1. Confucius - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Encyclopedia article about the famous Chinese thinker and social philosopher. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucius

Confucius From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Chinese philosophy Ancient philosophy Name Kong Qiu Birth September 28 , 551 BCE Death 479 BCE School/tradition Founder of Confucianism Main interests Moral philosophy Social philosophy Ethics Notable ideas Confucianism Influenced by Zhou Era Chinese Thought Influenced Many Eastern philosophers This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support , you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters Confucius Chinese pinyin Kǒng Fūzǐ Wade-Giles : K'ung-fu-tzu), lit. " Master Kung, 551 BCE – 479 BCE) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher , whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese Korean Japanese , and Vietnamese thought and life. His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality , correctness of social relationships justice and sincerity . These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the

2. Confucius (Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy) confucius (551479 BCE), according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/confucius/

Cite this entry Search the SEP Advanced Search Tools ... Please Read How You Can Help Keep the Encyclopedia Free Confucius First published Wed Jul 3, 2002; substantive revision Tue Sep 5, 2006 Confucius (551-479 BCE), according to Chinese tradition, was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. His teachings, preserved in the Lunyu or Analects , form the foundation of much of subsequent Chinese speculation on the education and comportment of the ideal man, how such an individual should live his live and interact with others, and the forms of society and government in which he should participate. Fung Yu-lan, one of the great 20 th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius' influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. 1. Confucius' Life 2. Confucius' Social Philosophy 3. Confucius' Political Philosophy 4. Confucius and Education ... Related Entries 1. Confucius' Life The sources for Confucius' life are later and do not carefully separate fiction and fact. Thus it is wise to regard much of what is known of him as legendary. Many of the legends surrounding Confucius at the end of the 2 nd century BCE were included by the Han dynasty court historian, Sima Qian (145-c.85 BCE), in his well-known and often-quoted

3. Confucius, K'ung-fu-tzu An analysis of the moral philosophy of K ungfu-tzu or Kongfuzi. http://www.friesian.com/confuci.htm

Confucius K'ung-fu-tzu or Kongfuzi Confucius (551-479 BC Wade-Giles K'ung-fu-tzu or Pinyin Kongfuzi ), or Master K'ung , whose life defines the end of the Spring and Autumn Period in Chinese history, becomes long after his death the dominant Chinese philosopher both morally and politically. In the Warring States Period Mencius Meng Tzu ) (c.390-305 BC) extended and systematized Confucius's ideas; but with Confucius's adoption in the as the official moral and political doctrine of the State, the Confucian tradition became so broad that "Scholar" or "Literatus" became all but synonymous with "Confucian," and so Confucianism could simply be called the Ju Chia ], or School of the Literati one of the Six Schools of Chinese philosophy. As one of the "Three Ways," or (the three "doctrines" or religions), together with Taoism [ ] and Buddhism [ ], Confucianism [ The following table gives the basic moral terminology of Confucius, with the Chinese characters. This goes a long way to explaining the nature of Confucius's moral doctrine, since each term embodies the values or disvalues considered morally important. The table is divided into categories that are familiar from the structure of ethics in Western philosophy. Indeed, while many people may think of Indian or Chinese philosophy as intuitionistic or mystical, which is rather like what we do find in

4. Confucious confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., http://www.crystalinks.com/confucius.html

Confucious One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human's behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. In other words, it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine education. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters.

5. Confucius Publishing Home Page An introduction to confucius, his philosophy and the tradition of Confucianism in China and East Asia, both for beginners and experts. http://www.confucius.org/

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6. Confucius Quotes - The Quotations Page confucius, The Confucian Analects; Fine words and an insinuating appearance confucius, The Confucian Analects; Have no friends not equal to yourself. http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Confucius/

Quotation Search by keyword or author: Home Weblog Quotes of the Day Motivational ... Read books online at our other site: The Literature Page Quotations by Author Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) [more author details] Showing quotations 1 to 30 of 63 total We have 2 book reviews related to Confucius. Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes. Confucius - More quotations on: [ Mistakes Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves. Confucius Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it. Confucius Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses. Confucius - More quotations on: [ Kindness He who will not economize will have to agonize. Confucius I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. Confucius Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star. Confucius - More quotations on: [ Ignorance It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop. Confucius Men's natures are alike, it is their habits that carry them far apart. Confucius Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in getting up every time we do. Confucius Respect yourself and others will respect you.

7. Confucius The second chapter in the learning module, Chinese Philosophy. This chapter discusses the life and thought of confucius and systematizes that thought along http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CHPHIL/CONF.HTM

Confucius Analects . The Confucian method characterizes just about all Chinese learning down to the present day; its fundamental tenet is the unwavering belief in the perfectibility of human beings through learning. Chinese Glossary Jen Confucius had one overwhelming message: if we are to achieve a state of orderliness and peace, we need to return to traditional values of virtue. These values are based entirely on one concept: jen which is best translated as "humaneness," but can also mean "humanity," "benevolence," "goodness," or "virtue." This humaneness is a relatively strange concept to Western eyes, because it is not primarily a practicable virtue. Rather, the job of the "gentleman," , was to concentrate on the highest concepts of behavior even when this is impractical or foolish. Like his contemporaries, Confucius believed that the human order in some way reflected the divine order, or the patterns of heaven. More than anything, according to Confucius, the ancients understood the order and hierarchy of heaven and earth; as a result, Confucius established the Chinese past as an infallible model for the present. What is incumbent on individual people is to determine the right pattern to live and govern by; this can be achieved by studying the sage-kings and their mode of life and government and by following rituals scrupulously, for the pattern of heaven is most explicitly inscribed on the various rituals

8. Confucius [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Better known in China as Master Kong (Chinese Kongzi), confucius was a fifthcentury BCE Chinese thinker whose influence upon East Asian intellectual and http://www.iep.utm.edu/c/confuciu.htm

Confucius (c. 551-479 BCE) Better known in China as "Master Kong" (Chinese: Kongzi ), Confucius was a fifth-century BCE Chinese thinker whose influence upon East Asian intellectual and social history is immeasurable. As a culturally symbolic figure, he has been alternately idealized, deified, dismissed, vilified, and rehabilitated over the millennia by both Asian and non-Asian thinkers and regimes. Given his extraordinary impact on Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought, it is ironic that so little can be known about Confucius. The tradition that bears his name - " Confucianism " (Chinese: Rujia ) - ultimately traces itself to the sayings and biographical fragments recorded in the text known as the Analects (Chinese: Lunyu ). As with the person of Confucius himself, scholars disagree about the origins and character of the Analects, but it remains the traditional source for information about Confucius' life and teaching. Most scholars remain confident that it is possible to extract from the Analects several philosophical themes and views that may be safely attributed to this ancient Chinese sage. These are primarily ethical, rather than analytical-logical or metaphysical in nature, and include Confucius' claim that Tian ("Heaven") is aligned with moral order but dependent upon human agents to actualize its will; his concern for

9. Confucius Quotes 83 quotes and quotations by confucius. confucius An oppressive government is more to be feared than a tiger. confucius And remember, no matter where you http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/c/confucius.html

10. Confucius Confucian etexts with every character linked to English definition and etymology. http://zhongwen.com/rujia.htm

Confucian Classics Welcome. This site contains Confucian texts with each character hyperlinked to its definition and etymology. No Chinese software is necessary - characters are displayed as images. Links to English translations are included. The Analects Doctrine of the Mean The Great Learning Classic of Filial Piety For suggestions about improving this site please contact me at riharbau @ indiana.edu. If you like the site please consider adding a link to it.

11. Electronic Passport To Confucius confucius was a wise teacher who wanted to bring good government to China. Learn about confucius in the Electronic Passport at www.mrdowling.com. http://www.mrdowling.com/613-confucius.html

HOME TIME AND SPACE PREHISTORY MESOPOTAMIA ... The Boxer Rebellion Confucius Confucius was a sage, or a very wise man. He was not well known when he was alive, but today he is the most remembered person from ancient China. Confucius was born in BC , in a period of Chinese history known as the Age of Warring States. China was divided into many small kingdoms. The kings fought each other and were often cruel to the people they ruled. Confucius understood that there could be peace and justice under a good government. But he knew that good government was only possible when there were good leaders. Confucius was concerned with how people treat one another. Confucius said, "What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others." He stressed that any person, rich or poor, could become superior. The Chinese word jen refers to the kindness and love each person should have for all others and for nature. Confucius taught that the person who develops

12. Confucius - Wikiquote confucius Chinese , transliterated Kong Fu Zi or K ungfu-tzu, literally Master Kong (traditionally 28 September 551 B.C. – 479 B.C.) Chinese http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Confucius

Confucius From Wikiquote Jump to: navigation search The superior man is quiet and calm, waiting for the appointments of Heaven... Confucius [Chinese: 孔夫子, transliterated Kong Fu Zi or K'ung-fu-tzu , literally "Master Kong"] (traditionally 28 September 551 B.C. – 479 B.C.) Chinese social philosopher, whose teachings deeply influenced East Asian life and thought. Contents Sourced Four Books The Analects Chapter II ... edit Sourced edit Four Books edit The Analects ===== Chapter I =====hi 学而（學而）篇 Translation: Isn't it a pleasure to study and practice what you have learned? Isn't it also great when friends visit from distant places? If people do not recognize me and it doesn't bother me, am I not a Superior Man? The opening of the Analects and thus the first phrase of Chapter I after which the Chinese title of this book is named 學而. Translation: Fine words and an insinuating appearance are seldom associated with true virtue. Variant translation: Someone who is a clever speaker and maintains a 'too-smiley' face is seldom considered a humane person. I am not bothered by the fact that I am unknown. I am bothered when I do not know others.

13. Island Of Freedom - Confucius Corner confucius rejected both options and turned to tradition. China s golden age, the Age of the Grand Harmony, was his model. If mores could cultivated again, http://www.island-of-freedom.com/CONFUCIUS.HTM

Island of Freedom The scholars of antiquity learnt for themselves; the scholars of today learn for others . Confucius Home Theologians Philosophers Poets ... Siddhartha Confucius Kong Qiu, The Master 551-472 B.C. PLACES: Confucian Classics - The Analects The Doctrine of the Mean The Great Learning ... Confucius He found himself surrounded by continuous warfare. The Chou Dynasty was in collapse and rival baronies vied for power. He heard of mass executions of 60,000, 80,000, and even 400,000 people, some being thrown into boiling cauldrons. Soldiers in chariots with ever-increasingly destructive weapons, bored with meaninglessness and the loss of any social cohesion, drank together and raided villages. Tradition and customs were scorned by a population of self-conscious individuals who were replacing social conventions with self-interest. Their parents' and grandparents' opinions and past actions were "obsolete." Passions and factionalism poisoned any possibility of a rational order. There are three options in such a situation. One is Hobbesian ; life is nasty, brutish, and short, so there must be laws with teeth. The state must take over with a strong militia behind it, with innumerable laws and tight control over people's lives. Another option is sentimental utopianism. Mo Tzu, a proponent of what is known as Mohism, proposed

14. Confucius --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on confucius China s most famous teacher, philosopher, and political theorist, whose ideas have influenced the http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109630

var britAdCategory = "other"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Additional Reading Print this Table of Contents Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. Confucius Page 1 of 1 born 551, Qufu, state of Lu [now in Shandong province, China] died 479 BC , Lu Confucius, gouache on paper, c. The Granger Collection, New York Pinyin romanization Kongfuzi , or Kongzi , Wade-Giles K'ung-fu-tzu , or K'ung-tzu , original name Kongqiu , literary name Zhongni China's most famous teacher, philosopher, and political theorist, whose ideas have influenced the civilization of East Asia. Confucius... (75 of 1072 words) To read the full article, activate your FREE Trial Commonly Asked Questions About Confucius Close Enable free complete viewings of Britannica premium articles when linked from your website or blog-post.

15. The Internet Classics Archive | Works By Confucius List of works by confucius, part of the Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/browse-Confucius.html

Home Search Buy Books and CD-ROMs ... Help Works by Confucius The Analects Written ca. 500 B.C.E Read discussion : 7 comments The Doctrine of the Mean Written ca. 500 B.C.E Read discussion : No comments The Great Learning Written ca. 500 B.C.E Read discussion : 5 comments

16. The Sayings Of Confucius. 1909–14. Vol. 44, Part 1. The Harvard Classics The Sayings of confucius. 1909–14. Vol. 44, Part 1. The Harvard Classics. http://www.bartleby.com/44/1/

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17. Confucius The Confucian tradition has a long historical legacy in East Asia extending Tang Yijie was engaged as honorary consultant of China confucius website http://www.chinakongzi.com/2550/eng/

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18. Quoteland :: Quotations By Author Books by and about confucius Engrave a Quote Click this icon to engrave the quote on mugs, bookmarks, Click here for more information about confucius http://www.quoteland.com/author.asp?AUTHOR_ID=195

19. Chinese Philosophy - Confucianism (www.chinaknowledge.de) But he is also said to have revised the socalled Confucian Classics, the Shu , Already as a small official, confucius was famous for his expertise in http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Classics/confucius.html

CHINAKNOWLEDGE - a universal guide for China studies About Guestbook Encoding: Unicode (UTF-8) [Location: HOME > Confucianism] Confucius and Confucianism ( Rujiao The Person Confucius (romanized from Chinese Kongzi 孔子 "Master Kong") is said to be born in 551 BC as the scion of an impoverished noble family in the state of Lu 魯 during the Spring and Autumn period . His personal name was Zhongni 仲尼 or Kong Qiu 孔丘, named after a hill in the region (some historians say his shape of is head resembled this hill). He acted as granary overseer and later as minister in his home state of Lu. The decline of moral of his times (rulers enjoying beautiful dancers instead of devoting to government) urged him to leave Lu and to wander around for 13 years from state to state, trying to persue the rulers to follow his proposals for morally correct politics. Disappointed by the unsuccessful admonishings, he returned to Lu and is said to have died in 479 BC, being buried in Qufu 曲阜/Shandong where his descendants still live today. His teachings are conserved in the so-called "Analects"

20. Images Of The Temple Of Culture Article by Thomas A. Wilson, detailing the historical process by which confucius and his followers came to be venerated across China. http://www.hamilton.edu/academics/Asian/TempleCulture.html

The Cult of Confucius Images of the Temple of Culture Thomas A. Wilson History and Asian Studies Hamilton College Version of this web page with Chinese characters Confucianism " is a tradition that traces its beginnings to an educated elite called shi of late antiquity that advised royal and regional feudal authorities during the Zhou dynasty (1134-250 B.C.) on governing, which emphasized the importance of virtuous rule through benevolence and proper conduct called ritual ( li ). The most prominent figure of this educated elite was a man named Kong Qiu (551 to 479 B.C.), usually referred to as Master Kong (Kong-fu zi or Kongzi). In the West, Kongzi is called Confucius, a name given him by Jesuit missionaries in the sixteenth century. Kongzi was born in the Watch Tower (Queli) district of Qufu, then the capital of the state of Lu of the Zhou kingdom. Kongzi was the son of Shuliang He, who, according to some sources, was a descendant of a prestigious lessor branch of a ducal lineage of the neighboring state of Song. Kongzi was raised by his mother, Yan Zhengzai after his father died before he was three. Confucian canon " became a critical part of the establishment of Confucianism as orthodoxy in the Song (960-1279), with the emergence of the civil service examination system as the most important means of appointment to positions in the bureaucracy.

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