1. Hypatia Of Alexandria - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypatia_of_Alexandria

Hypatia of Alexandria From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search A 1908 portrait of Hypatia Hypatia of Alexandria pronounced /haɪˈpeɪʃə/ Greek ; born between and AD – AD) was a Greek or Egyptian scholar, considered the first notable woman in mathematics , who also taught philosophy and astronomy She lived in Roman Egypt , and was killed by a Christian mob who blamed her for religious turmoil. Hailed as a "valiant defender of science against religion" , some suggest that her murder marked the end of the Hellenistic Age. A Neoplatonist philosopher , she followed the school characterized by the 3rd century Plotinus , and discouraged mysticism - while encouraging logical and mathematical studies. Contents Life Works Death Legacy ... edit Life Hypatia, as depicted in Raphael 's The School of Athens Hypatia travelled to both Athens and Italy to study, before becoming head of the Platonist school at Alexandria in approximately 400 AD, and would teach Plato and Aristotle to anybody willing to listen, including a number of Christians and foreigners who came to her classes.

2. Hypatia Of Alexandria Provides a short biography as well as links to more detailed accounts. http://www.cosmopolis.com/people/hypatia.html

Hypatia of Alexandria Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher (d. 415 C.E.) Hypatia was a mathematician, astronomer, and Platonic philosopher. According to the Byzantine encyclopedia The Suda , her father Theon was the last head of the Museum at Alexandria. Hypatia's prominence was accentuated by the fact that she was both female and pagan in an increasingly Christian environment. Shortly before her death, Cyril was made the Christian bishop of Alexandria, and a conflict arose between Cyril and the prefect Orestes. Orestes was disliked by some Christians and was a friend of Hypatia, and rumors started that Hypatia was to blame for the conflict. In the spring of 415 C.E., the situation reached a tragic conclusion when a band of Christian monks seized Hypatia on the street, beat her, and dragged her body to a church where they mutilated her flesh with sharp tiles and burned her remains. Her works include: A Commentary on the Arithmetica of Diophantus A Commentary on the Conics of Apollonious She edited the third book of her father's Commentary on the Almagest of Ptolemy Local Resources The Life of Hypatia from The Suda . This is the first ever English translation of this important source. The Life of Hypatia by Socrates Scholasticus . This biography tells the story of her murder. The Life of Hypatia by John, Bishop of Nikiu

3. Hypatia Summary Hypatia (about 370415) hypatia of alexandria Hypatia was the first woman to make a substantial contribution to the development of mathematics. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hypatia.html

Hypatia of Alexandria about 370 - 415 Click the picture above to see two larger pictures Hypatia was the first woman to make a substantial contribution to the development of mathematics. She was killed by a fanatical Christian sect. Full MacTutor biography [Version for printing] List of References (12 books/articles) A Poster of Hypatia Mathematicians born in the same country Honours awarded to Hypatia (Click below for those honoured in this way) Lunar features Crater Hypatia and Rimae Hypatia Other Web sites Encyclopaedia Britannica Astroseti (A Spanish translation of this biography) Alexandria on the Web (A longer biography and some links to other sources including the account by Socrates Scholasticus mentioned above) H A Landman (Including many further links) Agnes Scott College P Alfeld Previous (Chronologically) Next Main Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Biographies index JOC/EFR © April 1999 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Mathematicians/Hypatia.html

4. Hypatia Of Alexandria Resource page maintained by Howard A. Landman. Hosts a number of biographical works on Hypatia, as well as extensive annotated links. http://www.polyamory.org/~howard/Hypatia/

Hypatia of Alexandria Selected as the Librarians' Site du Jour for May 6, 1998 Assembed and maintained by Howard A. Landman Resources at this site The very large Hypatia Book List Dr. M. A. B. Deakin's "The Primary Sources for the Life and Work of Hypatia of Alexandria" The best place to start if you want to know what we really know about Hypatia, as opposed to the reams of fictionalized accounts of her life. "The History Of Hypatia", Thomas Lewis, 1721 A partial transcription of a very rare book (I only know of 3 copies in the world). It was written as a reply to John Toland's book of the previous year, and consists mostly of spleen and invective. "Hypatia, or, New Foes with an Old Face", Charles Kingsley, 1907 edition NEW! A partial transcription of Kingsley's 1853 novel. "Hypatia", Elbert Hubbard, 1928 edition A complete transcription of Hubbard's essay of circa 1908, taken from the 1928 edition printed after his death. "The martyrdom of Hypatia, or, The death of the classical world", Mangasar Mugurditch Mangasarian, circa 1915 Resources at other sites Classroom Activities on Hypatia Alexandria magazine The Life of Hypatia from The Suda ... The Life of Hypatia by John, Bishop of Nikiu

5. Hypatia - Biography Of Hypatia Hypatia, a mathematician, was an important pagan philosopher. hypatia of alexandria was a popular teacher in the Roman empire, and came under attack by the http://womenshistory.about.com/od/hypati1/a/hypatia.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test5" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Women's History var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Women's History Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Search Women's History Biographies Women's Rights Email ... on the Women's History Forum Hypatia h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML); philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician By Jone Johnson Lewis , About.com See More About: hypatia women scientists women philosophers ancient women writers ... women mathematicians Hypatia was the daughter of Theon of Alexandria who was a teacher of mathematics with the Museum of Alexandria in Egypt. A center of Greek intellectual and cultural life, the Museum included many independent schools and the great library of Alexandria. Hypatia studied with her father, and with many others including Plutarch the Younger. She herself taught at the Neoplatonist school of philosophy. She became the salaried director of this school in 400. She probably wrote on mathematics, astronomy and philosophy, including about the motions of the planets, about number theory and about conic sections.

6. Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria was a famous philosopher of Egypt who ran into trouble with the Christian Church. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa033198.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test15" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Ancient / Classical History var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Ancient / Classical History Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Search Ancient History Issues Email Print See More About: hypatia alexandria mathematicians philosophers ... early christianity Hypatia of Alexandria (355 or 370 - 415/416 A.D.) Dateline: 03/31/98 You almost expect to hear: "she was a fine philosopher for a woman " when hearing about ancient female prodigies. After all, our predecessors' opportunities, especially if they were "respectable" women, were nearly non-existent. This week's woman, however, defies all such qualifiers. Hypatia was, simply, the last great Alexandrian mathematician and philosopher. By writing a commentary on The Conics of Apollonius of Perga which divided cones into sections by a plane, Hypatia made geometry intelligible to her students and ultimately transmissible. Since men thronged to hear her ideas on philosophy, she taught neoplatonic ideas to pagans and Christians alike, including Synesius of Cyrene, who helped refine the doctrine of the Trinity.

7. ABC Radio National - Ockham's Razor Transcript - 3 Aug 97 For hypatia of alexandria was indeed, at the time she was killed by Christian fanatics, the world s foremost mathematician and astronomer and also a leading http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/or030897.htm

Radio National Transcripts: Ockham's Razor Sunday, 3rd August, 1997 Hypatia of Alexandria Robyn Williams: Today's talk gives an unanswerable reason why girls shouldn't do mathematics. At least not in the 5th Century AD. It's an extraordinary story and here to tell it is Maths Lecturer from Monash, Dr Michael Deakin. Dr Deakin: Imagine a time when the world's greatest living mathematician was a woman, indeed a physically beautiful woman, and a woman who was simultaneously the world's leading astronomer. And imagine that she conducted her life and her professional work in a city as turbulent and troubled as Ayodhya or Amritsar, Belfast or Beirut is today. And imagine such a female mathematician achieving fame not only in her specialist field, but also as a philosopher and religious thinker, who attracted a large popular following. And imagine her as a virgin martyr killed, not for her Christianity, but by Christians because she was not one of them. And imagine that the guilt of her death was widely whispered to lie at the door of one of Christianity's most honoured and significant saints. Would we not expect to have heard of all this? Would it not be shouted from the rooftops? Would it not be possible to walk into any bookstore and buy a biography of this woman? Would not her life be common knowledge?

8. APOD: 2002 January 13 - Hypatia Of Alexandria Hypatia s legendary knowledge, modesty, and public speaking ability flourished during the era of the Great Library of Alexandria. Hypatia is credited with http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap020113.html

Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2002 January 13 Hypatia of Alexandria Explanation: Sixteen hundred years ago, Hypatia became one of the world's leading scholars in mathematics and astronomy. Hypatia 's legendary knowledge, modesty, and public speaking ability flourished during the era of the Great Library of Alexandria . Hypatia is credited with contributions to geometry and astrometry , and she is thought instrumental in the development of the sky-measuring astrolabe . "Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all," Hypatia is credited with saying. "To teach superstitions as truth is a most terrible thing." Tomorrow's picture: Sun Halo Archive Index Search ... USRA NASA Technical Rep.: Jay Norris Specific rights apply A service of: LHEA at NASA GSFC Michigan Tech. U.

9. HYPATIA A review of a relatively new book about Hypatia has just surfaced. The book is hypatia of alexandria by Maria Dzielska, 1995 (Cambridge Harvard University http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/HYPATIA.html

HYPATIA Natural Philosopher (355? - 415 CE) She is one of the more romantic figures in science. She was the daughter of Theon, a mathematician who taught at the great school at the Alexandrine Library. She traveled widely and corresponded with people all over the Mediterranean. We know of her only through her letters because all of her work was destroyed when the Great Library of Alexandia was destroyed. She taught at the school in the Library in Alexandria, Egypt. Letters written and addressed simply to the philosopher were delivered to her. She taught mathematics and natural philosophy. She is credited with the authorship of three major treatises on geometry and algebra and one on astronomy. She invented several tools: an instrument for distilling water, an instrument to measure the specific gravity of water, an astrolabe and a planisphere. She died violently. She was dragged to her death by a mob who pulled her from her classroom into the streets where they peeled her to death with oyster shells. She wrote that All formal dogmatic religions are fallacious and must never be accepted by self-respecting persons as final.

10. Hypatia Of Alexandria - Encyclopedia Article About Hypatia Of Alexandria. encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/ Hypatia+of+Alexandria Similar pages Hypatiahypatia of alexandria was a woman of grace and eloquence, of beauty and wisdom. In the book by Maria Dzielska, hypatia of alexandria, the strongest http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hypatia of Alexandria

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='Hypatia of Alexandria' Printer Friendly 760,923,572 visitors served. TheFreeDictionary Google Word / Article Starts with Ends with Text subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Idioms Encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia Hypatia of Alexandria Also found in: Encyclopedia Hutchinson 0.04 sec. write_ads(AdsNum, 0) Hypatia of Alexandria Greek ; born between and AD) was a Greek or Egyptian Neoplatonist philosopher , the first notable woman in mathematics , and who also taught in the fields of astronomy and astrology . She lived in Alexandria in Roman Egypt at the turn of the 5th century, at a time when paganism was actively suppressed. Her fame stems principally from her murder in 415 AD at the hands of a Christian mob Letters written to Hypatia by her pupil Synesius give an idea of her intellectual milieu. She was of the Platonic school, although her adherence was to the writings of Plotinus , the 3rd century follower of Plato and principal of the neo-Platonic school. Later sources attribute several works to Hypatia, including commentaries on

11. Hypatia Of Alexandria Play By Kathleen M. Miller At The Newburyport, MA The world premier of the new historical drama, hypatia of alexandria will take place at the Actor’s Studio in Newburyport, MA, http://www.hypatiaofalexandria.com/

World Premier of by Kathleen M. Miller Directed by Sherry Bonder November 12 - 14 50 Water Street, Newburyport. Tickets $10 ~ reservations (978) 465-1229 Kathleen M. Miller Writer Sherry Bonder Director Jeff Bowden Governor Orestes Karen Dent High Priestess Diana Timothy Dargon Monk Peter Jesse Fox Salmeh Arthur Knight Archbishop Cyril Justine Mainville Adriana Kathleen Miller Hypatia Ivy Smith Mirium Micheal Thurston Archbishop Theophilus Newburyport, MA - The world premier of the new historical drama, "Hypatia of Alexandria" will take place at the Actor’s Studio in Newburyport, MA, one weekend only, November 12 – 14th. "Hypatia of Alexandria" written by Kathleen M. Miller, directed by Sherry Bonder, features Jeff Bowden (Governor Orestes), Karen Dent (High Priestess Diana), Timothy Dargon (Monk Peter), Jesse Fox (Salmeh), Arthur Knight (Archbishop Cyril), Justine Mainville (Adriana), Kathleen Miller (Hypatia), Ivy Smith (Mirium) and Micheal Thurston (Archbishop Theophilus) and Sun at 3 p.m.

12. Harvard University Press: Hypatia Of Alexandria By Maria Dzielska hypatia of alexandria by Maria Dzielska, published by Harvard University Press. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/DZIHYP.html

Home Ordering Search/Browse Contact ... HUP Hypatia of Alexandria Maria Dzielska Translator F. Lyra A Choice Magazine Outstanding Academic Book of 1995, Philosophy Category Hypatiabrilliant mathematician, eloquent Neoplatonist, and a woman renowned for her beautywas brutally murdered by a mob of Christians in Alexandria in 415. She has been a legend ever since. In this engrossing book, Maria Dzielska searches behind the legend to bring us the real story of Hypatia's life and death, and new insight into her colorful world. Historians and poets, Victorian novelists and contemporary feminists have seen Hypatia as a symbolof the waning of classical culture and freedom of inquiry, of the rise of fanatical Christianity, or of sexual freedom. Dzielska shows us why versions of Hypatia's legend have served her champions' purposes, and how they have distorted the true story. She takes us back to the Alexandria of Hypatia's day, with its Library and Museion, pagan cults and the pontificate of Saint Cyril, thriving Jewish community and vibrant Greek culture, and circles of philosophers, mathematicians, astronomers, and militant Christians. Drawing on the letters of Hypatia's most prominent pupil, Synesius of Cyrene, Dzielska constructs a compelling picture of the young philosopher's disciples and her teaching. Finally she plumbs her sources for the facts surrounding Hypatia's cruel death, clarifying what the murder tells us about the tensions of this tumultuous era. Maria Dzielska is an internationally recognized authority on the cultural life of the Roman Empire. She lives in Krakow and is Professor of Ancient Roman History at

13. JSTOR Hypatia Of Alexandria Humanism History of Mathematics Edited by G. WALDO DUNNINGTON hypatia of alexandria By A. W. RICHESON University of Maryland The first woman mathematician http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1539-5588(194011)15:2<74:HOA>2.0.CO;2-I

14. Hypatia Based on hypatia of alexandria, by Maria Dzielska, Harvard University Press, Hypatia was a resident of Alexandria, from a prominent Greek family and http://pages.prodigy.net/fljustice/hypatia.html

Hypatia The Lady Philosopher of Alexandria b. 355(?) AD - d. 415 AD The Legend A More Likely Truth In Conclusion Research Bibliography ... Related Links Picture from The Mysterious Fayum Portraits: Faces from Ancient Egypt. Read a review of this spectacular book in the research bibliography. The Legend I first came across Hypatia's story in 1980 when I attended Judy Chicago's groundbreaking feminist art exhibit "The Dinner Party." Chicago and her team selected thirty-nine subjects for an elaborate dinner party, where each "guest" (including several goddesses) was honored for her contributions to womankind with a specially designed plate and table runner. In the accompanying book, Hypatia is described as "a Roman scholar and philosopher who lived in Alexandria...she stressed the importance of goddesses and the feminine aspects of culture." The article details the pagan philosopher's death at the hands of a Christian mob. I was hooked - caught up in the romanticism and inherent drama of Hypatia's life. What I didn't realize was that many of the "facts" in this story were wrong. I embarked on a journey to learn as much as I could about this fascinating woman and found a bewildering array of fact and fiction. The primary historical record is sketchy. No letters from or writing by Hypatia exist. Socrates Scholasticus' 5th Century eccleciastical history gives an account of her death. Most of what we know comes from a the surviving letters of one of her former students, Synesius of Cyrene and later Bishop of Ptolmais.

15. Malaspina Great Books - Hypatia Of Alexandria (355-415) hypatia of alexandria (b? 370 d. 415) was a neoPlatonic philosppher mathematician, and teacher who lived in Alexandria, then a Greek settlement. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~MCNEIL/hypatia.htm

Hypatia of Alexandria (355-415) Please wait for Page to Load or Enter Here

16. BBC - H2g2 - Hypatia Of Alexandria Hypatia was a Greek scientist, philosopher, and mathematician who taught at the Mouseion in Alexandria. She was born in 370 AD, and was the daughter of http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A481006

@import '/h2g2/skins/brunel/brunel.css'; @import '/includes/tbenh.css'; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index 26th January 2008 Accessibility help Text only Guide ID: A481006 (Edited) Edited Guide Entry SEARCH h2g2 Advanced Search New visitors: Returning members: BBC Homepage The Guide to Life The Universe and Everything 2. The Universe The Earth Africa ... Mathematics Created: 5th December 2000 Hypatia of Alexandria Front Page What is h2g2? Who's Online Write an Entry ... Contact Us Like this page? Send it to a friend! Hypatia was a Greek scientist, philosopher, and mathematician who taught at the Mouseion in Alexandria. She was born in 370 AD, and was the daughter of Theon, the last curator of the Mouseion at Alexandria. Her father gave her a classical education; she studied the works of Plato and Diophantine equations. Hypatia was reputedly a beauty and had many suitors, although according to the most reliable sources she never married. The Mouseion where Hypatia taught was a library originally built to rival the library system of Athens . The institution grew, however, and became more of a university than a library. Archimedes invented the 'Archimedes Screw'

17. AWM Book Review: Hypatia Of Alexandria Taken together with Maria Dzielska s new biographical treatment, hypatia of alexandria, published this fall by Harvard University Press, it is possible to http://www.awm-math.org/bookreviews/MayJun96.html

Return to AWM Bibliography AWM Newsletter AWM Book Review Hypatia of Alexandria Maria Dzielska, translated by F. Lyra. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1995. viii+157pp. ISBN 0-674-43775-6 (cloth). $29.95. From: AWM Newsletter, May/June 1996. Reviewed by: Marge Murray, Book Review Editor, Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123; email: murray@calvin.math.vt.edu In March of 1994, the American Mathematical Monthly published an excellent article by Michael Deakin ([1]) dealing with the life and legend, but most importantly with the mathematics, of Hypatia of Alexandria, the first woman mathematician for whom we have documentary evidence. Taken together with Maria Dzielska's new biographical treatment, Hypatia of Alexandria , published this fall by Harvard University Press, it is possible to construct a fairly complete picture of Hypatia: her life and times; her work as a teacher, mathematician, philosopher, and religious and political figure; and the circumstances of her violent death. While Hypatia's murder was the misogynist act of a Christian mob, Dzielska's book makes it clear that it is misleading to portray Hypatia's death as the violent defeat of the female and non-Christian by the male and Christian. Christian men were at least as numerous among the supporters and admirers of Hypatia as among her opponents. It is probably more instructive to draw parallels to life in modern Belfast, Beirut, or even Sarajevo (as Deakin is inclined to do in [1], page 236), than to portray her death as the result of a sharply delineated ideological or religious conflict.

18. Hypatia Of Alexandria hypatia of alexandria was a mathematician, astronomer, and Platonic philosopher. Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not http://space.about.com/od/astronomerbiographies/a/hypatiabio.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test5" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Space / Astronomy var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Space / Astronomy Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Search Space / Astronomy Pictures Basics Email ... on the Space / Astronomy Forum Hypatia of Alexandria h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML); By Nick Greene , About.com See More About: hypatia female astronomers Hypatia of Alexandria Public Domain More Images Hypatia of Alexandria was a mathematician, astronomer, and Platonic philosopher. "Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all," she is credited with saying. "To teach superstitions as truth is a most terrible thing." The daughter of Theon, last head of the Museum at Alexandria, Hypatia was born around 370AD in Alexandria, Egypt, then under the control of Greece. She studied mathematics under the guidance and instruction of her father. She became head of the Platonist school at Alexandria in about 400 AD, where she lectured on mathematics and philosophy.

19. Prometheus Books hypatia of alexandria In the late fourth and early fifth centuries of our era, hypatia of alexandria was the world’s greatest living mathematician and http://www.prometheusbooks.com/catalog/book_1905.html

Hypatia of Alexandria Science - Math To order this book, please select one: Use Paypal and get free freight. Mathematician and Martyr Michael A. B. Deakin In the late fourth and early fifth centuries of our era, Hypatia of Alexandria was the world’s greatest living mathematician and astronomer. A strikingly beautiful woman and a devoted celibate, she lived in a city as turbulent and troubled as Baghdad or Beirut is today. She achieved fame not only in her special field, but also as a philosopher, religious thinker, and teacher who attracted a large popular following. Her life ended tragically in violence at the hands of a rampaging mob of Christian fanatics, who killed her for her “pagan” beliefs, some say at the instigation of St. Cyril of Alexandria. This is the first biography of Hypatia to integrate all aspects of her life. Mathematician Michael Deakin emphasizes that, though she was a philosopher, she was first and foremost a mathematician and astronomer of great accomplishment. In a fascinating narrative that brings to life a richly diverse ancient society, he describes her work so that the mathematics, presented in straightforward terms, finds its true place in the context of her life as a whole. Deakin supplies full detail on the historical, intellectual, and religious context of Hypatia’s times. He also analyzes the pattern of her life and thought, and finally gives an account of the events leading up to her lynch-mob execution. Although this outrageous crime has made Hypatia a powerful symbol of intellectual freedom and feminist aspiration to this day, Deakin makes clear that the important intellectual contributions of her life’s work should not be overshadowed by her tragic death.

20. Multicultural Resource Center: Hypatia hypatia of alexandria is the earliest woman scientist whose life is well documented; she was also the last scientist of the Golden Age of Pericles, http://www.inventions.org/culture/female/hypatia.html

Home Multi-cultural Center Female Inventors Female Inventors Hypatia of Alexandria A martyr to feminine intellect. Born in Alexendria in A.D. 370, Hypatia came into a rarefied intellectual world. Her father, Theon, was a mathematician and astronomer at the Museum at Alexandria, and Hypatia was his prize pupil. She studied in Athens and Italy, and she became a lecturer and writer in the fields of mathematics, philosophy, astronomy and mechanics. Her classes were attended by students from throughout the known world, and her treatise on algebra, Arithmetica, was a thirteen-volume definitive study. Practical technology was Hypatia's main interest, which led to her invention of the pane astrolabe, used to measure the positions of the sun and stars and to calculate the ascendant sign of the zodiac. It consisted of a pair of rotating discs made of open-work metal, rotating one on top of the other around a removable peg. Hypatia perfected the device to the point where it could accurately solve problems in spherical astronomy. Hypatia never married, although she was courted by and kept company with many of Alexandria's movers and shakers. Unhappily, these connections did not save her from the fanatical Christian sects whose influence was becoming increasingly felt. During her lifetime, intellectualism gave way to findamentalism, and to religious dogma. In A.D. 389 the Serapeum Library was sacked and burned by order of Theophilos, bishop of Alexandria. All neo-Platonists were persecuted, and Hypatia became a controversial figure because of her fame and influence.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 1     1-20 of 76    1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | Next 20