumed. Hypatia's contributions to science are reputed (on scant evidence) to include the invention of the astrolabe and the hydrometer. She was the daughter of Theon, the last fellow of the Museum of Alexandria, which was adjacent to or included in the main Library of Alexandria. Hypatia did not teach in the Museum, but received her pupils in her own private home. No images of her exist, but nineteenth century writers and artists envisioned her as an Athene-like beauty. Hypatia was murdered in March 415 in the Alexandrian church of the Caesareum (a former pagan temple) by a mob led by a Christian magistrate named Peter. The motive seems to have been rooted in religious and political controversies.

29. Facts On Hypatia hypatia of alexandria. Throughout the history of science, mathematics, Her name was Hypatia. She lived in the city of Alexandria in Egypt, http://www.supernaturalminds.com/Hypatia.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); Home Articles Forum Links ... Mental Exercises SupernaturalMinds.com Home Of The Greatest Minds In The World News Genius Traits Free Email Contact ... Spyware We Know It's Out There, Now What Do We Do About It? A comprehensive online biomedical glossary for student reference. Free Energy: What "they" don't want you to know Ancient Civilizations: More Advanced Than We Are Today? Theory Of Everything Ancient African Voyages: Did They Reach The New World Before Europe? ... Wardenclyffe: Nikola Tesla's Dream For Free Energy And The Conspiracy Which Destroyed It Hypatia Of Alexandria Throughout the history of science, mathematics, and philosophy, women have often been overlooked. But there is a woman who once lived who can never be overlooked, for her mental capabilities astounded all those around her. Her name was Hypatia. She lived in the city of Alexandria in Egypt, which at the time was a Greek settlement. She was a mathematician, philosopher, and teacher. Some of her inventions were the astrolabe and the hydrometer. She was the daughter of Theon, who was the last fellow Hypatia was gifted in every way. She was beautiful, and her intellect was astonishing. That intellect was nurtured by the best minds in the land. And she was steered toward independence. "Reserve your right to think," her father said, "for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all."

30. About Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria (approx. AD 370 415) was the daughter of the mathematician Theon. She was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (a prominent http://users.aol.com/HypatiaX/abouthyp.htm

So, You're Curious About Hypatia.... Hypatia of Alexandria (approx. AD 370 - 415) was the daughter of the mathematician Theon. She was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (a prominent proponent of Neoplatonism) who became famous throughout the the eastern Mediterranean, and had a great number of students. She was an attractive woman as well, and had many male friends, although she rejected her suitors (I understand she had a revulsion for the physical aspects of love, although I haven't read the material cited for this). One of her more famous devotees was Synesius of Cyrene, bishop of Ptolemais in Libya. She became the Librarian of Alexandria (the Library of Alexandria was considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) and wrote commentaries on Apollonius' work on conic sections (geometry) and Diophantus (simple and quadratic equations, and early algebraic thought), as well as revising the third book of her father's Commentary on the Almagest (a commentary on Ptolemy's book series on astronomy). When she reached middle age, Cyril (Saint Cyril) became the new Patriarch of Alexandria (a very high position in the Christian hierarchy of the times). He apparently had spent his early training with a rather virulent sect of Christian monks, and shortly after taking office, he kicked out another Christian sect on grounds of heresy. Later, he led a mob in destroying the homes and businesses of the Alexandrian Jewish community. The prefect of Egypt, Orestes, a friend of Hypatia, criticized Cyril for these acts; Cyril summoned his friends from the sect (the monks of Nitria) to act as his personal army. Cyril spread it about that the prefect was being corrupted by his friendship with this unclean Pagan woman.

31. Hypatia By Faith L. Justice I despaired of piecing together the puzzle until 1995 when Harvard University Press published a slim translation of hypatia of alexandria by Maria Dzielska, http://www.coachlightpress.com/bygone/hypatia.shtml

My Hunt for Hypatia, Lady Philosopher of Alexandria (b. 355 AD, d. 415 AD) by Faith L. Justice I first came across Hypatia's story in 1980 when I attended Judy Chicago's groundbreaking feminist art exhibit The Dinner Party . Chicago and her team selected thirty-nine subjects for an elaborate dinner party, where each "guest" was honored for contributions to womankind. In the accompanying book, Hypatia was described as a Roman scholar and philosopher who lived in Alexandria...a woman who stressed the importance of goddesses and the feminine aspects of culture. The article detailed the pagan philosopher's death in 415 AD at the hands of a Christian mob with the clear implication she was murdered because she was a woman as much as because she was a pagan. The Dinner Party came at a crucial point in my life. I had experienced discrimination at work and in the marketplace firsthand. I looked for role modelswomen who spoke out and lived their lives as they wanted, in spite of society's restrictions. The Dinner Party offered me a wealth of candidatesgoddesses, queens, literary lights. But something about Hypatia's story tugged at me. She was a scientist and mathematician in a time when woman had very few choices. She excelled and was recognized for her accomplishments. Her name came down to us through the ages, when so many women of talent remained nameless. That last fact added to the mystery, romance, and inherent drama of Hypatia's life and death. I wanted to know more.

32. Hypatia Of Alexandria On Preparing For The Future - Archaeology Quotations hypatia of alexandria was a mathematician and the last scholar to lead the universities in the city of Alexandria before they burned along with the library http://archaeology.about.com/od/quotations/qt/quote77.htm

zGCID=" test0" zGCID=" test0 test6" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Education Archaeology Archaeologists ... Anthropologist Quotes Hypatia of Alexandria on Preparing for the Future - Archaeology Quotations Archaeology Education Archaeology Essentials ... Submit to Digg More Archaeology Quotations Archaeology Quotations Most Popular The Sphinx, Old Kingdom, Egypt Research Paper Topics Letter of Intent Great Pyramid at Giza ... Terracotta Army Hypatia of Alexandria on Preparing for the Future From K. Kris Hirst Your Guide to Archaeology FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! Archaeology Quotations To understand the things that are at our door is the best preparation for understanding those things that lie beyond. Attributed to mathematician Hypatia of Alexandria, the last scholar to lead the universities in the city of Alexandria before they burned along with the library in the 5th century AD. More Archaeology Quotations Archaeology Quotations Related Articles Preventing Diabetes Diabetes Warning Signs Keep Kids Diabetes-Free What is Diabetes? What is Pre-diabetes? ... Diabetes and Pregnancy What's Hot Neanderthals Study Guide Emerging Complexity Archaeology Quiz: Black Death Canterbury Cathedral, England

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34. Biography - Hypatia Of Alexandria: C.370-415 hypatia of alexandria was the first woman recognized as a mathematician and scientist since the recording of history. Her interests included astronomy, http://www.light-science.com/hypatia.html

Journal of scientists, physicists, mathematicians, engineers, and inventors biographies with science projects. Home Biographies Biology Chemistry ... Tables If you have questions concerning this website, contact webmaster@light-science.com Be sure to add your country and icon to the world guestmap! True Story: At the height of World War II, in 1942, the British Navy had a sudden breakdown in radio communications. The British became convinced that it was a German trick. It turned out to be disturbances caused by sunspots over 93 million miles away. The True Story of Black Hawk Down Cosmos Collector's Edition Boxed set - VHS Carl Sagan's COSMOS is one of the most influential science programs ever made. Q. Does the moon have a dark side? A. The moon does have a far side which is impossible to see from the earth, but it doesn't mean that it's always dark. Each side of the moon is dark for no longer than 15 days at a time. Q. Where does sound come from? A. The air is always filled with sound waves. All things give off vibrations, but some have a low frequency which most cannot hear. The reason: it may take 3 minutes to make a single vibration. They may be caused by earthquakes and storms. Hypatia of Alexandria: c.370-415

35. Hypatia Of Alexandria (c. A.D. 370-417) Although there is no evidence that Hypatia did any original research, she assisted her father, Theon of Alexandria, in writing his elevenpart commentary on http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/H/Hypatia.html

MATHEMATICIANS A B C ... CONTACT entire Web this site Hypatia of Alexandria (c. AD The first woman known to have made a significant contribution to mathematics. Although there is no evidence that Hypatia did any original research, she assisted her father, Theon of Alexandria, in writing his eleven-part commentary on Ptolemy's great work on astronomy and mathematics, the Almagest . It's thought that she also helped in producing a new version of Euclid's Elements , which formed the basis for all later editions of Euclid. Hypatia became head of the Platonist school at Alexandria in about AD 400 and, as a pagan, represented a threat to some Christian sects who felt threatened by her learning and depth of scientific knowledge. In the end, although the exact circumstances are unclear, she was murdered by a mob. The event served as a trigger for the departure of many scholars and the beginning of the decline of Alexandria as a major academic center. Related category MATHEMATICIANS Also on this site: BACK TO TOP var site="s13space1234"

36. Hypatia Of Alexandria - Associated Content Check out hypatia of alexandria Submitted by Mark Whittington at Associated Content. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/16754/hypatia_of_alexandria.html

Find Publish Community Join ... History Hypatia of Alexandria Philosopher, Mathematician, Astronomer Hypatia of Alexandria was born in the year 370. She was the daughter of the philosopher Theon, who directed the Museum of Alexandria, a center of Greek culture and learning that included the Great Library and many schools. Hypatia studied with her father, and with other philosophers, including Plutarch the Younger. Eventually she became a teacher at the Neoplatonist school of philosophy. She became the director of this school in 400. She probably wrote on mathematics, astronomy and philosophy, including about the motions of the planets, about number theory and about conic sections. Some of her works, now lost to history, include The Astronomical Canon A Commentary on the Arithmetica of Diophantus and A Commentary on the Conics of Apollonious . She edited the third book of her father's Commentary on the Almagest of Ptolemy Remarkable for a woman at the time, she dressed in philosophers robes rather than female dress and drove in her own chariot through the streets of the city. She was a pagan in an era in which the Christian church had increasingly grown in power and influence. In the same

37. The My Hero Project - HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA hypatia of alexandria she taught mathematics and natural philosophy over 1500 years ago. Plato was a great thinker, philosopher, teacher and advocate for http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=HYPATIA_SLOVENIA

38. Hypatia The Martyr Of The Pagans And Feminist Movement hypatia of alexandria (350370 to 415 AD) was one of the first women to make Hypatia became head of the Platonist school at Alexandria in about 400 AD. http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Ypatia.htm

Hypatia the martyr of the Pagans and feminist movement Michael Lahanas Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all Hypatia (c. ) AD So then once it happened that Cyril who was bishop of the opposing faction, passing by the house of Hypatia, saw that there was a great pushing and shoving against the doors, "of men and horses together, some approaching, some departing, and some standing by. When he asked what crowd this was and what the tumult at the house was, he heard from those who followed that the philosopher Hypatia was now speaking and that it was her house. When he learned this, his soul was bitten with envy, so that he immediately plotted her death, a most unholy of all deaths. For as she came out as usual many close-packed ferocious men, truly despicable, fearing neither the eye of the gods nor the vengeance of men, killed the philosopher, inflicting this very great pollution and shame on their homeland. Suda Of the more than 300 listed mathematicians of ancient Greece , about 12% were women. Most of them were connected with the Pythagorean

39. Hypatia Of Alexandria, Philosopher, Mathematician hypatia of alexandria, biography, philosophical work of Hypatia. http://www.women-philosophers.com/Hypatia-of-Alexandria.html

Hypatia of Alexandria, Egypt 375CE Most people date Hypatia of Alexandria from around 375 or 359 CE. She was the daughter of a philosopher, Theon who was a teacher and a fellow of the Museum of Alexandria. During her time Alexandria, Egypt was a major center of learning and Hypatia of Alexandria became a major figure in the work of science, mathematics and philosophy. c. 391 Theophiuls who was the patriarch of Alexandria destroyed some pagan temples in the city. In the same year, the Emperor Theodosius published an edict prohibiting certain aspects of pagan worship. These actions spurred many Christians in the Roman empire to try to eliminate paganism and some destroyed pagan places of worship. c. 400 CE, Hypatia of Alexandria became head of the Platonist school in that city. She taught both mathematics and philosophy. Although she was a pagan living during a time of great tension between Christians and pagans, Hypatia of Alexandria enjoyed the respect of both Christian and pagans alike. A contemporary Christian scholar, Socrates of Constantinople said of her:

40. Hypatia Of Alexandria Hypatia was born around the year of 370 AD, in Alexandria Egypt. She was the daughter of Theon, who was considered one of the most educated men in http://www.hypatia-phd.com/hypatia.html

Hypatia of Alexandria By: Eva Sandler Hypatia was born around the year of 370 AD, in Alexandria Egypt. She was the daughter of Theon, who was considered one of the most educated men in Alexandria. Theon was a well known scholar and professor of mathematics at the University of Alexandria, at a time when mathematics and sciences were considered heresy by the Christians. Because Theon raised Hypatia in a world of education, he influenced Hypatia's enthusiasm for mathematics and sciences (astronomy and astrology) as she grew older. Hypatia received education from her father, at a time when it was unusual for women to receive formal education. It is believed that she surpassed her father's knowledge at a very young age. Hypatia was also a strong believer in the importance of education. Hypatia is famous for editing the work on the Conics of Apollonius, which divided cones into different parts by a plane. This concept developed the ideas of hyperbolas, parabolas, and ellipses. She is also famous for writing The Astronomical Canon. Hypatia was the first woman to have a profound impact on the survival of early thought in mathematics. She was a brilliant and powerful lecturer, and her philosophy had religious undertones. She also designed an astrolabe, which is a tool that determines the altitudes of the stars and planets, as well as a hydroscope, which is used to view objects far below the surface of the water. Hypatia was the first noted woman mathematician, writer, esteemed teacher, astronomer, and scientist.

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