1. Marcus Aurelius - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Illustrated biography of the emperor in this online encyclopedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Marcus Aurelius Emperor of the Roman Empire Bust of Marcus Aurelius Reign March 8 (with Lucius Verus (alone); 17 March (with Commodus (Caesar) Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus Born 26 April Rome Died 17 March Vindobona or Sirmium Buried Hadrian's Mausoleum Predecessor Antoninus Pius Successor Commodus (alone) Consort to Faustina the Younger Dynasty Antonine Father Annius Verus Mother Domitia Lucilla Children 13, incl. Commodus , Marcus Annius Verus, Antoninus and Lucilla Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus Rome April 26 Vindobona or Sirmium March 17 ) was Roman Emperor from to his death in . He was the last of the " Five Good Emperors ", and is also considered one of the most important stoic philosophers His tenure was marked by wars in Asia against a revitalized Parthian Empire , and with Germanic tribes along the Limes Germanicus into Gaul and across the Danube . A revolt in the East, led by Avidius Cassius , failed. Marcus Aurelius' work Meditations , written on campaign between 170–180, is still revered as a literary monument to a government of service and duty and has been praised for its "exquisite accent and its infinite tenderness." Contents Early life Family Heir to the Empire Emperor ... edit Early life edit Family He was originally named Marcus Annius Catilius Salvius , when he married he took the name Marcus Antinius Venus . When he was named Emperor, he was given the name

2. Marcus Aurelius --  Britannica Online Encyclopedia Britannica online encyclopedia article on Marcus Aurelius Roman emperor (AD 161180), best known for his Meditations on Stoic philosophy. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9050818/Marcus-Aurelius

var britAdCategory = "history"; Already a member? LOGIN Encyclopædia Britannica - the Online Encyclopedia Home Blog Advocacy Board ... Free Trial Britannica Online Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Youth and apprenticeship Roman emperor The Meditations Assessment Additional Reading Ancient sources. Modern biographies. Chronological problems. Print this Table of Contents Linked Articles Hadrian Antoninus Pius Fronto Epictetus ... Annia Galeria Faustina Shopping New! Britannica Book of the Year The Ultimate Review of 2007. 2007 Britannica Encyclopedia Set (32-Volume Set) Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. New! Britannica 2008 Ultimate DVD/CD-ROM The world's premier software reference source. Marcus Aurelius Page 1 of 7 born April 26, AD 121, Rome died March 17, 180, Vindobona [Vienna], or Sirmium, Pannonia in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus , original name (until AD Marcus Annius Verus Roman emperor ( AD Meditations on Stoic philosophy. Marcus Aurelius has symbolized for many generations in the West the Golden Age of the Roman Empire. Marcus Aurelius...

3. Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in C.E. 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. His parents died when he was young and young http://www.murphsplace.com/gladiator/marcus.html

Gladiators Roman Life Marcus Aurelius Commodus ... Londinium - NEW The Legionary Main Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in C.E. 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. His parents died when he was young and young Marcus was adopted by his grandfather. His grandfather saw to it that Marcus Aurelius got an excellent education. At the age of seventeen, Marcus Annius was adopted by his uncle, the new emperor, Aurelius Antoninus Pius, who had been adopted by the emperor Hadrian on the condition that he [Pius] adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. Marcus and Aurelius Antoninus' daughter Faustina were married and would go on to have five children. However, only the tyrannical Commodus, who would succeed Marcus Aurelius survived past childhood. In C.E. 161, Antoninus died and Marcus Aurelius became Emperor. He made Lucius Verus joint emperor and for the first time two emperors ruled Rome concurrently. Their rule was affected by the wars and plagues that affected the Empire. From 162 to 165, they fought the Pathians under Vologeses III and it was while returning from this engagement that the legions brought a plague back to Rome. From 167-168, Rome was at war with the Marcomanni and upon Verus' death in 169, which left Aurelius sole ruler, the hostilities resumed. It was while fighting this war that he, stationed on the Danube with his troops and living a meloncholy existence, wrote his famous book The Meditations.This book embodies the ideals of the Stoic philosophy.

4. Internet Archive Search: Creator:Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius wrote Meditations in Greek while on campaign between 170 and 180, as a source for his own guidance and selfimprovement. http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=creator:Marcus Aurelius

5. Roman Coins Of Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius was recognized by the emperor Hadrian as a fine and capable youth and was betrothed to the daughter of Aelius. The emperor Antoninus Pius http://www.forumancientcoins.com/catalog/roman-and-greek-coins.asp?vpar=417

6. Marcus Aurelius Quotes And Biography. Marcus Aurelius Quotations. Read Marcus Aurelius quotes, biography or a speech. QuoteDB offers a large collection of Marcus Aurelius quotations, ratings and a picture. http://www.quotedb.com/authors/marcus-aurelius

document.write(currentdate); Quote DB Authors Categories Speeches ... Add Quotes to Your Site - Quote Generator add quote of the day random quotes or by topic (e.g. funny quotes Quote DB Authors :: Marcus Aurelius Rate this Author 1 (worst) 5 (avg) 10 (best) Quote Rating Average (95%) Author Rating (48%) Groups: Marcus Aurelius Quotes: (ranking: 621st) Search Marcus Aurelius's quotes Sponsored Links Quote Category Rating "The wise man learns more from the fool than the fool learns from the wise man." ... Miscellaneous Browse quotes by topic Miscellaneous Marriage Wisdom Change ... Privacy

7. Marcus Aurelius - Wikiquote When named Emperor, he was given the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and afterwards became known as the last of the Five Good Emperors. http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius From Wikiquote Jump to: navigation search The universe is change; our life is what our thoughts make it. Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus 26 April 17 March ) was a Stoic philosopher , and Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180; born Marcus Annius Catilius Severus , at marriage he took the name Marcus Annius Verus . When named Emperor, he was given the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and afterwards became known as the last of the " Five Good Emperors Contents Sourced The Meditations Unsourced External links ... edit Sourced edit The Meditations Writings of Aurelius as reminders to himself of ideas to bear in mind. There are many different translations of these, often with different nuances of interpretation (and sometimes different arrangements). Say to yourself in the early morning: I shall meet today inquisitive, ungrateful, violent, treacherous, envious, uncharitable men. All these things have come upon them through ignorance of real good and ill. II, 1 You will find rest from vain fancies if you perform every act in life as though it were your last. II, 5

8. Marcus Aurelius: Emperor Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in CE 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. http://www.lycos.com/info/marcus-aurelius--emperor-marcus-aurelius.html

var topic_urlstring = 'marcus-aurelius'; var topic = 'Marcus Aurelius'; var subtopic_urlstring= 'emperor-marcus-aurelius'; LYCOS RETRIEVER Retriever Home What is Lycos Retriever? Marcus Aurelius: Emperor Marcus Aurelius built 133 days ago Retriever Society Philosophy Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born Marcus Annius Verus in C.E. 121 on the 26th April while Hadrian was emperor. His parents died when he was young and young Marcus was adopted by his grandfather. His grandfather saw to it that Marcus Aurelius got an excellent education. Source: murphsplace.com Despite these thoughts on life and death, Marcus Aurelius was an advocate of rational virtue. According to Jonathan Dollimore, Marcus Aurelius had a kind of indifference towards the brutalities in life. As an emperor, he persecuted Christians and went frequently on military campaigns. He justified his deeds by pointing at the insignificance of worldly affairs.[7] Source: en.wikipedia.org From the reign of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius comes a series of panels which well illustrate many of the the conventions of Roman Imperial iconography. The panels probably commemorate the Emperor's victories over the Sarmatian and German tribes and the triumph of 176 AD. Of the eleven extant panels, eight were later incorporated into the attic of the Arch of Constantine at the beginning of the fourth century, while the remaining three are now embedded in the walls of the Museo del Palazzo dei Conservatori. The heads of the Emperor in the panels incorporated into the Arch of Constantine were recarved to present the likeness of Constantine. These were later changed in the eighteenth century to the likeness of Trajan, while the Conservatori panels still bear the likeness of Marcus Aurelius. There is no certainty about the original use of these panels.

9. The Interpolated Meditations Of Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus reference to christian obstinacy (circa 167 CE) is located at Meditations, 113. Here is George Long s English translation http://www.mountainman.com.au/essenes/author_Marcus_Aurelius.htm

An alternative theory of the history of antiquity The Interpolated Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Web Publication by Mountain Man Graphics, Australia Editorial Comments In other papers related to the thesis that Constantine invented christianity in the fourth century, and implemented it in the Roman Empire with effect from his military supremacist council of Nicaea, we have emphasised that the field of this thesis is ancient history. An alternative theory of the history of antiquity is being explored in which the christian "Biblical History" was inserted into the political history of the Roman Empire no earlier than the rise of Constantine. The Interpolated Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus' reference to "christian obstinacy" (circa 167 CE) is located at Meditations, 11:3. Here is George Long's English translation: "What a soul that is which is ready, if at any moment it must be separated from the body, and ready either to be extinguished or dispersed or continue to exist; but so that this readiness comes from a man's own judgement, not from mere obstinacy, as with the Christians , but considerately and with dignity and in a way to persuade another, without tragic show."

10. Marcus Aurelius During the reign of marcus aurelius the celebrated Pax Romana collapsed perhaps this made the emperor the most forbearing of all Stoics. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/aurelius.htm

Choose another writer in this calendar: by name: A B C D ... Z by birthday from the calendar Credits and feedback TimeSearch for Books and Writers by Bamber Gascoigne Marcus Aurelius (121-180 AD) - full name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Roman Emperor and Stoic, the author of Meditations in twelve books. Its first printing appeared in English in 1634. During the reign of Marcus Aurelius the celebrated Pax Romana collapsed - perhaps this made the emperor the most forbearing of all Stoics. An important feature of the philosophy was that everything will recur: the whole universe becomes fire and then repeats itself. Constantly regard the universe as one living being, having one substance and one soul; and observe how all things have reference to one perception, the perception of this one living being; and how all things act with one movement; and how all things are the cooperating causes of all things which exist; observe too the continuous spinning of the thread and the contexture of the web. (from The Meditations Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was born in Rome. He came from an aristocratic family long established in Spain. His father was Annius Verus. When only a small child, he caught the attention of the Emperor Hadrian (r. 117-138)

11. Roman Emperors - DIR Marcus Aurelius The famous equestrian statue of marcus aurelius, which survived the centuries near San Giovanni in Laterano because the rider was identified as Constantine, http://www.roman-emperors.org/marcaur.htm

Virtual Catalog of Roman Coins An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors DIR Atlas Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 161-180) Herbert W. Benario Emory University Introduction and Sources The Vita of the emperor in the collection known as the Historia Augusta identifies him in its heading as Marcus Antoninus Philosophus , "Marcus Antoninus the Philosopher." Toward the end of the work, the following is reported about him, sententia Platonis semper in ore illius fuit, florere civitates si aut philosophi imperarent aut imperantes philosopharentur (27.7), "Plato's judgment was always on his lips, that states flourished if philosophers ruled or rulers were philosophers." It is this quality of Marcus' character which has made him a unique figure in Roman history, since he was the first emperor whose life was molded by, and devoted to, philosophy (Julian was the second and last). His reign was long and troubled, and in some ways showed the weaknesses of empire which ultimately led to the "Decline and Fall," yet his personal reputation, indeed his sanctity, have never failed of admirers. Contributing to his fame and reputation is a slender volume of Stoic philosophy which served as a kind of diary while he was involved in military campaigns, the Meditations , a book which can be described as an aureus libellus , a little golden book.

12. The Internet Classics Archive | The Meditations By Marcus Aurelius Full text of the twelve books, from the MIT Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help The Meditations By Marcus Aurelius Written 167 A.C.E. Translated by George Long The Meditations has been divided into the following sections: Book One Book Two Book Three Book Four ... Book Twelve Commentary: Quite a few comments have been posted about The Meditations Read them or add your own Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site Download: A 238k text-only version is available for download

13. Marcus Aurelius Quotes 84 quotes and quotations by marcus aurelius. marcus aurelius A man s worth is no greater than his ambitions. marcus aurelius http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/marcus_aurelius.html

Add the "Quote of the Day" to Your Site or Blog - it's EASY! Home Quote Topics Quote Keywords ... Author Nationalities Authors: A B C D ... Z Web brainyquote.com Marcus Aurelius Quotes Type: Soldier Quotes Category: Roman Soldier Quotes Date of Birth: April 26 Date of Death: March 17 Nationality: Roman Find on Amazon: Marcus Aurelius Related Authors: Robert Morgan William Tecumseh Sherman Douglas MacArthur Moshe Dayan ... Robert E. Lee A man should be upright, not be kept upright. Marcus Aurelius A man's worth is no greater than his ambitions. Marcus Aurelius A noble man compares and estimates himself by an idea which is higher than himself; and a mean man, by one lower than himself. The one produces aspiration; the other ambition, which is the way in which a vulgar man aspires. Marcus Aurelius Accept the things to which fate binds you, and love the people with whom fate brings you together, but do so with all your heart. Marcus Aurelius Adapt yourself to the things among which your lot has been cast and love sincerely the fellow creatures with whom destiny has ordained that you shall live. Marcus Aurelius And thou wilt give thyself relief, if thou doest every act of thy life as if it were the last.

14. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus marcus aurelius was one of the best men of heathen antiquity. Apropos of the Antonines the judicious Montesquieu says that, if we set aside for a moment the http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02109a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... A > Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Roman Emperor, A.D. 161-180, born at Rome , 26 April, 121; died 17 March, 180. HIS EARLY LIFE (121-161) His father died while Marcus was yet a boy, and he was adopted by his grandfather, Annius Verus. In the first pages of his "Meditations" (I, i-xvii) he has left us an account, unique in antiquity, of his education by near relatives and by tutors of distinction; diligence, gratitude and hardiness seem to have been its chief characteristics. From his earliest years he enjoyed the friendship and patronage on the Emperor Hadrian , who bestowed on him the honour of the equestrian order when he was only six years old, made him a member of the Salian priesthood at eight, and compelled Antoninus Pius immediately after his own adoption to adopt as sons and heirs both the young Marcus and Ceionius Commodus known later as the Emperor Lucius Verus. In honour of his adopted father he changed his name from M. Julius Aurelius Verus to M. Aurelius Antoninus. By the

15. Island Of Freedom - Marcus Aurelius Offers a brief biography, drawn from three encyclopedias. http://www.island-of-freedom.com/AURELIUS.HTM

Island of Freedom Plato Aristotle Aurelius Plotinus ... Wittgenstein To make light of philosophy is to be a true philosopher. Blaise Pascal Home Theologians Philosophers Poets ... Siddhartha Marcus Aurelius Antoninus WORKS: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was the Emperor of Rome from 161 until his death. Born Marcus Annius Verus, he was adopted by the emperor Antoninus Pius in 138, and married his daughter Annia Galeria Faustina a few years later. He succeeded to the throne without difficulty on Antoninus' death. Marcus Aurelius was educated by the best tutors in Rome and was a devotee of Stoicism. However, he felt with more religious fervour the communion of man in the unity of the universe than most other Stoics. In his later years he wrote the Meditations as a relief from his lonely office, in which he attempts to reconcile his Stoic philosophy of virtue and self-sacrifice with his role as emperor. As a philosopher Aurelius believed that a divine providence had placed reason in man, and it was in the power of man to be one with the rational purpose of the universe. This is a duty to a man himself and to the citizens of God's State. No man can be injured by another, he can only injure himself. He attempted to be a philosopher-king, which he considered a moral rather than a political ideal. He believed that the moral life leads to tranquility, and stressed the virtues of wisdom, justice, fortitude, and moderation. References: The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy and Philosophers

16. Stoicism Marcus Aurelius. The Stoic Emperor The Roman emperor marcus aurelius was perhaps the only true philosopher king in the history of the world. He was not an original nor a systematic http://members.aol.com/Heraklit1/marcus.htm

17. Aurelius, Marcus - MSN Encarta aurelius, marcus, full name marcus Aelius aurelius Antoninus (121180), Roman emperor (161-180) and Stoic philosopher. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576162/Aurelius_Marcus.html

var s_account="msnportalencarta"; MSN home Mail My MSN Sign in ... more Hotmail Messenger My MSN MSN Directory Air Tickets/Travel Autos City Guides Election 2008 ... More Additional Reference Materials Thesaurus Translations Multimedia Other Resources Education Resources Math Help Foreign Language Help Project Planner ... Help Related Items as Roman Emperor as Stoic philosopher more... Encarta Search Search Encarta about Marcus Aurelius Also on Encarta Secret students What colleges really want Famous misquotes quiz Advertisement Marcus Aurelius Encyclopedia Article Find Print E-mail Blog It Multimedia 2 items Marcus Aurelius , full name Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus (121-180), Roman emperor (161-180) and Stoic philosopher. In his domestic policy Marcus Aurelius was a champion of the poor, for whom he founded schools, orphanages, and hospitals and alleviated the burden of taxes. He also tried to humanize criminal laws and the treatment of slaves by their masters. As a philosopher he is remembered for his Meditations, a compendium of 12 books of moral precepts written in Greek. The work, an important formulation of the philosophy of Stoicism, reveals his belief that the moral life leads to tranquillity, and stresses the virtues of wisdom, justice, fortitude, and moderation. More from Encarta Offer: Live online homework help Feeling stuck with science, math or English?

18. Marcus Aurelius (121-180 CE) [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] The philosophy of the Roman Emperor marcus aurelius can be found in a collection of personal writings known as the Meditations. These reflect the influence http://www.iep.utm.edu/m/marcus.htm

Marcus Aurelius The philosophy of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius can be found in a collection of personal writings known as the Meditations . These reflect the influence of Stoicism and, in particular, the philosophy of the Stoic Epictetus. The Meditations may be read as a series of practical philosophical exercises, following Epictetus' three topics of study, designed to digest and put into practice philosophical theory. Central to these exercises is a concern with the analysis of one's judgements and a desire to cultivate a "cosmic perspective." Table of Contents (Clicking on the links below will take you to those parts of this article) 1. Life 2. The Meditations 3. Philosophy ... 5. References and Further Reading 1. Life Marcus Aurelius was born in AD 121. His early education was overseen by the Emperor Hadrian, and he was later adopted by the Emperor Antoninus Pius in AD 138. After an initial education in rhetoric undertaken by Fronto, Marcus later abandoned it in favor of philosophy. Marcus became Emperor himself in AD 161, initially alongside Lucius Verus, becoming sole Emperor in AD 169. Continual attacks meant that much of his reign was spent on campaign, especially in central Europe. However, he did find time to establish four Chairs of Philosophy in Athens, one for each of the principal philosophical traditions (Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, and Epicurean). He died in AD 180.

19. Roman Emperor - Marcus Aurelius The Stoic philosopher marcus aurelius followed Antoninus Pius as emperor and was followed by his own son Commodus. http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/marcusaurelius/Roman_Emperor_Marcus_Aurelius.

zGCID=" test0" zGCID=" test0 test8" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') You are here: About Education Ancient / Classical History People and Places ... A-F Aurelius - Marcus Aurelius Ancient / Classical History Education Ancient History Essentials ... A-F Aurelius - Marcus Aurelius Roman Emperor - Marcus Aurelius The Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius followed Antoninus Pius as emperor and was followed by his own son Commodus. Leaders Kings Generals @ Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus was a Stoic philosopher and Roman emperor. His philosophical writings are known as the Meditations. He was considered the last of the five good emperors and was succeeded by his son the infamous Roman emperor Commodus. Marcus Aurelius Picture and brief identification of the last of the five good emperors. Marcus Aurelius Meditations, Introduction The etext of the introduction to a public domain translation of the Meditations of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Philosophers Timeline Chronological list of Greek and Roman philosophers and mathematicians with dates. Eutropius: The Reign of Marcus Aurelius Ancient History Sourcebook passage of Eurtropius on the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Mentions that Plutarch's grandson taught Marcus Aurelius Greek.

20. Great Books Index - Marcus Aurelius Also recommended reading is Matthew Arnold s essay on marcus aurelius. Long s two essays and Arnold s essay are not online. http://books.mirror.org/gb.aurelius.html

GREAT BOOKS INDEX Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (121180) An Index to Online Great Books in English Translation AUTHORS/HOME TITLES ABOUT GB INDEX BOOK LINKS The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Meditations Articles The Meditations (ca 167) HTML edition organized into twelve books (Classics Archive, 2040KB each book) Translated by George Long. HTML edition divided into books (Evansville) Translated by George Long. [Back to Top of Page] Links to Information About Marcus Aurelius Brief Biography of Marcus Aurelius (Ecole) Article on Stoicism (Stanford) This article by Dirk Baltzly provides an overview of the philosophical system within which Marcus Aurelius wrote. Western Canon Mailing List (P.J. Barnette, Jr) The "Meditations" is the October 1997 selection for discussion on the Western Canon mailing list. An excellent opportunity. Not online, but recommended: The Penguin Classics edition of the "Meditations", translated by Maxwell Staniforth. See particularly the introduction, also by Staniforth. Other translations than Long's and Staniforth's: Staniforth mentions several. Some of these are public domain and suitable for scanning for Project Gutenberg. In 1898, by G.H. Rendall, "the most lively, scholarly and idiomatic of all English versions." In 1634, by Meric Casaubon, "archaic, cumbrous and involved" [and one is reminded of Middlemarch]. And in 1701, by Jeremy Collier, "strays so far from the original that it is scarcely more than a paraphrase." Of Long's translation of 1862, Staniforth says it is "admirably correct, as literal as a school crib, and ... utterly unreadable." At least in the case of Long, you may judge for yourself.

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